铜对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的急性致毒效应 (动物科学)

检测了水体铜(Cu2+)暴露对中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼的急性毒性以及组织铜富集的影响。结果发现:1)中华倒刺鲃幼鱼死亡率随水体铜含量和暴露时间的增加而上升(p<0.05),死亡率与暴露时间的关系呈"S"型逻辑回归曲线;铜暴露96、120、144、168h的半致死含量LC50分别为0.500、0.401、0.356和0.352mg·L-1,铜对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的安全含量为0.050mg·L-1;0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4mg·L-1铜暴露下幼鱼的半致死时间LT50分别为116.0、78.0、80.7、56.0、46.7、46.0h。2)中华倒刺鲃幼鱼组织按铜富集含量由高到低顺序排列为肝脏、鳃、肌肉,急性铜暴露(7d)不足以产生较强的富集效应。研究提示水体中的铜含量变化显著作用于中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的存活率,但对组织铜富集的影响不显著。     

水体Cd暴露对长江上游几种常见鱼类急性中毒效应的比较研究

为比较水体镉(Cd)暴露对长江上游6种常见鱼类鲫鱼(Carassius auratus),草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis),团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala),中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)和胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)的急性中毒效应,以CdCl2为毒物源,在相同的水温(27.5±0.5℃),硬度(含CaCO3)(10.0±0.5mg/L)和pH(7.0±0.1)条件下,观测了水体中不同质量浓度Cd暴露对实验鱼的急性中毒症状和96h致死效应(96hLC50).实验结果表明,不同鱼类急性中毒的行为反应有不同.在Cd急性暴露期间,鲫鱼、草鱼、中华倒刺鲃和团头鲂均有跃出水箱的倾向,随暴露时间的延长,这种跳跃的能力减弱;而鲫鱼、草鱼和南方鲇在呼吸时有"咳嗽"反应(洗涤运动)发生.随着Cd2+质量浓度的升高,各种实验鱼的死亡率显著升高.Cd对鲫鱼、草鱼、南方鲇、团头鲂、中华倒刺鲃和胭脂鱼的96hLC50值分别为5.59,2.53,2.24,1.51,1.31和0.029mg/L.南方鲇死亡鱼群体的Cd累积量显著高于未死亡鱼群体(P0.05);其它5种实验鱼的未死亡鱼群体Cd累积量高于死亡鱼群体Cd的累积量,且在中华倒刺鲃的两个群体间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05).通过讨论提出,南方鲇皮肤构造及表面上的丰富粘液可能对水体中的Cd离子经皮肤渗入体内有阻碍作用.     

重金属铅、镉对方斑东风螺幼体的急性毒性试验

在水温28.4-30.4℃的条件下,分别研究了重金属铅、镉对方斑东风螺幼体的急性毒性影响.试验结果表明,铅对方斑东风螺幼体48h、72h、96h的LC50(半致死浓度)分别为19.543、4.571、1.071 mg·L-1;镉对方斑东风螺幼体48h、72h、96h的LC50(半致死浓度)分别为2.960、0.612、0.198 mg·L-1.估算得到铅、镉对方斑东风螺幼体的安全浓度分别为0.107 mg·L-1、0.020 mg·L-1.     

温度对中华倒刺鲃静止代谢及低氧耐受的影响 (动物科学)

为考查温度对鱼类静止代谢率及低氧耐受能力的影响,本研究以中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbussinensis)幼鱼为对象,分别在10、20和30℃条件下驯化2周,随后将实验鱼置于密闭呼吸室中测定静止代谢率,并通过“双线法”推出临界氧压(Pcrit)等相关参数。实验结果显示:随着温度的上升,中华倒刺鲃幼鱼静止代谢率(MO2rest)、Pcrit点所对应代谢率(MO2pcrit)以及临界代谢范围(MMS)均显著上升(p<0.05);MO2rest的温度系数(Q10)在10~20 ℃和20~30 ℃间分别为2.54和1.27。而中华倒刺鲃幼鱼Pcrit却不受温度变化的显著影响,表现出一定的保守性。研究表明,中华倒刺鲃幼鱼Pcrit随温度的变化趋势并不与MO2rest的变化趋势相吻合,这提示随温度的改变中华倒刺鲃可能还启用了其他生理、生化和(或)行为学机制。
     

急性氨氮胁迫对大口黑鲈幼鱼ACP、CAT和MDA的影响

采用96 h静水停食实验法,以体质量为(19.70±1.98) g的大口黑鲈幼鱼为研究对象,研究了氨氮的96 h半致死浓度(LC50)并依据96 h LC50设置低(19 mg·L-1)、中(28.5 mg·L-1)、高(38 mg·L-1)和对照4个浓度组进行胁迫,在6、12、24、48、72和96 h时分别检测其鳃、肝、肠、肾和脑组织中的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果表明:ACP、CAT(除肠部)活性及MDA含量在96 h实验时间段内总体上均呈现先升高后逐渐降低的变化趋势,均与对照组有显著变化(P0.05)。大口黑鲈幼鱼的96 h LC50为63.34 mg·L-1,但当氨氮浓度28.5 mg·L-1时经96 h胁迫其部分组织细胞功能已受到损伤,其鳃ACP活性和鳃、肠CAT活性能够准确反映所受损伤的程度,可作为评价养殖水体中氨氮毒性的标志物。     

