复合相变储能砂浆的制备及其性能研究

以工业石蜡为相变芯材,通过真空吸附法和硅酸钙外壳封装法制备石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩复合相变材料和复合相变储能砂浆.利用SEM和差示扫描量热法分析了石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩相变材料的形貌和蓄热能力,测试了复合相变储能砂浆的抗压强度、干表观密度、导热系数和三维条件下材料温度时间响应关系.结果表明,经硅酸钙外壳封装后石蜡/膨胀珍珠岩相变材料中石蜡的含量约为55.47%时,相变温度和相变潜热分别为35.59℃和96.77J/g;复合相变储能砂浆的28d抗压强度,干表观密度和导热系数分别为8.0MPa,1 678kg/m~3和0.46W·m~(-1)·K~(-1),在外界温度变化时,复合相变储能砂浆相对于传统砂浆材料具有升温和降温速度变化平缓,可用作保温砂浆.     

癸酸-棕榈酸/膨胀珍珠岩定型相变材料的制备与热性能

采用真空浸润法制备一种定型复合相变材料,其中癸酸(CA)和棕榈酸(PA)低共熔物为相变工作物质,膨胀珍珠岩(EP)为载体材料。通过FT-IR、SEM、DSC和TG等手段研究定型相变材料的化学稳定性、微观结构、热性能和热稳定性。结果表明:CA-PA合金通过物理结合被均匀地吸附在膨胀珍珠岩的孔道中。膨胀珍珠岩吸附CA-PA合金的最佳质量分数为55%,熔融潜热、凝固潜热分别为81.5、79.7J/g,对应的熔融温度、凝固温度分别为27.9、19.1℃。冷热循环1 000次后,CA-PA/EP定型复合相变材料的热性能基本不变,具有很好的稳定性。     

石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料控温电子散热器的性能

为了提高电子器件抗热冲击的能力、保证电子器件运行的可靠性和稳定性,以石蜡为相变储能材料、膨胀石墨为支撑材料,采用物理吸附法制备石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料,将其应用于电子器件的热管理中,并通过模拟芯片实验研究了石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料控温电子散热器的性能.结果表明:石蜡质量分数为90%的复合相变材料的导热系数相比于纯石蜡(0.3608 W/(m.K))提高了约4倍;相变材料填充于散热器中,可有效降低模拟芯片的升、降温速率,延长散热器的控温时间;当芯片发热功率为15和20W时,散热器填充复合相变材料后的控温时间较填充前分别提升了59%和20%,可降低电子器件因温度瞬间升高而烧坏的可能性,实现对电子器件的保护.     

石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的结构与热性能

以有机物石蜡为相变材料、膨胀石墨为支撑结构，利用膨胀石墨的多孔吸附特性，制备出了石蜡含量分别为50％（质量分数，下同），60％，70％和80％的石蜡／膨胀石墨复合相变储热材料．采用扫描电镜（SEM）和差示扫描量热分析（DSC）对复合相变储热材料的结构和热性能进行了表征．结果表明：膨胀石墨吸附石蜡后仍然保持了原来疏松多孔的蠕虫状形态，石蜡被膨胀石墨微孔所吸附；复合相变储热材料的相变温度与石蜡相似，其相变潜热与基于复合材料中石蜡含量的潜热计算值相当．储（放）热性能测试结果表明，含80％石蜡的复合相变储热材料其储热时间比石蜡减少69．7％，放热时间减少80．2％．     

脂肪酸/膨胀珍珠岩复合相变材料的制备与性能表征

选择月桂酸(LA)、肉豆蔻酸(MA)、棕榈酸(PA)作为储能材料制备三元脂肪酸低共熔物(LA-MA-PA),利用理论估算公式得到LA-MA-PA的组成比例和热性能参数。采用真空吸附法将不同质量的液态LA-MA-PA封装于膨胀珍珠岩(EP)的孔隙内制备出月桂酸-肉豆蔻酸-棕榈酸/膨胀珍珠岩复合相变材料(LA-MA-PA/EP),然后利用渗出圈法确定膨胀珍珠岩对于三元脂肪酸的最大担载量。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热分析仪(TG)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等对LA-MA-PA/EP的微观结构、化学稳定性、热稳定性和热性能进行了表征。结果表明:复合相变材料中LA-MA-PA和EP质量比为2∶1时达到最大负载量,且脂肪酸能均匀密实地分布于EP的孔隙中;EP担载材料与相变材料LA-MA-PA之间无化学反应;LA-MA-PA/EP的相变温度和相变潜热分别为30.4℃和103.6 J/g,适合应用于夏季炎热地区的建筑领域;将LA-MA-PA/EP应用于建筑围护结构中,在其工作温度领域质量损失率低,具有较好的热稳定性。     

