鸡激素性股骨头缺血性坏死动物模型的建立

本文报道肌肉注射大剂量甲基氢化泼尼松６－１８周,引起鸡的股骨头缺血性坏死,包括骨髓水肿、造血细胞减少,脂肪细胞肥大,大量空骨细胞陷窝, 上骨折塌陷主坏死反修复反应。结果表明双下肢负重鸡,其病理变化比较接近人类,死亡率低,制作激素 骨头缺血性坏死动物模型比用家兔更为理想。     

Osseointegration of hollow porous titanium prostheses loaded with cancellous bone matrix in rabbits

This study aimed to observe the osseointegration of hollow porous titanium prostheses (HPTP) loaded with cancellous bone matrix (CBM) in rabbits using histological and biomechanical perspectives.Experimental samples were implanted into the lateral femoral condyles of 66 New Zealand rabbits,allocated into the following groups:non-porous prosthesis group (Group A,n=22);HPTP group (Group B,n=22);HPTP+CBM group (Group C,n=22).The rabbits were sacrificed at 3,8 and 12 weeks,postoperatively.X-ray analyses,microscopy techniques and morphological measurement software and mechanical tests were used for evaluation.At each time point,the tissues surrounding the implants were similar in all of the groups,with bony in-growth into the 2-mm round holes observed for the defects in Groups B and C.However,the internal bone formation was significantly better in Group C than in Group B at different time points (P<0.01).Biomechanically,the pull-out forces were significantly greater in Groups B and C than in Group A (P<0.01),with no difference between Groups B and C (P>0.05).These results suggest that bone can grow into the cavities of HPTP to achieve more stable locking fixation,and those osteogenic materials,such as CBM,can enhance osteogenesis to achieve better osseointegration between the implant and the host bone.     

三维重建和体积测量法预测股骨头坏死的塌陷

目前尚没有统一的确定股骨头坏死病灶的大小和部位的方法,导致对股骨头坏死的治疗方案存在争议。该文利用三维重建技术对坏死股骨头的M R I影像进行重构,获得坏死股骨头的三维几何模型,并由几何模型测量得到股骨头及坏死病灶的体积,同时进行临床实验获得真实坏死股骨头的体积数据。通过对38髋病人股骨头的计算机几何模型数据与临床实验数据的统计分析,讨论了股骨头坏死病灶大小和部位与股骨头塌陷的关系。结果表明,该方法可用于指导选择最佳的临床治疗方案。     

壮骨片治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的实验研究

目的:研究中药制剂壮骨片治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的机理.方法:用狗和家兔为研究对象,将8只狗分为2组,一组为壮骨片高剂量组,另一组为壮骨片低剂量组.测定其股动脉血流量和血管阻力.将50只家兔分为5组,每组10只,即高剂量组,低剂量组、丹参壮骨组、空白对照组、正常对照组.于灌胃后分别测定其骨内压、血浆脂质过氧化物(LPO)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、股骨头光镜及电镜等.结果:壮骨片能增加股动脉血流量,降低血管阻力,降低股骨头内骨内压、降低氧自由基含量,减少股骨头内空缺骨陷窝的数目.结论:壮骨片能明显改善股骨头的血液供给,降低骨内压,改善微循环,修复骨坏死.     

DEX1, a plasma membrane-localized protein, functions in microspore development by affecting CalS5 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana

Microsporogenesis in flowering plants plays important roles in sexual reproduction. It has been reported that DEFECTIVE IN EXINE FORMATION1 (DEX1) is essential for exine pattern formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the functions of DEX1 in regulating microspore development are largely not understood. In this study, we show that DEX1 is strongly expressed in the tapetum by using RNA in situ hybridization. dex1 microspores were degenerated and aborted after release from the tetrads. The callose wall in tetrads was thinner in the dex1 mutant than in the wild type, suggesting that DEX1 affects callose formation at the tetrad stage during anther development. RT-PCR and real-time PCR analyses showed that CalS5, which plays an important role in callose synthesis during microspore development, was greatly down-regulated in dex1 plants. DEX1 encodes a membrane protein with one transmembrane domain, one intracellular domain and one extracellular domain. Collectively, our results demonstrate that DEX1 is essential for microspore development, possibly by regulating the expression of CalS5.     

