对广州瘦狗岭断裂带特征的一些认识

广州瘦狗岭断层属广州—罗浮山大断裂带的西段,断层带内构造岩极为发育,可划分成七带,并有两个晚近时期形成的主断裂面,它是一个自中生代以来经受长期、多次活动的东西向大断层.     

塔木素高放废物预选区断层泥石英表面扫描电镜特征及断层活动性分析

断层泥是断层活动信息的良好载体,通过解析断层泥信息,可以对其活动时代及运动方式进行更深入的研究。本文利用扫描电镜（SEM）对塔木素研究区的塔木素断裂（F2）和那仁哈拉断裂（F7）断层泥的溶蚀微形貌和应力痕迹微形貌进行观察和分析。结果表明：（1）F2断裂断层泥石英微形貌主要为Ⅰa类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类,F7断裂断层泥石英微形貌主要为为Ⅰa类、Ⅰc类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类;（2）F2和F7断裂溶蚀微形貌显示两条断裂均经历了多期次的活动过程,F2断裂活动时间主要在晚更新世、早更新世早期和上新世,活动最强烈时期在早更新世早期,F7断裂活动主要在晚更新世、早更新世、上新世,活动最强烈时期在晚更新世,F2和F7断裂全新世至今基本没有活动。预选区断裂构造晚第四纪的活动性影响着有利地段的最终确定,而研究区断裂活动时代的研究对研究区未来地震发生趋势及危险分析无疑有重要的现实意义。     

新甘交界北山地区大泉断裂走滑特征及ESR测年证据

卫星图片显示穿过大泉断裂的水系有被左行扭曲的特征,结合野外断层面上擦痕、断裂带中劈理观测统计和室内对断层岩显微构造的分析,确定了大泉断裂是以左行为主的走滑断裂带。对断层泥的ESR年代学测定,确定了大泉断裂开始活动时间为早更新世1.2～1.5Ma,其分支断层的活动时间在晚更新世300ka左右。大泉断裂活动时间与青藏高原在上新世末-早更新世初开始强烈隆升时间一致,表明大泉断裂的形成与青藏高原的隆升过程密切相关,是晚新生代印度和欧亚两大板块持续碰撞挤压和青藏高原隆升的远程效应。     

新甘交界北山地区大泉断裂走滑特征及ESR测年证据

卫星图片显示穿过大泉断裂的水系有被左行扭曲的特征,结合野外断层面上擦痕、断裂带中劈理观测统计和室内对断层岩显微构造的分析,确定了大泉断裂是以左行为主的走滑断裂带。对断层泥的ESR年代学测定,确定了大泉断裂开始活动时间为早更新世1.2~1.5Ma,其分支断层的活动时间在晚更新世300ka左右。大泉断裂活动时间与青藏高原在上新世末-早更新世初开始强烈隆升时间一致,表明大泉断裂的形成与青藏高原的隆升过程密切相关,是晚新生代印度和欧亚两大板块持续碰撞挤压和青藏高原隆升的远程效应。     

贵州省威宁地区地震分布与发震断裂探讨

通过野外调查和室内资料分析,查明了威宁地区地震分布规律和活动断裂特征。威宁地区地震密集,历史上曾发生过多次破坏性地震,地震主要以浅源地震为主,时间上呈现活跃期与平静期交替出现,从2008年以来,进入一个新的活跃期。威宁地区发震断裂主要包括石门断裂、得胜坡断裂和威宁—水城断裂,断裂主要是逆冲性质,在早—中更新世活动强烈,地震多分布在这三条断裂周围及各组断裂交汇部位。     

天山地区管道工程沿线的活动构造评价问题

逆冲断裂与褶皱背斜是天山地区山前地带现今主要的活动构造形式,构造活动强烈,这两种活动构造可能产生的潜在地表变形是该地区管道工程安全性评价中需要考虑的问题.通过分析认为,将天山地区晚更新世晚期(约3×104a)以来有过活动的构造作为工程活动构造是适宜的.在此基础上,讨论了管道工程安全性对活动断裂与活动背斜的评价要求以及相应的评价方法.并提出了考虑管道工程风险设计的活动断裂概率性评价思路.     

大凌河隐伏断裂活动性研究

以大凌河隐伏断裂为实例,根据断裂位于大凌河床底部的特点,通过对比河流（断裂）两侧的第四纪地层和阶地,对隐伏断裂的活动性进行研究。孢粉分析和＾１４Ｃ测年数据表明,大凌河大榆树堡－凌海市段一级阶地形成于晚现新世至全新世,二级阶地形成于晚更新世,三级阶地形成更新世大凌河三级阶地形成以来位于大凌河床底部的隐伏断裂没有过活动。晚更新世以来这一地区的地壳平均上升速率为０．２０～０．２８ｍｍ／ａ。     

西北地区新构造运动对青海省地震活动的制约

喜山期以来,在印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞作用的影响下,西北地区遭受近南北向强烈挤压,形成一系列活动断裂.通过对晚更新世以来,新构造运动在青藏高原形成的活动断裂带展布的方向,以及青海省的阿尔金断裂两侧、祁连造山带、东昆仑地区区域地壳变形中应力释放和调整与地震震中分布耦合特征的研究,表明青海省NNW向断裂与NWW向断裂相交汇的区段是承受构造挤压作用最强烈,构造几何形态最复杂,构造应力最易集中的部位,成为大地震最易形成和发生的地区,对青海省地震活动具有明显的制约,应是地震预防工作关注的重点地区.     

