二苯胺磺酸钠分光光度法测定痕量铬(VI)

实验在酸性介质中,无色的二苯胺磺酸钠被铬(VI)氧化为紫色的产物,其最大吸收波长为552 nm,借此建立了二苯胺磺酸钠氧化显色测定痕量铬的新方法。铬(VI)量在0~3.2μg/mL服从朗勃比尔定律,此方法用于测定废水中的铬。     

基于扩散偶法的CaO–V2O5和MnO2–V2O5固相界面反应行为比较

钒是我国重要的战略金属资源,广泛应用于钢铁、化工、航空航天等领域。钒渣作为我国最重要的含钒原料,其钙化提钒及锰化提钒工艺在钒的高效分离、尾渣利用和环境保护方面优势显著,但焙烧过程中钒酸钙和钒酸锰始终共存。两种钒酸盐的生成机理及钒与钙、锰反应能力的差异是两种提钒工艺的基本问题和共性问题,这对充实提钒基础理论和促进提钒工艺优化具有重要意义。为此,本文基于扩散偶研究方法,通过制备氧化钙–氧化钒和二氧化锰–氧化钒扩散偶,并在不同时间恒温焙烧,比较研究了钙、锰与钒组元固相反应的界面扩散行为差异;阐明了钒酸钙和钒酸锰的生成机理;进一步基于扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析研究并计算了扩散产物和扩散系数随焙烧时间的变化规律。结果表明,随着焙烧时间的延长,氧化钙–氧化钒、二氧化锰–氧化钒两组扩散反应逐渐进行。氧化钙–氧化钒扩散偶中钙和钒的分布区域边界始终清晰。而对于二氧化锰–氧化钒扩散偶而言,随着恒温焙烧时间的延长,二氧化锰逐渐分解生成三氧化二锰,钒组元能扩散到三氧化二锰内部,但仅有部分钒与锰反应形成扩散产物层。氧化钙–氧化钒、二氧化锰–氧化钒扩散偶的界面反应产物分别是偏钒酸钙和偏钒酸锰。恒温焙烧16 h后,产物厚度分别为39.85和32.13 μm,且由于组元扩散反应能力的限制,两个扩散偶均达到反应平衡。相同恒温焙烧时间内,氧化钙–氧化钒扩散偶的扩散系数略高于二氧化锰–氧化钒扩散偶,这说明钒与钙的扩散反应比钒与锰的扩散反应更易进行。     

攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿钠化球团磁化焙烧时脱硫反应的研究——钒钛磁铁矿铁、钒、钛分离物理化学之四

攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿在用竖炉或回转窑直接还原流程处理时,为了分离和综合提取其中的铁、钒、钛、铬等有益组分,需要加入芒硝(Na_2SO_4)作为添加剂。实验室研究结果表明,一般按铁精矿:芒硝=100:4.5～6(重量比)配比,即可以满足分离铁与提取钒的要求。但在向铁精矿配入如上数量的芒硝后,引起了两个严重问题,即(1)钠盐在氧化球团的     

铬对锂离子在尖晶石锂锰氧化物中嵌入行为的影响

研究了纯尖晶石锂锰氧化物和掺铬尖晶石锂锰氧化物粉末微电极的循环伏安行为,结果表明,掺铬样品循环稳定性明显增加,但它的氧化还原峰的位置发生正移,峰形宽化,两步嵌脱锂的量也由相等变为不等.由慢速循环伏安曲线(40μV/s)求出锂离子在纯尖晶石和掺铬尖晶石锂锰氧化物中嵌入自由能(ΔG)和相互作用能(U)后发现掺铬尖晶石锂锰氧化物的嵌入自由能较未掺杂的减少,而相互作用能增加;结合X-射线衍射图、恒电流放电曲线讨论了铬对锂离子在尖晶石锂锰氧化物中嵌脱行为影响机理,认为掺入Cr后,尖晶石结构保持不变,但尖晶石晶胞发生收缩,四面体中锂离子之间、锂离子与其他阳离子间的距离缩短,这导致相邻四面体中锂离子间、锂离子与其它阳离子间的相互斥力增加,锂离子嵌入过程变得更加困难,因为在嵌入过程中需要更大的能量来克服这个斥力.     