Effects of angiotensin II on connexin 43 of VSMCs in arteriosclerosis

Objective: To observe the effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on expression of gap junction channel protein connexin 43 (Cx43) in the proliferation process of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during the early stage of arteriosclerosis. Methods: Thirty-two adult male rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. Rabbits in Group A were fed common diet while others in Groups B, C, and D were fed high-cholesterol diet. Losartan (10 mg/(kg·d)) and ramipril (0.5 mg/(kg·d)) were added in the diet of Groups C and D, respectively. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks and abdominal aortas were removed and dissected. The expression of Cx43 was assayed using RT-PCR and Western Blotting analysis. Results: Cx43 was increased markedly in both protein and mRNA level in Groups B, C, and D fed high-cholesterol diet compared with that in control group (P<0.01). Cx43 level in losartan or ramipril treated groups was higher than that in control group (P<0.01, P<0.05), but lower than that in high-cholesterol diet groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: Cx43 level was upregulated in VSMCs during early atherosclerosis. Losartan and ramipril can inhibit the expression of Cx43.     

参附注射液对新西兰兔心脏骤停心肺复苏后心肌组织超微结构的影响

目的研究参附注射液对新西兰兔心搏骤停心肺复苏后心肌组织超微结构的影响,评价其对复苏后心肌组织的保护作用。方法采用窒息法制作新西兰兔心肺复苏模型,24只新西兰兔随机分为参附注射液组（A组）、正常复苏组（B组）、假手术模型组（C组）。A组在复苏后予静脉参附注射液2.1 mL/kg（生理盐水稀释至5mL）,B组予生理盐水5 ...     

Total thyroidectomy is safer with identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve

Objective： To investigate the effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve （RLN） identification on the complications after total thyroidectomy and lobectomy. Methods： Total 134 consecutive patients undergoing total thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy from January 2003 to November 2004 were investigated retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups： RLN identified （Group A） or not （Group B）. The two groups were compared for RLN injury and hypocalcaemia. Results： The numbers of patients and nerves at risk were 71 and 129 in Group A, and 63 and 121 in Group B, respectively, RLN injury in Group A （0） was significantly lower than that in Group B （5 [7.9%]） patients, 7 [5.8%] nerves） for the numbers of patients （P=0.016） and nerves at risk （P=0.006）. Temporary hypocalcaemia was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B （14 [24.1%] vs 6 [ 10.3%], P=0.049）, Permanent complications in Group B were significantly higher than those in Group A （13 [20.6%] vs 4 [5.6%], P=0.009）. Conclusion： RLN injury was prevented and permanent complications were decreased by identifying the whole course and branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during total thyroidectomy,     

凝胶化改性壳聚糖膜预防感染性腹膜粘连的对比研究

目的对比研究凝胶化改性壳聚糖膜和透明质酸钠对感染性腹膜粘连的预防作用。方法SD大鼠80只,随机分成四组:假手术对照组(A组),感染对照组(B组),凝胶化改性壳聚糖膜组(C组),透明质酸钠组(D组)。利用大鼠蚓突盲端制造感染性腹膜粘连模型,然后每组分别用相应的方法处理污染面,处理后2、4周打开腹腔,以Bha-tia分级法评定蚓突盲端的粘连程度,并对盲端组织行羟脯胺酸(OHP)水平测定和病理学检查。结果术后2周和4周,C组的粘连程度显著轻于B组(P=0.000),OHP水平显著低于B组(P=0.000);D组的粘连程度、OHP水平和B组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。病理学检查:B组术后2周局部组织以急性化脓性炎症为主,4周时以肉芽组织增生和纤维组织形成的慢性炎症反应为主;C、D组的病理改变类型同B组相同,但C组的上述改变较B组明显减轻,而D组和B组间则无明显差异。结论凝胶化改性壳聚糖膜具有明显的预防感染性腹膜粘连的作用,而透明质酸钠的作用则不明显。     