昭通——鲁甸断裂带晚第四纪活动性研究

昭通—鲁甸断裂带是青藏高原东南缘大凉山次级活动块体南部边界的重要组成部分,也是滇东北地区重要的地震构造.为进一步了解断裂活动程度和晚第四纪活动性,开展野外地质地貌调查、探槽工程及样品采集与年代学测试等研究.结果表明：(1)根据野外地质地貌调查结果,昭通—鲁甸断裂带北东向3支次级断裂在晚更新世以来活动强烈,运动性质以逆冲兼具右旋走滑为主.(2)昭通—鲁甸断裂上,新棚子村开挖的探槽揭示出断层错断了晚更新世地层[（32 510±30）a BP];根据黏土层明显的砾石定向排列及砂石层扰动现象,推测断层可能错断全新世地层[（10 880±30）a BP].研究成果对滇东北及川滇交界地区地震趋势及地震危险性预测具有重要意义.     

尚义-赤城断裂最新活动迹象及构造含义

尚义-赤城断裂是燕山构造带内一条重要的地质构造分界线,形成于太古代末至早元古代,控制着区内的构造演化、岩浆活动、地震分布及矿床形成。本文在卫星影像解译基础上,通过地形地貌分析、地质地貌调查对尚义-赤城断裂的最新活动迹象进行观测和研究,结合小震分布和张北震区地层结构特征归纳断裂活动现象的本质。研究表明：尚义-赤城断裂具有复杂的多期活动特征,最新活动表现为高角度逆冲/正断-左旋走滑运动特征;主体段落最新活动时代主要为中更新世,多个地段晚更新世仍有活动迹象,是张北地区活动性最强的断裂。结合前人相关研究成果,发现该断裂与张北6.2级地震的关系更为密切,可能是该地震的发震构造。     

裂变径迹定年资料应用中的问题及其地质意义

裂变径迹定年与其他大多数放射性定年法不同,它测量的是放射性衰变对矿物晶体的物理损伤,而不是另一种同位素。外探测器裂变径迹定年分析中,可以获得每一个颗粒径迹年龄。样品裂变径迹年龄表述有组合年龄、平均年龄和中值年龄,不论哪种年龄都不具有简单的地质意义。封闭径迹长度及分布记录了岩石经历的最高古地温及热历史过程,是裂变径迹分析中最重要的参数。利用裂变径迹参数,可进行热史模拟,以重建样品的热历史。     

Apatite fission track dating evidence for tectonic movement of Yarlung Zangbo Thrust Zone

Fission track geological chronology is an effective method of study on tectonic movement of fault zone. Apatite fission track (AFT) dating analyses of 9-apatite and 4-zircon samples collected from Lhasa to Langkazi, ~70-km-long in SN provide an understanding of the age and the uplifting of both sides of the Yarlung Zangbo Thrust Zone (YZTZ) in this work. The AFT ages range from ~37 to 14 Ma, indicating the time of major tectono-thermal events, i.e. the continent-continent collision along the YZTZ. Based on the relationship between the AFT ages and the sample elevations, there were two tectonic active periods: ~37—20 Ma and 20—14 Ma. In the first period the tectonic event did not bring on differential uplifting. Rapid differential uplifting with rapid cooling, resulting from thrusting, took place in the second period. The vertical displacement was ~1020 m and total ~2.9 km of overburden has been removed from the present-day surface since cooling below ~110℃ began. The maximum cooling and denudation occurred at a rate of ~7℃/Ma and ~207 m/Ma respectively since ~14 Ma. The zircon fission track analysis demonstrates that the temperature of tectono-thermal events did not exceed 310℃.     

Thermoluminescence and fission track impact features of rocks

Results of thermoluminescence (TL) measurement of quartz sandstone before and after impact using a two-stage light gas gun pressure apparatus indicate that, the TL of quartz sandstone decreases as the impact pressure increases, there exists a TL gradient from the outside to the inside around the impacted area, and the induced TL at the same location also has a TL gradient. Impact experiments were conducted under pressures of 12.4, 28.9, 37.8, 51.8, 64.6 and 77.6 GPa, respectively, and fission track density and fission track length before and after the impact were measured. Results demonstrate that the fission track density is decreased and the fission track length is shortened as the impact pressure is increased.     

