2.25CrlMo钢韧脆转变温度影响因素分析

采用不同的时效工艺,运用冲击试验、俄歇能谱、扫描电镜等分析方法,研究2.25CrlMo钢的韧脆转变温度变化规律及其影响因素.结果表明,2.25CrlMo试验钢650℃时效2h后的韧脆转变温度为-55℃,560℃时效100 h后的韧脆转变温度为-25℃,480℃时效1 200 h后的韧脆转变温度升高至-10℃；P在晶界处的偏聚行为是导致试验钢韧脆转变温度变化的主要因素.     

40Cr钢冷脆转变温度的测定

通过系列冲击试验,采用V型缺口的夏比冲击试样,以能量法,断口形貌法结合断口微观形貌的变化对40Cr钢冷脆转变温度进行了分析测定.试验表明:40Cr钢600 ℃回火空冷后的冷脆转变温度为-50℃.     

改进310奥氏体不锈钢长期时效后的组织与性能

借助扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜以及高温、室温拉伸和硬度测试研究了实验室研发的改进310奥氏体不锈钢在700℃长期时效后的组织与性能.700℃时效1000 h后,实验钢在晶界和晶内析出了大量(Cr,Fe,Mo)23C6、(Cr,Fe)23C6、σ相和少量的χ相.析出相对实验钢的室温力学性能有明显的强化作用.强度增加,硬度升高20 Hv,同时延伸率仍保持在30%以上.高温下,析出强化效应减弱,延伸率轻微下降.通过断口表面和剖面观察发现,时效1000 h后,实验钢的高温拉伸断口为韧性断裂,未观察到裂纹和孔洞;而室温拉伸断口为脆性断裂,断口附近则观察到σ相中出现裂纹和孔洞.从σ相的脆-韧转变和实验钢基体的室温和高温强度的不同,讨论了在室温拉伸过程中产生裂纹和孔洞的原因,以及时效对室温和高温力学行为的不同影响.     

氢对步冷前后2（1／4）Cr—1Mo压力容器钢韧脆转变行为的影响

研究了2(1/4)Cr-1Mo压力容器钢步冷前后氢对韧脆转变的影响及冲击载荷下氢脆与回火脆的关系.结果发现:氢使回火脆化前后韧脆转变温度升高,氢的作用大小与回火脆倾向有关,最后提出韧脆转变模型,对两脆化的作用进行了分析.     

步冷试验温度曲线剖析

对加氢反应器常用材料2.25Cr-1Mo钢进行了步冷试验、经步冷再经593℃×1 h热处理试验以及步冷加538℃×15 h热处理试验.结果表明,步冷试验温度曲线中的第一阶段(593℃×1 h)和第二阶段(538℃×15 h)热处理过程在再次步冷试验过程中是一个脱脆过程.     

40Cr钢亚温淬火强韧化机理的试验研究

研究40Cr钢亚温淬火热处理的强韧化机理,并与40Cr钢常规热处理后的机械性能进行比较。结果表明,亚温淬火热处理提高40Cr钢的冲击韧性,降低40Cr钢的韧脆转变温度,抑制40Cr钢的回火脆性。     

40Cr钢亚温淬火强韧化机理的试验研究

研究40Cr钢亚温淬火热处理的强韧化机理，并与40Cr钢常规热处理后的机械性能进行比较。结果表明，亚温淬火热处理提高40Cr钢的冲击韧性，降低40Cr钢的韧脆转变温度。抑制40Cr钢的回火脆性。     

F40级船板钢的应变时效行为

通过SEM、TEM和多功能内耗仪研究了F40级船板钢应变时效后的微观组织变化以及时效过程中的内耗行为. 结果表明:应变时效过程中,F40级船板钢宏观组织没有发生明显的变化,组织很稳定;在内耗-温度曲线上230℃时出现一个内耗峰,这是由于游离态的碳原子在此条件下钉扎位错和摆脱位错钉扎所导致;位错组态的变化及位错与碳原子相互作用的宏观效应表现为钢板应变时效后硬度上升,韧性下降,韧脆转变温度升高.     

10Cr21Mn16NiN高锰氮奥氏体不锈钢组织与性能研究

研究了固溶处理温度对热轧态10Cr21Mn16NiN高锰氮奥氏体不锈钢微观组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响,并进一步揭示了该材料的低温韧脆转变行为。结果表明,随着固溶温度的升高,屈服强度和抗拉强度逐渐降低,而延伸率和耐腐蚀性能逐渐增大。这是因为高温固溶促进了热轧阶段形成的有害相重新溶解,从而消除析出相对性能带来的不利影响。10Cr21Mn16NiN钢在低温冲击载荷下表现出明显的韧脆转变行为,韧脆转变温度在-110℃附近,高于-110℃可以获得强度与韧性的良好配合。     

修正步冷试验方法

以广泛应用于加氢反应器材料2.25Cr-1Mo钢为研究对象,对步冷试验温度曲线进行分析.进行了步冷加524 ℃×24 h和步冷加524 ℃×27 h热处理试验.结果表明,步冷试验温度曲线中的第三阶段524 ℃×24 h热处理在再次步冷试验过程中具有脆化倾向.同时对步冷试验温度曲线进行修正,提出了修正步冷试验温度曲线.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…