中草药保健剂“鸡食乐”对雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响研究

本研究将健康1日龄京白雏鸡100只随机均分为试验组和对照组.试验组饮水中添加“鸡食乐”煎汁,使饮水药液浓度为1%让鸡自由饮用;对照组饮水中不添加任何药物.饲养至7周龄,各组取15只采血测试红细胞免疫功能.结果,试验组、对照组红细胞C_(3b)受体花环形成率(E-C_(3b)R)分别为13.4±1.51%、10.6±1.25%,组间差异极显著(P<0.01),红细胞免疫复合物花环形成率(E—IC)分别为5.4±1.51%、4.7±1.34%,组间差异不显著(P>0.05),红细胞C_(3b)受体花环促进率(RFER)分别为55.5±10.8%、38.3±10.7%,组间差异极显著(P<0.01);红细胞C_(3b)受体花环抑制(RFIR)分别为17.4±3.4%、17.7±3.8%,组间差异不显著(P>0.05).     

8周头低位强腹式呼吸训练对女大学生心脏功能的干预影响

[目的]通过8周头低位强腹式呼吸训练的干预影响,探索女大学生的心脏功能变化特征,试图为相关测试、实验与训练提供理论与实践依据。[方法]选择来自某大学体育学院运动康复班女大学生23人参与实验,将其随机分为实验组与对照组,其中实验组12人,对照组11人,实验组受试者进行头低位强腹式呼吸训练,训练时间为8周,每周3次,每次30 min ,呼吸频率为35次/min ,对照组受试者只进行正常的生活与学习。实验前后期分别选取受试者在直立位、仰卧位和倒立位上的射血分数(EF)、射血距离(ED)、收缩压( SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、每搏输出量(SV)、升主动脉流速(AAV)指标进行检测,通过文献法、实验法与数理统计法开展相关分析与研究。[结果](1)经8周训练以后,实验组心脏功能提升效果非常明显,各指标的提升效果明显优于对照组。实验组之间前后测EF在直立位差异有统计学意义(P=0.013),在仰卧位差异有高度统计学意义( P=0.000) ,在倒立位差异有高度统计学意义(P=0.000);实验组之间前后测SV在直立位差异有统计学意义(P=0.012),在仰卧位差异有高度统计学意义(P=0.006) ,在倒立位差异有高度统计学意义(P=0.001 );实验组之间前后测AAV在直立位差异有统计学意义(P=0.045)。(2)前测实验组女大学生与后测实验组女大学生的ED在倒立位最大,仰卧位次之,直立位最小;前测实验组女大学生与后测实验组女大学生的SBP与DBP在直立位最大,仰卧位次之,倒立位最小;前测实验组女大学生与后测实验组女大学生的SV与AAV在仰卧位最大,倒立位次之,直立位最小。[结论]8周头低位强腹式呼吸训练对女大学生心功能提升效果非常明显,头低位强腹式呼吸训练可作为一种有效锻炼方式来提高女大学生心脏功能。     

血液稀释治疗急性缺血性肾功能衰竭的实验研究

将一例肾切除.另侧肾夹闭肾动、静脉和输尿管2小时造成急性缺血性肾功能衰竭的18只家兔随机平分三组。第Ⅰ组不加治疗,用作对照;第Ⅱ组用低分子右旋糖酐作等容量血液稀释;第Ⅲ组用GBK 液作二倍容量血液稀释。三组动物在同等条件下饲养,观察、比较其血尿素氮含量,无尿时间,尿量变化,存活时间和死后肾组织学改变。结果显示血液稀释有降低急性缺血性肾功能衰竭动物血中尿素氮,缩短动物无尿时间,提高动物存活率和减轻肾缺血造成的肾损害等作用。     

