乙酰胆碱对家鸽顶盖脑片中Ⅲ层神经元电活动的影响

实验在２２只家鸽的离体顶盖脑片上，用玻璃微电极胞外记录到顶盖Ⅲ层神经元自发放电单位５０个，观察了乙酰胆碱（ＡＣｈ）及其拮抗剂以及电刺激Ⅱａ－ｆ亚层对Ⅲ层神经元电活动的作用。结果显示，脑片灌流ＡＣｈ（１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，３ｍｉｎ）后，２４／３７个单位（６４．９％）放电频率增加。４／３７个单位（１０．８％）放电频率降低，７／３７个单位（１８．９％）无明显变化，另２／３７个单位表现为先增频后减频反应。     

谷氨酸对家鸽顶盖脑片Ⅱa？f亚层神经元自发电活动的影响

应用离体脑片技术,胞外记录观察了家鸽顶盖Ⅱa～f亚层神经元的自发放电特征,以及灌流和微电泳给予谷氨酸（glutamate,Glu）及其受体措抗剂谷氨酸二乙酯（glutamatediethylester,GDEE）对自发电活动的影响．在46例脑片上观察了80个Ⅱa～f亚层神经元的自发放电活动,其放电形式有3种：慢而不规则型（50个,占62．5％）;连续重复放电型（24,占30．0％）;周期性簇状放电型（6个,占7．5％）．分别用灌流和微电泳方式给予Glu后,受试神经元均出现明显的增频反应,且呈现剂量一效应关系．GDEE对自发放电有抑制作用,且能阻断Glu的兴奋作用一以上结果提示,家鸽顶盖Ⅱa～f亚层内存在Glu敏感神经元,外源性的Glu对这些神经元有兴奋作用,Glu可能作为神经递质参与了家鸽顶盖Ⅱa～f亚层神经元的活动．     

γ—氨基丁酸对家鸽（Columba livia）顶盖脑片Ⅲ层神经？…

在２５只家鸽的离体顶盖脑片上，用玻璃微电极胞外记录到顶盖Ⅲ层神经元自发放电单位５５个，观察了γ－氨基丁酸９ｇａｍｍａ－ａｍｉｎｏｂｕｔｙｒｉｃ，ＧＡＢＡ）及其拮抗剂以及电刺激Ⅲα￣ｆ亚层对Ⅲ岐神经元电活动的作用。作用显示：脑片灌流ＧＡＢＡ（１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，３ｍｉｎ）后，１６／２１个单位（占７６．２％）放电频率减少，１／２１个单位（占４．８％）放电频率增加，４／２１个单位（占１９．６％）放电频     

天冬氨酸对家鸽顶盖脑片Ⅱa—f层神经元电活动的影响

利用离体脑片技术，在５１例家鸽顶盖脑片上用玻璃微电极胞外记录了家鸽顶盖Ⅱａ－ｆ亚层神经元的自发放电活动。根据家鸽顶盖Ⅱａ－ｆ 层神经元自发放电活动的特征，将Ⅱａ－ｆ亚层神经元自发放电分为３种类型：慢而不规则型、快连续型和周期性簇状放电型。天冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）对不同形式放电单位的作用均以兴奋为主，这种兴奋作用能被Ｎ－甲基－Ｄ－天冬氨酸（ＮＭＯＡ）增强，Ｄ－α－氨基－己二酸（Ｄ－α－ＡＡ）能阻断ＡＳＰ的     

