新型泡沫调剖剂的室内研究与评价

由于泡沫具有对高含水层和高渗透带的选择性封堵及提高驱油效率的作用，因此可以利用向厚油层中注泡沫的方法来控制厚油层水窜，挖潜厚油层中的剩余油。本文通过室内实验，综合泡沫剂的发泡体积、泡沫半衰期、与现场污水的配伍性等方面为基础研制开发出了一种可满足地层温度低于55℃、矿化度小于8000mg/l、含油饱和度小于20%的油藏使用的性能优良的调剖堵水泡沫剂，并对其在不同温度、不同地层水矿化度和不同含油饱合度下进行了调剖性能评价。     

不同含油饱和度时泡沫的稳定性及调驱机理研究

利用搅拌起泡法研究了含油饱和度对于泡沫稳定性的关系,利用微观玻璃模型研究了不同含油饱和度时泡沫的调驱机理,利用双管并联填砂岩心模型评价了不同含油饱和度时的调剖效果。结果表明:含油饱和度对泡沫稳定性有明显影响,含油饱和度0.05~0.2区间内,泡沫稳定性缓慢降低,含油饱和度0.2~0.4区间内,泡沫稳定性快速降低,含油饱和度0.4~0.6以上区间内泡沫稳定性缓慢降至较低水平;微观玻璃模型驱替实验表明,含油饱和度在0.4~0.6区间内泡沫不能稳定存在,泡沫依靠泡沫剂溶液的洗油作用提高采收率,0.05~0.2区间内泡沫稳定性较好,主要依靠气泡的调堵作用提高采收率,0.2~0.4区间内调堵作用和洗油作用协同;含油饱和度对于泡沫的调剖效果有显著影响,在实验条件下,含油饱和度在0.1~0.3区间内,驱替压差可达1.2 MPa,泡沫调剖作用显著,在0.3~0.6区间内,驱替压差逐渐降至0.3 MPa,调剖效果不理想,含油饱和度大于0.6,驱替压差低于0.2 MPa,泡沫失去调剖作用。     

耐高温高效泡沫体系TH-1的研制及应用

针对胜利油田稠油油藏多轮次吞吐后期蒸汽汽窜、指进及重力超覆的矛盾 ,进行了高温泡沫封堵调剖技术研究 .主要包括高温泡沫剂配方的筛选及其高温封堵调剖剂性能评价 ,并对气液比、Na Cl含量、泡沫体系浓度对发泡的影响进行了研究 .研究结果表明 ,所研制的泡沫体系在 2 5 0℃ ,阻力因子≥ 1 5 .0时 ,对蒸汽调剖具有良好的封堵调剖性能 .该体系在胜利油田注蒸汽吞吐井应用中取得了良好的效果 .     

孤岛油田冻胶型深部调剖剂实验研究

孤岛油田聚合物驱后恢复水驱,含水率迅速上升,油井很快水淹.针对孤岛油田地层温度70℃,地层水矿化度5 004 mg/L的条件,为其研究了聚合物驱后深部调剖剂,并对其配方、性能、组合优化、用量优化和注入方式和时机进行了考察.研究发现:调剖剂的交联时间可以控制,冻胶体系成冻时间从1~20 d可调,成冻后强度高.聚合物驱后,为使组合调剖剂能进入深部高渗透层,必须按照先弱后强的顺序注入组合调剖剂.深部调剖剂的用量存在最优值,驱替实验中,用量为0.1Vp时,采收率增幅最大,产出投入比最大.注入相同量深部调剖剂,越早注入,所得的最终采收率会越高.     

基于模糊评判的氮气泡沫调剖选井选层研究

针对稠油油藏氮气泡沫调剖技术选井选层困难的问题,结合已实施氮气泡沫调剖井的生产效果和油藏数值模拟计算结果,基于模糊综合评判理论,建立了氮气泡沫调剖效果预测模型,并在此基础上分析了油藏非均质性、原油黏度、油层厚度、可采储量的采出率、距油水边界距离等因素对氮气泡沫调剖效果的影响规律,总结出了适合氮气泡沫调剖的油藏条件:渗透率级差小于4,原油黏度小于40 000 mPa·s,油层厚度在4～12 m,措施时机为多轮次吞吐中后期,距离油水边界300～500 m.现场实施效果表明,该方法提高了氮气泡沫调剖技术的针对性和有效性,有效地改善了稠油油藏中高轮次蒸汽吞吐的效果.     