缺血性大鼠腹膜粘连模型的建立

目的研究建立稳定、可靠的缺血性大鼠腹膜粘连模型的方法。方法40只SD大鼠随机分成五组:A组-手术对照组、B组-创伤致粘连组、C组-结扎蚓突动脉致粘连组。其中C组又分成C1组(轻度结扎)、C2组(中度结扎)、C3组(重度结扎组)。B组用手术刀片轻刮大鼠蚓突浆膜面、C组通过结扎蚓突动脉主干来造腹膜粘连。手术后2周再次打开腹腔评定粘连程度,并取局部蚓突组织行病理学检查。结果①粘连程度:A组除1例发生Ⅰ级粘连外,其余7例均未发生粘连;B、C1、C2组间的粘连程度无显著性差异(P>0.05),而C3组的粘连程度显著高于前三组(P<0.05)。②病理学检查:A组蚓突组织未见明显的病理反应;B组蚓突浆膜层有明显的浆液性炎症,并伴有大量的炎性肉芽组织和纤维组织形成;C组病理改变类型同B组相仿,但范围遍及浆膜层至粘膜下层,且C3组的病理改变程度明显重于C1、C2组。结论通过结扎大鼠的蚓突动脉可制得稳定、可靠的缺血性腹膜粘连模型,这为进一步对缺血性腹膜粘连的防治研究提供了实验基础。     

Assessment of volumetric bone mineral density of the femoral neck in postmenopausal women with and without vertebral fractures using quantitative multi-slice CT

Objective: To demonstrate the validity and reliability of volumetric quantitative computed tomography (vQCT) with multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for hip bone mineral density (BMD) measurements, and to compare the differences between the two techniques in discriminating postmenopausal women with osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures from those without. Methods: Ninety subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups based on the BMD values of the lumbar spine and/or the femoral neck by DXA. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of postmenopausal women with BMD changes <−2SD, with and without radiographically confirmed vertebral fracture (n=11 and 33, respectively). Group 3 comprised normal controls with BMD changes ≥−1SD (n=46). Post-MSCT (GE, LightSpeed16) scan reconstructed images of the abdominal-pelvic region, 1.25 mm thick per slice, were processed by OsteoCAD software to calculate the following parameters: volumetric BMD values of trabecular bone (TRAB), cortical bone (CORT), and integral bone (INTGL) of the left femoral neck, femoral neck axis length (NAL), and minimum cross-section area (mCSA). DXA BMD measurements of the lumbar spine (AP-SPINE) and the left femoral neck (NECK) also were performed for each subject. Results: The values of all seven parameters were significantly lower in subjects of Groups 1 and 2 than in normal postmenopausal women (P<0.05, respectively). Comparing Groups 1 and 2, 3D-TRAB and 3D-INTGL were significantly lower in postmenopausal women with vertebral fracture(s) [(109.8±9.61) and (243.3±33.0) mg/cm³, respectively] than in those without [(148.9±7.47) and (285.4±17.8) mg/cm³, respectively] (P<0.05, respectively), but no significant differences were evident in AP-SPINE or NECK BMD. Conclusion: the femoral neck-derived volumetric BMD parameters using vQCT appeared better than the DXA-derived ones in discriminating osteoporotic postmenopausal women with vertebral fractures from those without. vQCT might be useful to evaluate the effect of osteoporotic vertebral fracture status on changes in bone mass in the femoral neck.     