γ-氨基丁酸对家鸽(Columba livia)顶盖脑片Ⅲ层神经元电活动的影响

在２５只家鸽的离体顶盖脑片上,用玻璃微电极胞外记录到顶盖Ⅲ层神经元自发放电单位５５个,观察了γ氨基丁酸（ｇａｍｍａａｍｉｎｏｂｕｔｙｒｉｃ,ＧＡＢＡ）及其拮抗剂以及电刺激Ⅱａ～ｆ亚层对Ⅲ层神经元电活动的作用．作用显示：脑片灌流ＧＡＢＡ（１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,３ｍｉｎ）后,１６／２１个单位（占７６．２％）放电频率减少,１／２１个单位（占４．８％）放电频率增加,４／２１个单位（占１９．６％）放电频率无变化．ＧＡＢＡ的这种减频作用可被１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ荷包牡丹碱（ｂｉｃｕｃｕｌｉｎｅ,ＢＩＣ）逆转．１４个被Ⅱａ～ｆ亚层刺激传入减频的Ⅲ层神经元,其中１１个单位（占７８．６％）的减频作用可被ＢＩＣ阻断,另３个单位则不产生阻遏作用．上述药物的作用具有可逆性和重复性．结果表明：家鸽顶盖Ⅲ层中可能有ＧＡＢＡ能纤维的到达,Ⅲ层内存在ＧＡＢＡ敏感神经元．顶盖Ⅱａ～ｆ亚层与Ⅲ层神经元间的抑制性突触传递过程中有ＧＡＢＡ及其相应的ＧＡＢＡＡ型受体参与     

γ-氨基丁酸参与家鸽顶盖的视网膜抑制性传入作用的离体研究

在６０例家鸽顶盖脑片上,利用胞外记录研究了γ－氨基丁酸（γ－ａｍｉｎｏｂｕｔｙｒｉｃ ａｃｉｄ,ＧＡＢＡ）和荷包牡丹碱（ｂｉｃｕｃｕｌｌｉｎｅ,ＢＩＣ）对顶盖视网膜接受区神经元自发放电及刺激Ⅰ层诱发的抑制反应的影响,灌流ＧＡＢＡ（１－１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）抑制了６０个神经元中的５２个神经元的电活动,这些抑制效应呈剂量依赖关系,ＧＡＢＡ的抑制效应绝大部分可被ＧＡＢＡＡ受体拮抗剂ＢＩＣ所阻断。单独灌流ＢＩ     

γ-氨基丁酸对家鸽(

在25只家鸽的离体顶盖脑片上,用玻璃微电极胞外记录到顶盖Ⅲ层神经元自发放电单位55个,观察了γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric, GABA)及其拮抗剂以及电刺激Ⅱ     

家鸽顶盖脑片中Ⅱ_（a－f）亚层的诱发电位

将离体脑片技术用于研究家鸽顶盖．以微电极记录顶盖Ⅱａ－ｆ层的诱发反应，对不同频率电刺激Ⅰ层引起的诱发电位，以及在Ⅱａ－ｆ亚层不同深度记录的诱发电位进行了分析．所得结果如下：①诱发电位包含３个成分，即正波、负波和正波。②频率跟随反应表明，此诱发电位的３个成分都是突触后的反应．③此诱发电位在深度１００～１００μｍ处表现明显，在深度３００μｍ处波幅最大．上述结果提示，有关接受视网膜输入的神经元位于３００μｍ深度附近．     

家鸽顶盖脑片Ⅱ_(a～f)亚层神经元对电刺激Ⅰ层的反应

将离体脑片技术用于研究家鸽顶盖 ,以微电极记录并分析了不同频率电刺激顶盖Ⅰ层引起的Ⅱa～f亚层的诱发电反应以及用含 10 -6mol/L的NMDA和D -α -AA人工脑脊液 (ACSF)灌流脑片后诱发电位所出现的变化 .表明D-α -AA能够阻断家鸽顶盖Ⅱa～f亚层内之突触传递 ,分布在Ⅱa～f亚层的视神经纤维末稍可能释放天冬氨酸 .     

腺苷及其阻断剂茶碱对大鼠尾状核脑薄片神经元自发放电的影响

本实验采用脑薄片电活动胞外记录法，研究腺苷及其非特异性阻断剂茶碱对大鼠尾状核脑薄片神经元自发放电的影响，在记录的３１个细胞中，对２１个细胞灌流了腺苷，其中３个细胞自发放电频率无明显变化，占３／２１＝１４２８％；在另外１８个对腺苷有反应的细胞中，有６个细胞自发放电频率增加，占６／２１＝２８５７％；有１２个细胞自发放电频率减少，占１２／２１＝５７２２％。腺苷的兴奋和抑制效应都有量效关系。茶碱对大鼠尾状核神经元自发放电的效应与腺苷相反。结果提示，大鼠尾状核内存在两种类型的腺苷受体：Ａ１和Ａ２；腺苷对大鼠尾状核脑片神经元自发放电的抑制效应是通过激活Ａ１受体实现的，而其兴奋效应是由于激活了Ａ２受体。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.