Safety and coping strategy for high dam under complex natural conditions

In respect to current situation and new challenges for high dam construction in China,safety problems are analyzed for high dam construction under complex natural conditions such as high elevation,cold area,high seismic intensity,large-scale landslide and high dam and huge reservoirs with dam types such as concrete surface rock-fill,asphalt concrete core,roller compacted concrete(RCC) arch dam and so on.From several aspects,including risk response measures for high dam,strengthening safety awareness for high dam design and construction,improving high dam construction technique,intelligent dam safety management system based on IT,developing dam rehabilitation and maintenance technologies,useful dam safety and coping strategy is proposed.     

Vibration sensitive admixture for roller compacted concrete

In order to further speed up the construction progress, shorten the rolling time and reduce the rolling times of roller compacted concrete after analyzing work of construction progress improvement measures of roller compacted concrete, research on vibration sensitive admixture is carried out and satisfactory results are acquired. The new type vibration sensitive admixture was used in the project of Jinghong hydropower station in Yunnan Province, China. The engineering experimental results show that various indexes have been verified. Meanwhile, the compactness of roller compacted concrete is improved under the same rolling times, the rolling times and the duration time can be reduced under the same compactness requirement in construction practice.     

Key technologies for the construction of the Xiluodu high arch dam on the Jinsha River in the development of hydropower in western China

Hydropower development in China is concentrated in the country’s western regions.Among all the rivers in China,the lower course of the Jinsha River contains the richest hydro-energy resource,and therefore,4 mammoth hydropower plants are under construction on this particular section of the river at Wudongde,Baihetan,Xiluodu,and Xiangjiaba.The water-blocking structures of the hydropower facilities at Wudongde,Baihetan and Xiluodu are all arch dams of around 300 m high.In view of changes in the geological conditions at the foundation of the Xiluodu dam on the riverbed after excavation started,the designs of expanding foundation surface excavation and dovetailing the dam body and foundation rock on both upstream and downstream sides were introduced,allowing the arch dam and foundation to fit each other and improving the stress conditions of the dam body and foundation.By dividing the dam body into various concrete sections,the dynamic properties of concrete were adequately adjusted to the distribution of stress in the dam body.In addition,the use of the most optimal concrete material and mixture ratio allowed thermodynamics of concrete to satisfy the requirements of the strength,durability,temperature control and crack prevention of the concrete.Moreover,rigorous temperature control measures were introduced to prevent harmful cracking,thus enhancing the integrity of the arch dam.Furthermore,sophisticated construction machinery,scientific testing methods,and sound construction techniques were employed to ensure the uniformity and reliability of concrete placement.The "Digital Dam" for the Xiluodu project,which is based on the theory of total life cycle,has supplied strong support for construction process control and decision-making.     

Remote Visualization of High-Speed Rail Power Quality Monitoring

The visualization techniques were explored for power quality monitoring.And remote visualization solutions were proposed for highspeed rail power quality monitoring.Taking the Beijing-Shanghai highspeed rail power monitoring as a study case,a remote visualization client,based on our proposed solutions,was developed for high-speed rail power quality monitoring to efficiently support power quality data analysis of the electricity business.The solutions collected data from monitoring stations deployed along the high-speed rail route and visualized the data set with a variety of visualization technologies to alert the specific stations of catastrophic events.The proposed solutions have been proved to be effective in supporting decision-making for the railway power scheduling and providing diagnosis information for quickly spotting any possible runtime failure in operation.     

The construction design and practice of Three Gorges Project

The construction of Three Gorges Project (TGP) is characterized by large construction scale,high construction intensity and complexity in technology.In view of various technical difficulties such as navigation in construction period,two river closures,high-intensity concrete and earth-rock construction,high-intensity construction and demolition of RCC (roller compacted concrete) cofferdam in stage III and immediate navigation of double-line five-step shiplock after impoundment of reservoir,the scheme of river diversion during construction is adopted,namely "diversion in 3 stages,open channel navigation and cofferdam power generation".The practice and innovation achievements in river diversion during construction as well as earth-rock and concrete construction are presented emphatically.     

