多分流叶栅S_1旋成流面上的气动正命题有限元新解法及试验研究

分流叶栅或串列叶栅的流场计算和试验研究是透平机械S_1流面问題中的一个重要课题。但求解分流叶栅或串列叶栅的气动正命题是比较困难的,主要在于确定准确的出气角和绕分流叶片的环量值或者分流比。本文在用有限元素法求解多分流叶栅或串列叶栅S_1任意旋成流面上的气动正命题时,把绕叶片的环量位作为无节点的自变量进行直接求解,而不是把它作为一个强加边界条件来处理,从而避免了以前为使叶片尾缘满足广义库塔条件所需的迭代过程。计算与实验结果吻合良好。本文还用自编的程序对多分流叶柵进行了多方案的计算,提出了一种气动性能较好的汽轮机高压隔板多分流叶栅设计,并对这种多分流叶栅和带不同加强筋的叶栅进行了静吹风试验,试验结果表明,这种多分流叶栅比原来带加强筋叶栅的流动损失明显下降。     

离心式叶轮机任意旋成面栅后区长度处理

文章揭示了叶轮栅后区长度L_3太长时,会使栅后区出气角β_2无法选择而造成无解的事实;表明在β_2变化的适当范围内,叶型后缘两侧速度差△Λ与β_2之间呈线性关系,而且该线性变化范围随L_3的增长而缩小;获得了随L_3作线性变化的规律。文章最后提出了离心式叶轮机任意旋成面叶栅流场的简单求解方法。     

任意旋成面跨音速叶栅流动的一种高效率解法

提出了任意旋成面叶栅跨音速绕流的一种高效率解法。导出了以Ｖｏｎ Ｍｉｓｓｅｓ 坐标为自变量的任意旋成面叶栅中流动的流线控制方程；简单而有效地处理了速度的双 值问题。用数值方法研究了流面半径和流片厚度随轴向变化对于流动的影响。     

完全用边界元法进行叶轮机械叶栅流场的数值分析

为完全用边界元法来计算叶轮机械平面叶栅的不可压缩流场,本文提出了一种速度势与叶型表面切向流速均采用边界元法来计算的数值方法,取得了良好的结果。     

基于熵产理论的叶栅型线优化设计

将熵产理论引入二维叶栅的优化设计中,提出了一种能够准确量化在任何位置的流场不可逆损失的分析方法.基于热力学第二定律,理论推导了湍流下的流场熵产计算公式,采用涡黏性模型对叶栅流场熵产进行计算,详细讨论了安装角、叶栅稠度、叶型厚度对叶栅性能及流动损失的影响规律.通过B样条曲线完成叶栅参数化建模,并将改进的带精英策略的非支配排序的遗传算法(NSGA2)与计算流体力学(CFD)相耦合,建立一种以最大总压升和最小熵产率为目标的叶栅自动优化方法,进而得到优化叶栅的Pareto解.与初始种群相比,优化叶栅具有更优的气动性能,在总压提高的条件下,流场熵产率减少.     

旋转叶栅粘性流的通用解法

本文提出旋转叶栅粘性流的通用解法,即ξη映象面法.为旋转叶栅的设计及流体动力学计算提供灵活而有效的新方法。     

吸力面翼刀高度对压气机环形叶栅流场的影响

为研究不同高度的吸力面翼刀对压气机环形叶栅流场结构及性能的影响,采用三维定常N-S方程和Realizablek-ε湍流模型,对CDA环形叶栅和同一叶展位置安装的4种不同高度吸力面翼刀的叶栅三维黏性流场进行数值模拟.结果表明:加装吸力面翼刀后,各方案叶栅端壁附近周向压力梯度减小,二次流动得到有效控制.各翼刀方案的叶展中部流动状况均较原型叶栅改善,分离线高度均显著降低.叶栅能量损失系数随吸力面翼刀高度的增加先减小后增大,在计算范围内,吸力面翼刀高度为3.3 mm的方案可较好控制环形叶栅内的二次流动.     

小生境遗传算法在平面叶栅优化设计中的应用

提出了一个基于小生境遗传算法的平面叶栅的优化设计方法。该方法利用奇点分布法设计无厚翼型骨线，然后通过小生境遗传算法使叶栅表面边界层中的流动损失最小化，以此搜索沿骨线最佳的厚度分布规律。已知叶栅的流场分析由一个基于边界元的程序完成。将该方法应用于ZZ440叶栅的设计，结果表明该方法可行且有效。     

端壁边层界抽吸对透平静叶栅二次流影响的数值研究

湿蒸气透平静叶栅的端壁抽吸槽常用来抽除沉积水膜以防止动叶片水蚀，但它也有可能同时用来抽除端壁上边界层以抑制二次流的发展，作者采用有限体积差分法求解了三维稳态时均Ｎ－Ｓ方程组，分析了在叶栅前缘附近进行端壁边界层抽吸对透平静叶栅二次流流场，气流传偏转角及总压损失系数等气动特性参数的影响。计算结果表明，在前缘附近抽吸端壁边界层可以抑制马蹄涡的发展，减弱通道涡的强度，从而减小二次流损失并提高出口气流的均匀     

任意旋成面叶栅B类气动杂交命题周角函数型变分有限元解

本文建立了任意旋成面叶栅B型周角函数变分有限元方法,并成功地应用于轴流叶栅和离心叶栅的气动设计计算,从而可使叶型设计建立在更加科学和合理的基础之上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.