计及风险成本的配电网设备全寿命周期成本管理与决策

随着全寿命周期成本管理在配电网改造中的应用,近年来配电网设备资金的利用问题得到了有效改善.然而目前用于电力设备LCC估算的模型忽略了设备风险成本,难以使配电网设备资产全生命周期综合效益达到最优.为此,将风险评估理论与传统的全寿命周期成本模型相结合,在考虑配电网设备LCC包含初始投资成本、运行维护成本、设备残余成本的基础上,计及设备风险成本,并提出了以LCC的变化量达到最小来决定设备维修管理的最佳方案,建立起配电网设备LCC估算及决策模型,并通过实例分析验证了管理方法的有效性.与传统的LCC估算模型相比,计及设备风险成本的估算模型优化了配电网设备在寿命周期内总投资成本,提高了配电网设备LCC成本管理与决策的效率.     

变压器全寿命周期成本的建模研究

基于全寿命周期成本管理理念,提出用于变压器全寿命周期成本估算及分析的静态成本模型及动态成本模型,其中静态成本计及一次投资成本和报废成本,动态成本考虑运行维护成本、损耗成本、环境成本、故障成本.在此基础上利用等年值法对变压器各阶段的成本模型进行换算,并对总模型进行敏感性分析,确定LCC最小的方案,以达到年综合费用最小.以可用系数为效能指标,采用基于相对价值分析的费用效益优化模型,用于构建全寿命周期成本评价体系.最后,以福建省某新建500 kV变电站变压器选型决策为实例,对变压器进行全寿命周期成本估算及评价分析,选出最优方案,检验所建立模型的有效性.     

煤矿配电网两阶段无功补偿优化配置方法

针对煤矿配电网无功优化存在的问题,综合考虑煤矿配电网负荷特点以及传统无功补偿装置的优缺点,提出利用静止无功发生器SVG以及电容器组配合实现配电网无功优化的两阶段无功优化方法.两阶段分别以有功网损最小和电压谐波畸变率最小为目标,根据灵敏度法确定补偿位置,运用改进的粒子群算法进行无功补偿容量的优化配置.研究结果表明:配电网的有功损耗明显下降,电压水平明显改善,为配电网无功优化提供了一种灵活高效,易于实现的有效方法.     

高压配电网无功补偿配置原则的优化

按负荷和电网无功电压特性对高压配电网进行分类,针对不同类型采取差异化的无功补偿配置方案.以含小水电高压配电网为对象,提出综合考虑容/感性无功补偿配置的无功优化规划模型,以满足含小水电高压配电网不同的无功电压调控需求;运用"无功配置率"指标指导不同类型变电站无功补偿配置量的选择,并对该类配电网的容/感性无功配置原则进行了优化和细化.实例分析表明,按此原则来指导含小水电高压配电网的无功配置,可提高该类配电网电压调控和无功平衡能力,有助于降低网损,避免容性无功补偿过量配置导致的投资浪费.利用该方法,得出4种不同类型的高压配电网的无功配置率推荐范围,可作为高压配电网无功补偿配置的细化原则.     

基于改进PSO算法的含分布式电源的配电网优化

为了对含分布式电源的配电网进行规划,提出了考虑配网实际运行约束下以配电网网络损耗、电压偏移及DG投资运行成本为目标函数的多目标优化模型.采用基于Levy Flights的粒子群优化算法对所构造模型进行优化,并对33节点配网系统进行仿真.结果表明所建模型是合理的,改进的PSO算法对求解含DG的配电网多目标优化问题是有效可行的.     