应用断层泥石英形貌测龄评价桥基断裂活动性

简介了断层泥石英形貌测龄的基本原理 ,并实际应用于润扬大桥桥基断层的年代测定。该大桥原有的断层测龄资料都是利用热释光同位素测年法 ,对同一断层会出现不同测年结果 ,致使设计单位难以决断 ,应用该文提出的方法解决了上述难题。研究成果为大桥区主要断层的活动性评价、场区稳定性评价和大桥合理设计提供了可靠地质依据 ,对以后建在断裂带上的大型工程的断层测龄研究也有着重要的参考价值。     

北京南口第四纪沉积物热释光测年

热释光测年是地貌与第四纪地质学中一种新的技术手段。它的测试对象主要是自然界中最常见的石英颗粒，测年范围在10^3-10^5年之间，误差约10％左右。南口剖面是华北新生代沉积的典型剖面之一。本文提供了该剖面的次次测年数据。     

Apatite fission track dating evidence on the tectonization of Gangdese block, south Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

This work makes the quantitative constrain on tectonizations of the Gangdese block, south Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Apatite fission track (AFT) dating analyses of 15 samples collected across the Gangdese block show that the Gangdese block went through two periods of tectonizations, during ~37.2 - 18.5 Ma and 18.5 - 8.0 Ma in the south Gangdese block, and during ~47.6 - 5.3 Ma and 5.3 - 0 Ma in the middle Gangdese block. Different upliftings did not take place in the first period and rapid uplifting occurred in the late period. Meantime, there are some differences between the south and middle Gangdese block. Their uplifting rate is 180 m/Ma and 70 m/Ma respectively. The rapid uplifting time in the middle Gangdese block lagged behind the time in the south Gangdese block. It is Chala-Jiacuo-Riduo fault zone that is similar to the Yarlung Zangbo fault zone in control of the tectonization.     

龙门山造山带-川西前陆盆地系统构造事件研究

通过对构造事件形成的产物 (岩浆岩、各种矿物等 )进行氩 -氩年龄测定、裂变径迹年龄测定、ESR年龄测定和计算机模拟 ,得出龙门山造山带 -川西前陆盆地系统自印支期以来 ,共发生了 7次构造事件 :(1)卡尼期末的构造事件 (D1 ) ,形成 S1 和 F1 ,并有区域低温动热变质作用 ;(2 )诺利期末的构造事件 (安县运动 ,D2 ) ,产生川西前陆盆地上三叠统须四段与下伏地层不整合接触和须四段砾岩的分布 ,并有较强的岩浆作用 ;(3)燕山期 (12 0～ 130 Ma,D3) ,有较强的岩浆作用和变质作用 ;(4 )喜马拉雅期 6 0 Ma左右的构造事件 (D4) ;(5 )喜马拉雅期 30～ 40Ma的构造事件 (D5 ) ;(6 )喜马拉雅期 2 0～ 2 5 Ma的构造事件 (D6 ) ;(7)喜马拉雅期 10 Ma的构造事件 (D7)。后 4次构造事件使龙门山造山带 -川西前陆盆地系统发生强烈的冲断作用和隆升作用     

Evidences of rapid erosion driven by climate in the Yarlung Zangbo （Tsangpo） Great Canyon, the eastern Himalayan syntaxis

Climate and tectonism are both particularly intense in the Yarlung Zangbo (Tsangpo) Great Canyon in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis,which is characterized by the most rapid landscape evolution of anywhere in the world.Thus,the eastern Himalayan syntaxis is one of the best locations to study the interactions between climate and tectonics.This paper investigates the cooling ages of the Doxong La-Baibung profile using apatite fission track (AFT) dating on 11 bedrock samples at elevations ranging from 4210 to 710 m.There are topographic,climatic,metamorphic,and thermochronological gradients in the profile,providing good conditions to study interactions between climate and tectonics.AFT ages ranged from 4.6±0.6 Ma to 1.7±0.3 Ma,and the mean fission track lengths ranged from 11.0 to 12.4 μm.It was found that the cooling rates revealed by AFT ages increased with decreasing elevation.However,the tendency of the cooling rates revealed by the 40 Ar-39 Ar ages was different from that indicated by the AFT ages.Moreover,for most districts of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis,the compiled AFT age distribution correlates well with the annual average precipitation,indicating the coupling of the cooling and erosion rates of the near-surface rock and precipitation.The geothermal history modeling results indicate an obvious increase in the cooling and erosion rate between 1.0 and 0.5 Ma.This age is consistent with other research findings for this time,when the vapor channel of the Yarlung Zangbo Great Canyon began to take effect.These evidences suggest that climate,especially precipitation,has acting as a key factor influencing the rapid cooling and erosion in the Yarlung Zangbo Great Canyon since 1-0.5 Ma.