Discussion on construction and type selection of China high dams

At the beginning of 21^st century, with the rapid and steady development of China economy, a lot of large scale hydropower projects with large dams from 200 m to 300 m high are being or to be built. China dam constructions are reaching the level of 300 m high arch dam, 250 high CFRD （ concrete face rockfill dam） and 200 m high RCC （roller compacted concrete） gravity dam. Due to the safety and the economy, the type selection for high dams has become the key issue during the argumentation for the hydropower projects, and further efforts are still needed in this aspect for high dams. After reviewing the high dam constructions in China and abroad, authors proposed some advices for the selection of dam types, and hope that it can provide some helpful information for the researches and the design of high dams.     

Yarn Quality Prediction and Diagnosis Based on Rough Set and Knowledge-Based Artificial Neural Network

In the spinning process, some key process parameters（ i. e.,raw material index inputs） have very strong relationship with the quality of finished products. The abnormal changes of these process parameters could result in various categories of faulty products. In this paper, a hybrid learning-based model was developed for on-line intelligent monitoring and diagnosis of the spinning process. In the proposed model, a knowledge-based artificial neural network（ KBANN） was developed for monitoring the spinning process and recognizing faulty quality categories of yarn. In addition,a rough set（ RS）-based rule extraction approach named RSRule was developed to discover the causal relationship between textile parameters and yarn quality. These extracted rules were applied in diagnosis of the spinning process, provided guidelines on improving yarn quality,and were used to construct KBANN. Experiments show that the proposed model significantly improve the learning efficiency, and its prediction precision is improved by about 5. 4% compared with the BP neural network model.     

The research and practice of major technological issues on design of Three Gorges Project

The dam of Three Gorges Project is characterized by large flood discharge capacity,more outlets,complicated flood discharge and energy dissipation structure,and the stability of the bank powerhouse dam foundation is endangered by large gentle-dip structural plane of the bedrock due to the deep excavation of powerhouse at the dam-toe.For the dam body concrete,the durability requirement is high and the temperature control and crack prevention are difficult.The practical experience which could be used for reference in the design and construction of asphalt concrete core wall for Maopingxi protective earth-rock dam is scarce.The power station operates with high water head and large head variation.The type selection of penstock and intake as well as the embedding way of spiral case are complicated in technique,and the tailrace tunnel with sloping ceiling of underground power plant is arranged instead of traditional tailrace surge tank.For the double-line five-step ship-lock,the design of fully lined ship-lock,high head delivery system and large-sized miter gates and hoists is very challenging due to high operation head,complicated delivery conditions and building in deep excavated rock.The preferred solutions,optimal schemes and technical measures for various structures,as well as the innovation achievements proved by practice are highlighted.     

关于钢水质量窄窗口稳定控制的思考

In order to promote the intelligent transformation and upgrading of the steel industry, intelligent technology features based on the current situation and challenges of the steel industry are discussed in this paper. Based on both domestic and global research, functional analysis, reasonable positioning, and process optimization of each aspect of steel making are expounded. The current state of molten steel quality and implementation under narrow window control is analyzed. A method for maintaining stability in the narrow window control technology of steel quality is proposed, controlled by factors including composition, temperature, time, cleanliness, and consumption (raw material). Important guidance is provided for the future development of a green and intelligent steel manufacturing process.     

面向定制化需求的冷轧产品多目标质量控制方法

To deal with the increasing demand for low-volume customization of the mechanical properties of cold-rolled products, a two-way control method based on mechanical property prediction and process parameter optimization (PPO) has become an effective solution. Aiming at the multi-objective quality control problem of a company’s cold-rolled products, based on industrial production data, we proposed a process parameter design and optimization method that combined multi-objective quality prediction and PPO. This method used the multi-output support vector regression (MSVR) method to simultaneously predict multiple quality indices. The MSVR prediction model was used as the effect verification model of the PPO results. It performed multi-process parameter collaborative design and realized the optimization of production process parameters for customized multi-objective quality requirements. The experimental results showed that, compared with the traditional single-objective quality prediction model based on support vector regression (SVR), the multi-objective prediction model could better take into account the coupling effect between process parameters and quality index, the MSVR model prediction accuracy was higher than that of the SVR, and the optimized process parameters were more capable and reflected the influence of metallurgical mechanism on the quality index, which were more in line with actual production process requirements.     