计及配网有功无功协调运行优化的SST规划方法

固态变压器(solidstatetransformer,SST)作为一种利用电力电子器件实现能量管理和功率控制的新型变电装置,其应用将极大地提高配电系统的柔性调控能力,从而解决由于分布式电源接入给配网带来的诸多问题.针对SST在配网中的选址定容问题,考虑SST协调配电网有功无功资源的运行优化,提出了一种计及配电网提前运行优化结果的SST统筹规划方法.首先,基于SST的稳态数学模型,研究了SST在双交流/交直流系统连接下,计及负荷与分布式电源的参数时序控制方法.其次,建立了融合配电网有功无功时序运行优化的SST双层规划模型,上层考虑SST的投资成本、环境效益和配电网年运行成本,对SST的安装位置和容量进行了规划;下层以配电网日运行成本最低为目标,进行时序多场景下SST协调配网中有功无功资源的日运行优化,并提出改进的主从式差分入侵杂草混合算法进行双层规划模型迭代求解.最后,采用改进的33节点配电系统进行仿真验证,结果表明:相较于考虑SST协调配电网单方面有功/无功运行的规划方法,所提方法的配网年综合成本分别减少91.1 k$和21.8 k$;相较规划前和单层规划方法,所提方法的配网年运行成本分别降低10.6 k$和92.7 k$,电压偏差分别减少25%和18%.所以,计及配网有功无功运行优化的SST双层规划方法,可以充分考虑协调主动配电网有功无功资源运行对SST配置规划的影响,提高系统运行的经济性和规划方案的可行性.     

配电网无功优化的新算法

根据油田配电网的特点,提出了一种计算配电网无功功率补偿的数学模型。分析了配电网的潮流,综合考虑了节约电能和设备投资两个经济指标,以配电网年运行费用最小为优化目标,运用该模型确定了合理而经济的补偿容量和最佳补偿位置。用这种算法可以实现配电网就地基本无功平衡,最大限度地减少配电线路上的电能损耗。实例说明,运用该优化补偿方案进行降损具有较好的经济效益。     

建筑物碳排放量和成本的优化设计研究

建筑行业的碳排放量是全球碳排放量的第二大主体.由于建筑物的碳排放量和成本有着密切的关系,因此设计优化时需同时考虑碳排放量和成本两个变量以寻求降低碳排放量和成本的最佳方案.本研究提出基于建筑信息模型(BIM)技术模拟建筑物的能耗和碳排放量,以及通过统计建筑物工程量进而快速准确地计算出全寿命周期碳排放量和成本的数值,然后基于粒子群算法(PSO)对全寿命周期碳排放量和成本同时进行多目标优化,最后选择最优的设计方案,以促进建筑业的可持续发展.     

基于综合能源优化配置的增量配电网工程投资效益测算方法

在增量配电改革进一步放开的环境下,增量配电网工程的投资方向不仅是供电服务的基本建设投资,而且是终端服务模式的创新,为用户提供全面的综合能源增值服务。为实现综合能源与增量配电网协同优化规划,本文结合增量配电网发展新特点,基于全寿命周期法研究并建立了基于综合能源优化配置的增量配电网工程成本与收益测算数学模型,对具体增量配电网工程进行投资效益测算,并选取综合能源增值服务等关键因素进行敏感性分析。结果表明：合理优化配置多种能源,实现综合能源与增量配电协同规划,能够降低增量配电网运行投资成本。可见所建立投资效益模型可用于指导增量配电网工程投资,有利于多能源协同规划,促进综合能源增值服务的发展。     

基于改进共享小生境遗传算法的配电网无功规划

为了减少配网损耗和保证配网电压质量,解决应用传统适应值共享小生境遗传算法进行无功规划时,由于小生境半径设定值的不同会导致全局寻优能力不稳定、寻优结果波动性较大的问题,将改进共享小生境遗传算法应用于配电网无功规划.首先建立了以净收益现值为目标函数的数学模型,该模型更直观地反映了补偿方案的降损节能收益能力;然后采用基于自适应调整小生境半径的改进共享小生境遗传算法进行配电网无功规划,该算法具有良好的全局寻优能力和解的稳定性;最后采用面向对象的Visual 2005C#高级语言开发编制了配电网无功规划计算程序,算例结果表明了该算法的有效性和实用性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.