环氧法制备环氧氯丙烷的工艺参数优化研究

采用钛硅分子筛作为催化剂,在固定床反应器中采用双氧水氧化氯丙烯的方法制备环氧氯丙烷.为优化反应操作工艺,通过小试重点分析了原料进料速率、催化剂、反应温度、溶剂、双氧水、氯丙烯等对原料转化率的影响,结果表明:钛硅分子筛催化剂与惰性物质二氧化硅的质量比为1∶2~1∶5,氯丙烯与双氧水物质的量的比为2∶1~8∶1,溶剂甲醇与氯丙烯的质量比为2∶1~7.5∶1,在空速为1440~2880mL·h-1,反应温度为25~75℃的情况下发生反应,制得环氧氯丙烷的最终收率大于70%.     

9-芴甲酸的合成工艺研究

以二苯乙醇酸为原料合成9-芴甲酸,探讨了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂的种类和用量、溶剂的种类和用量等因素对产物收率的影响,并对产物进行了红外吸收、HPLC和核磁共振表征。最佳合成条件为:反应时间2.5 h,原料与溶剂的质量比为1∶13,原料和催化剂的物质的量的比为1∶3,反应温度控制在回流状态下。     

金属氯化物催化葡萄糖制备5-羟甲基糠醛

用金属氯化物做催化剂,碱金属卤化物做助剂,催化葡萄糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF).在原料与催化剂的质量比为10∶1,原料与助催化剂的质量比为1∶1的情况下,考察金属氯化物、助剂、溶剂、温度、时间对5-HMF收率的影响.结果显示:Al Cl3做催化剂、Na I做助剂、溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、反应温度为130℃、反应时间为15 min时5-HMF收率可达30.6%.     

壳聚糖钯催化剂对巴豆醛氢化的催化作用研究

以壳聚糖钯配合物作为催化剂 ,探讨了反应压力、温度、时间、催化剂用量、溶剂等对巴豆醛氢化的影响 .得出最佳反应条件 :Pd∶巴豆醛物质的量的比为 1∶5 0 ,甲醇为溶剂 ,氢压 4.0MPa ,温度 80℃ .巴豆醛的转化率为 10 0 % ,正丁醇的选择性为 6 0 %以上     

固体酸催化小桐子油制备生物柴油

采用新型固体酸SO4^2-/TiO2-Al2O3替代传统的液体酸、碱催化剂,催化较高酸值小桐子油与甲醇进行酯交换反应制备生物柴油.考察了搅拌速度、固体酸催化剂用量、醇油摩尔比、反应温度和助溶剂等因素对产物中甲酯含量的影响.研究结果表明,固体酸催化剂对小桐子油酯交换反应具有较好的催化活性和稳定性,产物与催化剂易于分离.在反应温度为130℃、醇油摩尔比为15∶1、固体酸催化剂用量为油质量的4%、搅拌速度为480 r/min和助溶剂正己烷与小桐子油质量比为1∶4的条件下,反应4 h产物中小桐子油甲酯含量达到97.6%,反应10次甲酯含量维持在90%左右.制备得到的生物柴油质量达到国家柴油机燃料调合用生物柴油（BD100）标准.     

高纯度长叶烯的合成

以重质松节油为原料,采用单因素实验及正交试验对高纯度长叶烯的制备方法进行了研究。探讨了催化剂种类及用量、溶剂种类及用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对长叶烯产品纯度的影响,确定了高纯度长叶烯的适宜工艺条件。结果表明:采用硫酸为催化剂,催化剂用量为重油原料质量的1%,乙酸溶剂与原料的体积质量比为1∶3(m L/g),反应温度为20℃,反应时间为4 h,在此条件下石竹烯转化率接近100%。     

空气液相催化氧化法制备2,6-萘二甲酸

为制备高分子单体2,6-萘二甲酸,以自制的2-甲基6-丙酰基萘为原料,在自建的一套氧化反应装置中,以钴锰溴类物质为催化剂,经空气液相催化氧化得到了2,6-萘二甲酸.并对氧化反应的产物进行了FT-IR和HLPC-MS表征;对氧化反应的工艺条件进行了研究.结果表明,氧化反应的较佳条件为:反应时间30 min,物料的溶剂质量比为15∶1,反应温度210℃,反应压力2.2 MPa,催化剂中钴的质量分数为0.1%,合适的催化剂质量配比1∶2∶3.产物的收率可达68%,产物的纯度大于95%.     

微波催化剂协同作用合成乳酸乙酯

采用微波辐射技术,在无水CaCl2催化下,乳酸与乙醇常压下直接合成乳酸乙酯。讨论了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、催化剂用量、带水剂的量及反应摩尔比等因素对酯产率的影响。最佳酯化条件为:醇酸摩尔比为2∶1,催化剂用量为乳酸用量的2.0%,带水剂15 mL,微波功率450 W,辐射时间45 min,乳酸乙酯产率可达89.2%。     

ZnO/Zn复配催化剂热分解4,4'-二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯制备4,4'-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯的研究

考察了不同催化剂对4,4′-二苯甲烷二氨基甲酸甲酯(4,4′-MDC)催化分解制备4,4′-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(4,4′-MDI)反应的催化性能,结果表明ZnO/Zn复配催化剂对该反应具有较高催化活性,并具有低温的反应特点。ZnO/Zn复配催化剂的最佳质量比为1∶1。对ZnO/Zn复配催化剂催化反应的工艺条件进行了优化实验,结果表明在催化剂用量为溶剂质量的1.6%,原料用量为溶剂质量的2.5%,反应温度250℃,反应时间80min的最优条件下,MDC的转化率达到99.2%,其中4,4′-MDI单体的产率为67.3%。     

松香胺希夫碱-铜催化松香的氧化反应研究

研究了以松香胺希夫碱 铜配合物为催化剂催化H2O2氧化松香的情况.探索了H2O2浓度、溶剂、催化剂的用量、温度等因素对反应的影响 实验结果表明,在无水乙醇作溶剂,松香胺希夫碱 铜催化剂用量为2%情况下,温度对反应的影响最大 其次为H2O2的用量,而时间对反应的影响最小.通过正交实验得出最佳实验条件为:在松香与无水乙醇的质量比为1∶5,松香胺希夫碱 铜催化剂用量为2%情况下,反应温度80℃,35%H2O2的用量7ml,反应时间1h较理想.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.