高温泡沫剂流变性能及泡沫机理研究

本文针对高温泡沫剂在100℃以上条件下性能测试难度高、设备专一性强、操作复杂的问题,利用流变学方法,对高温条件下,不同剪切速率下的泡沫剂及泡沫体系分别进行了研究.通过对其剪切黏度的比较,从而对泡沫剂在100℃以上高温条件下的泡沫性能、注入性能和调堵性能进行了有效评估,为高温泡沫体系的性能评价提供了一种新的思路.在上述研究的基础上,本文还利用分子动力学模拟方法对高温泡沫剂形成、稳定泡沫的机理进行了探讨.     

新型调剖技术改善稠油油藏中后期吞吐效果的研究与应用

针对冷家堡油田冷42块深层特稠油油藏高轮次吞吐后井间汽窜、地层返排能力差等开发矛盾,采用了一种新型的高温调剖技术,即氮气 泡沫凝胶调剖技术,泡沫凝胶调剖剂性能指标:①发泡剂耐温330℃;②泡沫阻力因子≥15;③封堵率≥95%,2007年在冷42块油层动用程度高,汽窜较严重区域选择实施了7口井,在抑制汽窜,改善油层吸汽剖面,提高油井吞吐效果方面取得了成功。表明了这种新型的高温调剖技术是改善稠油吞吐中后期汽窜和油层动用不均,开发效果差的有效工艺。     

一种调剖剂的合成与性能评价

河南油田某区块地层温度异常、矿化度高,常规调剖剂所用的聚丙烯酰胺容易分解使得调剖效果差,调剖后的吸水剖面均质性不好。为了提高调剖效果,开展了新型调剖剂的研制。实验选用疏水缔合聚合物代替聚丙烯酰胺合成了一种调剖剂,并模拟油藏实际环境对其开展了调剖剂性能的室内实验评价。确定最佳的配方为:缔合聚合物的浓度是3 500—4 000mg/L的范围,调剖交联体系为:乌洛托品0.07%、苯酚0.07%、以及间苯二酚0.02%。最后对合成的调剖剂的稳定性进行了测定。实验发现,疏水聚合物的稳定性好,老化120 d后的黏度保留率很高,适合高温高矿化度油田调剖堵水。     

油田开发中高温泡沫调剖技术研究

油田开发中高温泡沫调剖主要应用耐高温表面活性剂与氮气在高温下产生的气体在油层中共同作用,形成泡沫。虽然氮气泡沫调剖在许多油田已经取得较好的效果,但是其技术施工工艺复杂、车组庞大、时间长、成本高。为了简化施工工艺、降低生产成本,新型的蒸汽增效剂(地下自生非凝析气+泡沫剂)。主剂是在高温下能够分解产气的物质,气体的膨胀能够产生附加驱动能量,强化回采;气体和泡沫剂能够生成泡沫,对大孔道或汽窜通道具有一定的封堵作用,即扩大了蒸汽的波及体积。     

SiO_2纳米颗粒稳定的泡沫体系驱油性能研究

利用Warning Blender方法测定SiO2+SDS泡沫体系的泡沫性能,确定SiO2纳米颗粒的最佳使用浓度,并研究不同温度和矿化度对泡沫性能的影响。利用岩心驱替实验装置对比SDS和SiO2+SDS两种不同泡沫体系对岩心的封堵、调剖和驱油性能。利用微观可视化玻璃刻蚀模型,对比水驱、SDS泡沫体系以及SiO2+SDS泡沫体系对盲端油的驱替效果。室内实验结果表明,SiO2+SDS泡沫体系比单一SDS泡沫体系具有更强的稳定性,能够明显提高泡沫的封堵、调剖及驱油能力,增加盲端油的驱替效果。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to