储能墙板用癸酸-硬脂酸/膨胀珍珠岩定型复合相变材料的制备与表征

采用真空吸附法将液态的癸酸-硬脂酸(CA-SA)二元共晶相变材料封装入多孔膨胀珍珠岩(EP)中,制备颗粒定型复合相变材料CA-SA/EP,并以石膏为无机基体研制储能墙板。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、多路温度测试仪和热扩散系数测试仪表征材料的性能。结果表明:以质量比4∶1的CA-SA二元共晶相变材料在EP复合相变材料中的最佳吸附质量分数为75%,且在EP的多孔网络结构中均匀分布,复合过程中CA-SA二元共晶相变材料与EP间不发生化学反应,没有新产物形成;CA-SA/EP颗粒定型复合相变材料的相变温度和相变潜热分别为20.7℃和120.4 J/g,500次热循环后,颗粒定型复合相变材料的热性能基本不变。     

相变膨胀珍珠岩制备工艺及相变控温砂浆性能

根据低共熔相变点理论计算结果,制备月桂酸-肉豆蔻酸二元低共熔脂肪酸相变材料,以膨胀珍珠岩为无机载体,采用高温真空浸渍法制备相变骨料,并对其进行包裹,确定最佳包裹材料及掺量.通过场发射扫描电镜观测相变骨料切割截面,脂肪酸经吸附进入多孔颗粒内部,并黏附于珍珠岩孔隙内壁,经石蜡包裹后脂肪酸相变材料较稳定地处于石蜡与膨胀珍珠岩内壁包围的孔空间内.利用相变骨料制备相变控温砂浆,测试其物理力学性能及热性能.结果表明:相变珍珠岩砂浆板物理力学性能达到建筑保温砂浆标准要求,且具有较好的控温效果,随着脂肪酸掺量的增加,有效热量值降低越多,温度延时越长,降温幅度越大.     

膨胀石墨微结构表征及其储能复合材料的制备

以膨胀石墨为吸附介质,制备新型的相变储能复合材料.对膨胀石墨的制备及微结构的表征、有机相变材料的热物理性能测试、复合相变材料的制备及其储(放)热性能的测试等进行了试验.试验结果表明,可膨胀石墨在600 w微波输出功率下处理10～15 s后,可以制得具有良好吸附性能的膨胀石墨材料.电镜观测和压汞分析都显示,膨胀石墨具有丰富的孔隙结构,孔隙尺寸以微米级为主.由于膨胀石墨为非极性材料,且具有多孔性质,很容易吸附有机相变材料,其最佳的吸附比例为12.5 mL/g.进行吸附处理后所制得的相变储能复合材料,具有明显的储能效应,能够起到调节环境温度的作用,同时根据上述特点可以达到将能量在不同的时间和空间进行转换的目的.     

相变储能骨料和硅粉掺量对混凝土抗压强度影响的试验与分析

以膨胀珍珠岩作为基体材料吸附硬脂酸丁酯制备相变储能骨料。对掺加不同掺量的相变储能骨料和硅粉的混凝土进行了抗压性能试验研究。试验结果表明,相变储能骨料的掺加会导致混凝土的抗压强度降低,当掺量为10%时,抗压强度的降低幅度在10%的范围内。硅粉的掺加能够提高混凝土的抗压强度,掺量在5%~10%时,抗压强度至少提高22%。相变储能骨料和硅粉复合掺加时,相变储能骨料掺量为20%,硅粉掺量为5%时效果最好,抗压强度与素混凝土的基本相同。     

相变储能混凝土的动态冲击压缩试验与分析

采用变截面霍普金森压杆试验装置,对相变储能混凝土进行动态冲击压缩试验。相变储能骨料以膨胀珍珠岩为基体材料吸附硬脂酸丁酯制备而成的。对不同掺量的相变储能骨料与硅粉的混凝土进行动态冲击压缩试验。试验结果表明,相变储能骨料的掺加对混凝土的动态抗压强度会产生不利影响,随着掺量的增大相变储能混凝土的动态抗压强度逐渐降低;而硅粉能够提高混凝土的动态抗压强度,掺量在10%~15%之间效果最佳。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.