四妙勇安汤抑制动脉粥样硬化易损斑块炎症反应机制

 通过利用复合因素制备兔动脉粥样硬化（AS）易损斑块模型,研究四妙勇安汤对AS易损斑块的影响及作用机制。随机将40只日本大耳白兔分为正常组10只,实验组30只。正常组予普通饲料,实验组利用复合因素制备兔主AS易损斑块模型,8周时实验组随机分为模型组、辛伐组、四妙组,继续予以高脂饮食;各给药组开始给药至24周取材,观察主动脉的病理形态,检测血清MCP-1、ICAM-1、CRP含量和斑块内HSP60、TNF-α、NF-κB表达。结果显示,模型组内膜明显增厚、纤维帽较薄,斑块内有大量脂质沉积和炎症细胞浸润,血清MCP-1、ICAM-1、CRP随时间延长呈上升趋势,主动脉斑块TNF-α、HSP60、NF-κB表达增加。在给药后各时间点四妙组血清MCP-1、ICAM-1水平均低于模型组（P<0.05或P<0.01）,对CRP水平影响不明显。斑块内TNF-α、HSP60、NF-κB阳性面积百分比均低于模型组（P<0.01）,ICAM-1 MRNA表达低于模型组（P<0.01）。由此得出,四妙勇安汤能够稳定AS易损斑块,其作用可能是通过抑制炎症反应实现的。     

空隙中的生长——庄子与芒德勃罗的互读

庄子认为“无”是“道”之本源,“虚”是“道”之禀性,“无”与“虚”蕴藏着勃勃生机。芒德勃罗发现了空集的价值,揭示了自然界虚实相间的生长状态。庄子和芒德勃罗都“以无观有”,认为“无”是“有”潜藏的存在,“无”和“空”是生成万物的根源,在“空隙中生长”是宇宙的常态。芒德勃罗的空集是一种形而下的研究,其指向是现实存在物的实体和空隙合一,是对象性的整体观。庄子之“无”所看重的是人内心世界的空灵,是主客心物合一的非对象性的整体现。     

基于剔除拟合的股骨头修复建模

提出了一种可以获得目标病例健康时股骨头模型的新建模方法.通过CT扫描获得髋骨部位的序列断层图像,利用一种精确的自动分割方法提取图像中的髋臼轮廓.针对髋臼的特殊结构,使用辐条式采样法得到髋臼凹面的空间坐标点集.剔除坐标点集中的误差采样点.采用闭合形式解的最小二乘法拟合原始股骨头球面模型.通过对2例不同坏死程度的男性患者进行修复实验,证明此方法可以良好地还原坏死的股骨头模型,既为骨科临床中的精确手术定位提供了理论模型,又为针对个体化制造的人工假体生产提供了新的实践方法.     

骨质疏松与老年人髋部骨折的关系

目的探讨老年髋部骨折与髋部骨密度（BMD）和股骨近端几何结构的关系。方法老年髋部骨质疏松骨折47例为骨折组,无骨折50例为对照组,测量两组股骨近端骨密度及股骨颈轴长（FNAL）、颈干角（NSA）（髋部骨折组对其健侧进行检测）,比较分析彼此间的相关性。结果老年髋部骨折组与对照组比较股骨近端骨密度明显降低,FNAL长于对照组,NSA较对照组大。结论股骨近端骨密度和FNAL及NSA可以提高对老年髋部骨质疏松骨折危险性的预测。     

颈部风寒湿刺激对实验家兔氧自由基代谢的影响

目的：探讨颈部风寒湿刺激对机体氧自由基的影响。方法：３０只新西兰白兔、随机分为下沉对照组、风寒湿组、低头位组、复合模型组和中药治疗组等５组,每组６只,通过给予风寒湿、低头位刺激,观察受累局部组织和血液中ＳＯＤ、ＬＰＯ的变化,同时探讨芪麝颈康方对上述指标的影响。结果：风寒湿与低位等颈椎病常致病因素可使中出现无菌民生炎症并使受累局部组织和血液中ＳＯＤ、ＬＰＯ出现异常,芪麝颈康方对此有一定作用。结论：氧     

一种新的兔髋关节腔注射给药方法介绍

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