基于压裂废水处理的三元两性聚合物絮凝剂的合成及性能

利用一种新的阳离子单体3-丙烯酰氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(AHPTAC)与丙烯酰胺(AM)和2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)通过水溶液聚合得到一种三元两性共聚物絮凝剂P(AM-AHPTAC-AMPS)(PAAA),将PAAA与聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)复配用于处理两种压裂废水,并比较评价其与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)的絮凝性能。结果表明:合成PAAA的最适宜条件为AM、AHPTAC和AMPS的物质的量之比为1∶3∶2、单体总用量占反应体系的质量比为20%、复合引发剂VA-044与(NH 4)2S 2O 8-NaHSO 3质量比为1∶1、复合引发剂用量占反应体系的质量比为0.2%、反应温度为55℃;PAAA/PAFC复合絮凝剂具有较好的絮凝性能,对胜利孤岛压裂废水及涪陵页岩气压裂废水的COD Cr去除率分别为55.5%和82.7%;对水溶性有机污染物质含量高的废水去除效果更优,COD Cr去除率比CPAM/PAFC提高26%。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂P(AM-DAC)的制备及应用

选用紫外光引发水溶液聚合法,研究了以丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(P(AM-DAC))的优化光引发聚合条件,最后选取制备出的不同分子量P(AM-DAC)为考察对象,考察了对市政污泥脱水效率的影响;结果表明:较优工艺条件为光引发剂用量为0.50%,单体质量分数为30%,阳离子度为40%,助剂用量为0.40%,反应体系p H值为5.0,可获得相对分子质量达1 020万的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺胶体;当分子量1 020万的P(AM-DAC)投加0.5 g·kg-1时,污泥脱水后滤饼含水率、滤液余浊最低分别为65.9%、4.52NTU。     

含聚氧乙烯支链阳离子聚丙烯酰胺微粒的合成

采用反相微乳液共聚合法合成了粒径40－90nm、多分散系数0．5600．65的含聚氧乙烯支链交联阳离子聚丙烯酰胺内米微粒，透射电子显微镜观测表明该微粒具有球状结构。FTIR谱和^13CNMR谱的测试结果证明所合成的微粒是由丙烯酰胺、聚氧乙烯大单体、丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵和N，N′－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺4种链节所组成，而且各链节的比例与原料配比基本相同。     

阳离子淀粉改性絮凝剂的合成及性能评价

以过硫酸铵/亚硫酸氢钠为引发体系,合成阳离子淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺、二烯丙基二甲基氯化胺(DADMAC)絮凝剂;采用正交试验确定淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺的最佳反应条件,引进阳离子单体DADMAC,合成一系列阳离子淀粉改性絮凝剂;以大庆油田三元复合驱污水为处理对象,考察阳离子淀粉改性絮凝剂的絮凝性能.结果表明:大庆油田三元复合驱污水适合在弱酸及中性的条件下处理,合适的pH值为6.0～7.0;单体DADMAC与可溶性淀粉质量比为1:9复配的絮凝剂效果最好,其质量浓度为50mg/L时,透光率达95%,对油、聚合物、悬浮物的去除达到了理想的效果.     

对丙烯酰氧基苯甲酸的合成及其铕配合物的发光性能

用丙烯酸、氯化亚砜和对羟基苯甲酸为原料,合成了对丙烯酰氧基苯甲酸(PABA);以对丙烯酰氧基苯甲酸、二苯甲酰甲烷(DBM)为第一配体、邻菲罗啉(phen)为第二配体,合成了可聚合的Eu(PABA)(DBM)_2Phen四元配合物,通过红外光谱(IR)、紫外光谱(UV)、元素分析和~1H NMR对配体和配合物进行了表征。荧光光谱强度表明,对丙烯酰氧基苯甲酸(PABA)有利于Eu(PABA)(DBM)_2Phen四元配合物的光致发光。     