湖北崇阳石煤中钒的价态分配

含钒石煤是我国一种新型钒矿资源,从石煤中提取精钒(V_2O_5>98％)的生产关键是钠盐氧化焙烧,本文着重于石煤中钒的价态研究,探讨钒的氧化和转化规律。崇阳石煤中钒分配率:V(Ⅲ)占98.77％V(Ⅳ)占1.23％。阐述了焙烧过程中钒的氧化状态,经历了还原区、氧化还原区,氧化区和平衡区等不同分布状况。在提钒过程中氯化钠起加速钒的氧化和生成可溶钒的双重作用。在此基础上结合矿物晶体结构的分析,确定了钠化焙烧的转化条件:775℃,焙烧15min,矿:盐=100∶10;η焙达81.2％。     

痕量钒(V)的催化动力学分析法研究

动力学方法测定痕量钒(V)已有报道,作者在工作中发现,在活化剂柠檬酸存在下,钒能催化溴酸钾氧化DBC-偶氮胂〔全称为2-(2-胂酸基苯偶氮)-7-(2,6—二溴-4-氯苯偶氮)-1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二磺酸〕褪色,此反应可作为指示反应,其反应是:     

1-苯基硫代卡巴肼作为铬和钒的连续光度法试剂

本文研究应用1-苯基硫代卡巴肼(PTCH)作为铬和钒的连续光度法试剂。反应机理是红色三元络合物能被戊醇萃取。钒有类似的反应(1),但无反应(2),故可由差减法求得。试剂的选择性较好。以之用于水、污水、土壤、某些金属盐类中铬或钒的测定,结果尚为满意。     

不同价态钒氧化物的细胞毒性评估

为了对单斜晶型M相二氧化钒粉体氧化过程中可能形成的多种价态钒氧化物的细胞毒性进行评估,选取并制备价态依次增加的二氧化钒、十三氧化六钒、一水合七氧化三钒和五氧化二钒4种钒氧化物,通过细胞形态观察和细胞活性测定2种方式评估不同价态及质量浓度为1～500 mg/L的钒氧化物对小鼠成纤维细胞L929的细胞毒性。结果表明,处理24 h后的L929细胞的细胞活性在不同价态钒氧化物中由弱到强的顺序为五氧化二钒、一水合七氧化三钒、十三氧化六钒、二氧化钒,说明钒氧化物的细胞毒性随着价态的增加而增强。     

掺钒电解二氧化锰的放电特性及其某些理化性能(Ⅰ)

掺钒电解二氧化锰(EMD-V)样品是在合有VOSO_4的H_2SO_4-MnSO_4溶液中通过阳极氧化制备的。EMD-V样品在中性NH_4Cl-ZnCI_2电解质中的放电性能优于未掺杂EMD样品。X射线衍射图表明,EMD-V样品属于γ型MnO_2,具有纤维态结构。X射线光电子能谱分析表明,钒在EMD-V样品中以V_2O_5的形式存在。     

利用二元钠盐体系处理钒渣的清洁焙烧工艺

试验研究了利用二元钠盐(NaOH-Na₂CO₃)对钒渣进行焙烧,并分析了相关动力学参数对焙烧效果的影响.结果表明:在二元钠盐焙烧过程中,焙烧温度、焙烧时间及NaOH与Na₂CO₃质量比对渣中钒、铬的浸出率影响重大;焙烧过程中,Fe₃O₄被氧化为Fe₂O₃,V₂O₅和Cr₂O₃分别被氧化为β钒酸钠型结构的Na₃VO₄与正交晶系结构的Na₂CrO₄;最佳焙烧条件下,NaOH与 Na₂CO₃质量比为1.5∶1,焙烧温度为600℃,焙烧时间为60min,此时钒与铬的浸出率分别为98.66%与83.57%;浸出尾渣的主要金属元素为Fe.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with