《庄子》“道”“德”观

《庄子》“道”“德”观童坚强（９２中③）《庄子》“道”的思想是道家思想重要组成部分。在研究《庄子》道的思想时，发现其中“德”也自成一个体系，与道形成一种若即若离的关系。首先，庄子提出德思想的原因。《庄子》道是“无为无形，可传而不可受，可得而不可见”的...     

从先秦道家的思想发展看庄子哲学

目前史学界对怎样评价庄子及其哲学还存在着较大的分歧.本文试图从一个侧面——先秦道家的思想演变来探讨庄子的哲学性质.一、道家思想由老子创始由庄子集大成我们后人要追寻道家思想的开山祖师,历来就有很大的争议.不过,最后还不能不找到老子,肯定老子是道家的创始人.老子是第一个把“道”作为哲学最高范畴并把“道”看成世界万物的总根源而给以系统的哲学论证.所以在分析道家思想时,就以老子为始点,以庄子为终点,从先秦道家的思想发展中,看清庄子在那时所居的重要地位.道家学说到庄子才集大成,正如儒家学说到荀子才集大成,法家学说到韩非子才集大成一样,乃是战国末期封建政治经济统一趋势在学术思想上的反映.道家从老子到庄子还有其中间环节,根据《庄子·天下》记载,道家内部似乎有宋钘、尹文和田骈、慎到以及环渊、老聃三派之分,而最后才为庄子.庄子俨然以直接继承老聃即他所向往的“古之博大真人”①自命.可见,宋钘、尹文和田骈、慎到两派在思想上是对庄子有影响的.     

苟全性命于乱世 不求闻达于诸侯——略论庄子的人生观及对后世的影响

在诸子百家中,对中国文人影响最深远的莫过于儒、道二家,它们如同中国思想的阴阳两极一直互相依存又互相对立。庄子作为道家思想的继承者和弘扬光大者,其思想中旷达的生死观,逍遥的人生哲学以及对一切丑恶东西的彻底批判精神闪耀着积极的光辉。道家思想经受住了时代的大浪淘沙,成为中国传统思想文化的瑰宝。     

试谈道家思想及其演化

本文从讨论道家立派的根本范畴——“道”出发,着重探究了道家学派最重要的两位代表人物——老子和庄子的学说的本质异同,并进而分析了老庄哲学在秦汉之际如何同神仙思想结合而演化为“黄老之道”,以及在西晋以后又如何被巫教所吸收与改造而演化为中国土生土长、半僧半俗的道教等过程,勾勒出道家思想两千多年来的发展轨迹     

先秦道家的审美哲学

谈及道家,人们不约而同的看视老子(约春秋中晚期)、庄子(约公元前369～286)为其始祖,不过我认为如此观之未免失当。庄子吸取了《老子》书中的一些成份,却并不能得出这样一个学术谱系:老子传关尹子与庚桑子,庚桑子传壶子,壶子传列子,列子传庄子。并不能因庄子与老子的学术关系而称“老庄”,正象孔子吸取了老子的学说而不称“老孔”一样。其实《老子》务实与务虚精神开创了中国思想文化最重要之两派——儒家、道家。《老子》是中国文化的始基。王夫之指出《庄子》“虽与《老子》相近,而别为一宗”(《庄子解》)。因此,在论及先秦道家思想时,我不论《老子》的思想,而以庄子及其后学所著的《庄子》为立说重点。《庄子》是道家的开山著作。     

从老庄到嵇康——道家音乐思想发展新探

人们一直将老子视为道家音乐思想的代表人物,这其实是个误会。庄子首先提出了道家音乐思想,但庄子音乐思想带有神秘虚无色彩,有取消一切人为音乐的思想倾向。真正丰富和发展了道家音乐思想的是魏晋时期的嵇康,他开创了道家音乐思想的全新局面,并促使道家取代儒家成为中国传统音乐思想发展的主流。     

伽达默尔与中国道家美学观念的异同

道家理论被认为是中国最具美学特质的哲学理论。忘己在其美学思想中占有很重要的位置。庄子作品中,处处强调为了体道,首先必须忘己,在自由状态下观照真理;天道观物则是以艺术化的道来理解存在之真,既是道境也是存在之澄明。这些正是与诠释学极为相似的关于理解的哲学。以伽达默尔的观点为尺牍来看道家理论,可以发现二者具有互通性与互释性。     

庄子人生哲学对大学生理想人格塑造的积极作用

庄子是道家思想的集大成者,他的思想在中国传统文化思想中占有重要的地位。“自由观”、“生死观”、“游戏观”是庄子人生哲学思想的集中体现,同时也反映了庄子独特的思想内涵。运用庄子的这些哲学观点,可以帮助当代大学生提高心理素质,从而完成理想人格的塑造。     

略论庄子思想的寻根意识

作为先秦道家思想的集大成者,庄子集中而突出地关注和思考着人生问题。这种对人生问题的追问发端于、立足于个人生存中的困境。庄子通过对人生困境的细致观察和具体描述,以＂自然＂为母体,提出了解决的方法——追求一种精神上的解脱。庄子人生哲学中的这种解脱之道,至今仍不失其启发意义。     

论《老子》《庄子》中“自然无为”观点的差异

“自然无为”是道家的基本思想，《老子》与《庄子》中虽都讲“自然无为”，但却在大体一致之中表现出了差异，分析这种差异，有助于我们更精确地把握道家“自然无为”这一思想，也更能体会《老子》、《庄子》的思想特色，以及从《老子》到《庄子》的思想演变。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…