那比水电站大坝碾压混凝土质量控制

在那比水电站的施工阶段，为保证大坝碾压混凝土的质量，以工艺试验为基础，严格控制原材料的品质和混凝土的配合比．并实施了有效的施工过程各工序的质量控制。试验结果表明，那比水电站大坝碾压混凝土各项性能指标均能满足设计要求。本文所介绍的大坝碾压混凝土质量控制的方法和要点，可为类似工程提供参考。     

碾压混凝土坝施工质量实时动态监控系统

大体积碾压混凝土坝施工质量的控制一直是关键技术问题．为满足大体积碾压混凝土坝碾压填筑施工质量管理的需要,在分析了常规现场检测法的局限性的基础上,借鉴GPS实时监控系统在堆石坝填筑施工质量控制中的成功经验,分析和设计了一套适合大体积碾压混凝土施工质量实时动态高精度监控系统,用来在施工过程中实时监控大体积碾压混凝土坝的施工质量,从而达到全面控制施工质量,进行全过程现场质量监控,满足工程高质量、高强度和快速施工的要求．     

基于t分布烟花算法的土石坝碾压参数多目标优化

通过碾压正交试验,在定量分析碾压参数对土石坝料压实质量影响的基础上,建立综合考虑土石坝施工效率、压实密度和质量保证的碾压参数多目标优化模型,提出用于求解该优化模型的t分布变异烟花算法,以确定经济合理的碾压参数。该算法可以减小开展碾压试验的工作量,有助于寻得合理的碾压参数组合方案。工程实例分析表明,改进烟花算法相较传统优化算法收敛速度更快,寻优效率和稳定性更好;采用改进烟花算法优化的碾压参数,堆石坝料的压实密度和孔隙率均满足设计要求。     

RCC重力坝防渗体温度场的三维有限元浮动网格法仿真分析

利用三维有限元浮动网格法，对采用不同厚度的常态混凝土、二级配碾压混凝土、变态混凝土防渗结构的碾压混凝土坝温度场进行了仿真计算。结果表明，不同形态的混凝土防渗结构对碾压混凝土坝体温度场的影响不大；而防渗体厚度对其自身温度的影响较大，防渗体厚度过大或过小，都对其温控不利；对三级配碾压混凝土坝采用二级配碾压混凝土中等厚度(D=3m)的防渗体已能满足温控要求。     

寒潮引起的碾压混凝土坝温度应力计算

用三维有限元仿真分析方法, 研究了寒潮引起的碾压混凝土坝温度应力的分布规律, 并提出了避免产生表面裂缝的保护标准以及适宜的保护措施。该研究对碾压混凝土坝的工程施工具有实际参考价值。     

泽城水电站枢纽坝型比较与选择

拟定了混凝土面板堆石坝和碾压混凝土重力坝两种坝型,通过对坝址区地形、地质争件、筑坝材料、施工条件、主要工程量和总投资方面的综合比较,最终选定基本坝型为混凝土面板堆石坝.     

戎家庄水库坝型比选

通过对戎家庄水库工程地理位置及工程地质的分析,比较了碾压混凝土重力坝和混凝土面板堆石坝两种坝型,推荐采用碾压混凝土重力坝.     

辗压混凝土筑坝技术

辗压混凝土坝是近几年由美、日等国发展起来的一项混凝土筑坝新技术。本文对辗压坝混凝土（简称ＲＣＤ混凝土）的筑坝技术特点、混凝土的特性、配合比设计、施工工艺等方面的研究成果作综合阐述．以推进此项新技术在我国坝工建设中的应用．     

整体碾压混凝土拱坝工艺及温度场仿真计算

选用了整体碾压混凝土（ＲＣＣ）拱坝的可行施工工艺，提供了混凝土坝施工期到运行期温度场的仿真计算方法和温度信息处理方法。利用我国某碾压混凝土坝的现场实测结果，对温度计算值及变化进行了验证，结果良好。数值计算用来预测我国拟建的某碾压混凝土拱坝从施工开始到长时间运行的仿真温度变化。仿真计算表明工艺对施工期温度变化影响大，对由施工末期到运行期温降值也影响较大。根据温度场的变化规律选择了碾压混凝土拱坝合理的施工工艺。