一种面向对象的遥感影像多尺度分割方法

高分辨率遥感影像中丰富的空间结构信息和地理特征信息提取需要在多种不同的尺度下进行,而传统的基于像素光谱特征的影像分割和单尺度影像信息提取方法在这方面存在明显的缺陷.基于区域的面向对象影像分析方法,为高分辨率遥感影像信息提取提供了新的思路,其关键的核心问题在于实现对高分辨率遥感影像的多尺度分割.本文提出了一种基于相邻影像区域合并异质性最小的面向对象多尺度分割算法.影像分割试验结果表明:该方法可以根据任意特定尺度下的影像分析任务或任意感兴趣尺度的地物目标,调整影像分割的尺度参数,从而获得特定尺度下感兴趣的影像区域(对象)作为后续面向对象影像分析和应用的基础.     

基于面向对象的热带林分类方法研究

【目的】为了加强热带林资源的保护,采用遥感技术对热带林植被进行分类研究。【方法】基于SPOT6高分辨率遥感影像,采用ESP多尺度分割评价模型与专家知识结合的方法确定最优分割尺度参数,在分割的基础上充分挖掘目标地物的光谱、形状及纹理信息,合理选择分类特征组合,建立分类规则,构建了一套基于面向对象的热带林多尺度分类方法。【结果】与单一尺度的分类方法相比,该方法分类精度有明显提高,分类总体精度达到84.46%,并且缩短了传统目视确定最优分割参数的时间,提高了分割效率和精度。【结论】基于面向对象的多尺度分类方法能够实现高精度的热带林植被信息提取,可为遥感分类技术在热带林的应用提供参考。     

面向对象的多层次规则分类地物遥感信息提取方法试验分析研究

监测土地覆盖变化是目前高分辨率遥感的重要应用领域，城市覆盖地物变更速度快、地物类型复杂，使用传统方法提取监测难度较大。针对此问题，选择云南省大理白族自治州上官镇为研究区，以GF-2 PMS遥感影像为数据源；采用面向对象的方法对研究区进行最优分割尺度分割，选取最优特征组合用于构建模糊分类规则，分层次进行地物提取，最终获得研究区地物类型分布图。运用混淆矩阵方法进行精度评价，面向对象的多层次规则分类法提取分类效果良好，分类总体精度达79.95%,Kappa系数为0.74。与基于像元的分类方法和单一尺度下面向对象的提取分类法相比，面向对象的多层次规则分类法精度明显提高，说明本方法运用于复杂地物提取分类具有较好可行性。     

基于最小异质性区域生长法的多尺度城市地物影像分割

遥感影像分割是面向对象影像分类中的关键技术.针对地物景观的多尺度效应与高分辨率影像的高空间分辨率特征研究了多尺度分割与多特征最小异质性准则,分析了其有效性及可行性.基于区域生长的原理与方法,采用多尺度分割与最小异质性算法,对不同分辨率遥感影像和地物类型的样区进行分割技术的应用实践,分析总结了分割参数与影像特征参数的关系和各种参数的确定方法.     

基于最优特征空间构建的随机森林算法在WorldView-2影像分类中的适用性研究

目前面向对象的分类研究中,对于研究区影像的分割尺度问题多以试验者的多次试验以及主观推断为主,缺乏定量化的评价标准。同时,在对遥感影像分类的算法选择以及在分类过程中,有效特征空间的选取均存在一定程度的主观性。针对遥感影像面向对象分类过程中分割尺度选择盲目及分类空间构造主观性较强的问题,以World View-2遥感影像数据为例,首先利用改进的全局最优分割尺度的方法获取研究区影像的最优分割尺度,在此基础上选取了研究区分割对象的48个特征,利用OOB误分率对各个特征的重要性排序;然后按重要性顺序以5为步长讨论特征数量对分类精度的影响,构建了用于分类的最优特征空间;最后将采用最优特征空间的随机森林算法获得的最佳分类结果,与面向对象的最邻近像元、决策树以及支持向量机分类算法进行了比较。结果表明,用于分类的特征数量与分类精度之间,并不是简单的正相关关系;与面向对象的最邻近像元、决策树以及支持向量机分类算法相比,利用最优特征空间进行随机森林分类的分类精度最高,表明该方法更适合于高分辨率World View-2数据的分类。     

基于Ecognition的高分辨率遥感影像水体提取研究

以高分辨率遥感影像为数据源,采用面向对象的影像分析软件eCognition提取水体。首先采用多尺度分割算法生成对象,然后对影像中水体的特征进行分析,最后建立对象知识库进行细分类。实验表明,相对于传统方法,面向对象方法能够得到更好的效果。     

高空间分辨率遥感影像分类最优分割尺度

在对高空间分辨率遥感影像进行分类时,为解决不同地物其空间尺度不同的问题,采用多尺度分割的面向对象分类技术,提出采用"对象完整面积个数最多法"的分割方法,研究得出道路、农田、居民地、裸地、水域的最优分割尺度分别为20、30、50、80和100,采用成员函数法对分割后的影像进行分类,并将分类后的结果与基于像元的监督分类结果进行了对比.研究结果表明:使用"对象完整面积个数最多法"实现最优分割的面向对象分类技术的分类精度高于基于像元的分类精度.     

基于最优尺度模型的建筑物信息提取

建筑物信息在数字城市建设过程中具有十分重要的意义和作用,从高分辨率遥感影像中提取建筑物信息已成为研究热点之一.本文结合当前现有的理论与方法,提出最优尺度的面向对象的方法对建筑物信息进行提取.首先采用多尺度分割算法对影像进行分割,然后采用最优尺度计算模型选取最优分割尺度,在分割的基础上构建建筑物提取知识库,最后采用最近邻...     

面向对象的遥感影像分类研究

在基于传统的遥感影像分类方法的基础上,结合面向对象分析理论与方法,提出了面向对象的遥感影像的分类方法,通过实验分析探讨了面向对象影像分类的关键技术。包括多尺度的分割,分类器的建立,包括最近邻分类和模糊聚类分类。实验表明,面向对象的分类方法较传统基于像素分类法有较高的精度,具有很大的发展潜力。     

基于面向对象的多尺度山地城市土地覆盖信息提取——以重庆市大学城城区为例

以重庆市大学城区的Quick Bird高分辨率遥感影像为数据源,基于多尺度分割算法获得内部异质性较小的对象,构建典型地物影像特征库,实现不同地类特征的针对性描述,采用级联方式综合最邻近分类算法和模糊分类算法优点,实现山地城市土地覆盖信息的面向对象提取,并把提取结果与传统监督分类方法进行对比分析;结果表明:综合使用地物的光谱、纹理、几何等特征的面向对象分类法提取结果稳定性好,分类效率高;面向对象分类能够有效避免"椒盐"噪声,分类结果具有很好的区域性和连贯性;面向对象分类法对于山地城市中光谱特征特别相近或相同的耕地和草地、建筑用地和道路的分类,精度分别提高了28.67%、9.24%、10.38%和8.79%,有效地克服了同谱异物和同物异谱现象;根据对比分析结果得知,面向对象分类法在山地城市土地覆盖信息提取中具有较高的可行性和一定的应用价值,同时由于研究区域的复杂性和研究对象的普适性,算法研究成果可以推广应用到其他山地城市区域。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to