含β-环糊精液晶聚合物的合成与性能

将修饰的β-环糊精衍生物单-(6-丙烯酰乙二氨基-6-去氧)-β-环糊精二十乙酸酯(M1)作为手性单体,4-十一烯酰氧基苯甲酰氧基-4’-乙氧基苯甲酰氧基对联苯酚双酯(M2)作为液晶单体,与聚甲基含氢硅氧烷接枝共聚,得到含β-环糊精基元的液晶聚合物P1～P7.通过FT-IR,1H NMR,DSC,POM,TGA,XRD,旋光分析等手段对所获单体及聚合物的结构、相行为等性能进行了表征与测试.结果表明,单体M1为非液晶手性单体,其比旋光度为+95.30,单体M2呈现向列相的丝状织构,聚合物P1～P7均有液晶性,它们的热稳定性良好,热失重5%时的温度均在300℃左右,随着手性单体M1含量的增加,聚合物的液晶区间变窄,比旋光度值增加.     

反相乳液聚合法制备阳离子型高分子絮凝剂Poly(DAC-AM)

以丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,通过反相乳液聚合技术,合成阳离子高分子聚合物乳液.讨论了引发剂种类、乳化剂种类、单体浓度及配比、油水体积比等因素对共聚产物的特性黏度和体系稳定性能的影响,确定了最佳反应条件.在单体物质的量比为2∶3,油水体积比为1∶1.2,引发剂为氧化-还原引发剂或高效水溶性引发剂的条件下,得到了溶解迅速且絮凝效果好的产品.并对产物进行了红外分析.     

油田用絮凝剂PADA的合成及絮凝性能研究

采用复合引发体系,水溶液自由基聚合制备了聚丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酸(Poly-AM-DMDAAC-AA,简称PADA).通过正交试验法研究了合成条件对絮凝性能的影响.当聚合温度为40℃、反应时间为6h、nAA∶nAM∶nDMDAAC=1∶2∶1、ω(AIBN)=0.025‰时所合成的PADA絮凝效果最好.通过红外分析证明得到了预期的目标产物.考察了PADA作为助凝剂对模拟三元复合驱油田采出污水的絮凝效果.实验结果表明:絮凝温度为50℃,PADA与PAC复配絮凝效果最佳,最佳加剂量为10mg·L-1,污水处理后透光率最高可达到94.1%,是一种性能优异的助凝剂.     

耐电导聚丙烯酰胺的制备及其作为纸张增强剂的应用

以丙烯酰胺、阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、阴离子单体衣康酸、活性单体羟甲基丙烯酰胺、交联单体三烯丙基异三聚氰酸酯为原料,采用水溶液聚合和接枝反应制备工艺,制得中等分子量、低粘度的活性两性聚丙烯酰胺(TX-02)。根据国内造纸浆料现状,选用废纸浆料进行应用研究。实验结果表明,在电导2 000～2 500μs/cm的条件下,当TX-02干添加量为浆料的0.9%时,其能提高纸张耐破强度21%,提升浆料的滤水性能33%,增强纸张内结合力36%,填料助留率上升了10%。     

钛铁双金属有机化合物的合成和性能研究

从二茂铁和二氯二茂钛发现以来。对其衍生物的研究极为广泛,但是钛铁双金属有机衍生物的报导极少。本文合成了一种新的二茂佚衍生物和六种钛铁双金属有机衍生物,即:3—羧基双环[2,2,1]庚—5—烯—2—甲酰基二茂铁(I),3—(1—二茂铁甲酰基)双环[2,2,1]庚—5—烯—2—甲酰氧基—氯二茂钛(Ⅱ),1—二茂铁甲酰氧基—氯二茂钛(Ⅲ),二—(1—二茂铁甲酰氧基)二茂钛(Ⅳ),1—二茂铁甲酰丙酰氧基—氯二茂钛(Ⅴ),二(1—二茂铁甲酰丙酰氧基)二茂钛(Ⅵ),1,1′—二茂铁基二甲酰丙酰氧基二茂钛(Ⅷ)。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.