周期性变温对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼生长和热耐受的影响

【目的】考察周期性变温对中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼生长和热耐受的影响。【方法】将实验鱼随机分为恒温组(驯养水体温度恒定为22 ℃)和周期组(驯养水体温度在24 h内依次进行18，22，26，18 ℃的周期性变化)进行40 d的温度驯化，然后对它们的生长性能、热耐受参数、标准代谢率(Standard metabolic rate，SMR)和自发运动水平进行测定和比较。【结果】温度驯化结束后，周期组实验鱼的体质量、日摄食量、摄食率、临界高温和致死高温与恒温组相比有统计学意义上的提升(p<0.05)；两组实验鱼的体长、临界低温、致死低温、SMR、运动时间比和平均速度均无统计学意义上的差异。【结论】经历周期性变温驯化后中华倒刺鲃幼鱼生长更快可能与摄食量更高有关，而热耐受能力的提升可能与实验鱼频繁经历温度变动因而体内热应激蛋白表达等维持在较高水平有关。     

体型大小和营养状况对中华倒刺鲃幼鱼群体选择偏好的影响

【目的】探究不同体型大小和营养状况的中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼的群体选择偏好。【方法】将实验鱼分为大、小个体组以及摄食组和饥饿组(分别进行正常投喂和14 d的禁食处理)。测定目标实验鱼的游泳速度、移动总距离、运动时间比等游泳行为参数以及它对不同大小或营养状况鱼群的选择偏好。【结果】1) 大个体组目标实验鱼在相对游泳速度中值和移动总距离值上均高于小个体的目标实验鱼，差异均具有统计学意义(p<0.05)；无论目标实验鱼体型如何，它们均倾向于选择大个体的刺激鱼群，有关统计学检验结果具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。2) 饥饿组和摄食组目标实验鱼的所有游泳行为参数及它们对饥饿和正常摄食鱼群的选择偏好差异均无统计学意义。【结论】大个体中华倒刺鲃幼鱼在游泳能力方面强于小个体中华倒刺鲃幼鱼；不同个体大小中华倒刺鲃幼鱼均偏好选择大个体鱼组成的鱼群，这可能有利于降低自身被捕食的风险。短期的饥饿处理所产生的营养状况差异不足以使中华倒刺鲃幼鱼的游泳能力及对鱼群的选择偏好发生明显变化。     

水体双酚A暴露对鲤肝肾的氧化胁迫及静止代谢率的影响

【目的】研究水体中双酚A(BPA)暴露对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肝、肾组织的氧化胁迫及静止代谢率的影响。【方法】设置1个水体中BPA暴露质量浓度为0的空白对照组、1个水体中BPA暴露质量浓度为0但乙醇质量分数为0.03%的乙醇对照组和水体中BPA暴露质量浓度分别为0.5,0.9,1.8,3.6,7.2mg·L-1等5个处理组,处理30d后测定各组实验鱼的静止代谢率,肝组织中BPA的积累量及肝、肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。【结果】1)3.6和7.2mg·L-1BPA暴露处理组的肝、肾组织中MDA含量比两个对照组的肝、肾组织中MDA含量更高,且与后两者的差异均具有统计学意义(p0.05)。2)3.6和7.2mg·L-1BPA暴露处理组的肝组织中CAT活性以及1.8,3.6和7.2mg·L-1BPA暴露处理组的肾组织中CAT活性均低于两个对照组的肝、肾组织中CAT活性,与后两者的差异均具有统计学意义(p0.05)。3)1.8和3.6mg·L-1 BPA暴露处理组的静止代谢率高于两个对照组的静止代谢率,7.2mg·L-1 BPA暴露处理组的静止代谢率低于两个对照组的静止代谢率,上述差异均具有统计学意义(p0.05)。4)实验鱼肝组织中BPA积累量随水体中BPA暴露质量浓度的升高而升高,表现出明显的线性正相关关系。【结论】水体BPA暴露质量浓度与鲤肝组织中BPA积累量之间具有剂量-效应关系。鲤肝、肾组织中MDA含量和CAT活性对水体BPA暴露相对较敏感,肝组织比肾组织更敏感。在一定质量浓度范围内,水体BPA暴露导致鲤静止代谢率升高以满足鲤在组织损伤修复和毒物净化方面额外的能量消耗,但较高质量浓度的BPA暴露可能对鱼体组织器官造成损伤并引起静止代谢率下降。     

温度对中华倒刺鲃静止代谢及低氧耐受的影响

为考查温度对鱼类静止代谢率及低氧耐受能力的影响,本研究以中华倒刺鲃（Spinibarbus sinensis）幼鱼为对象,分别在10、20和30℃条件下驯化2周,随后将实验鱼置于密闭呼吸室中测定静止代谢率,并通过“双线法”推出临界氧压（Pcrit）等相关参数。实验结果显示：随着温度的上升,中华倒刺鲃幼鱼静止代谢率（MO2rest）、Pcrit点所对应代谢率（MO2pcrit）以及临界代谢范围（MMS）均显著上升（p〈0.05）;MO2rest的温度系数（Q10）在10-20 ℃和20-30 ℃间分别为2.54和1.27。而中华倒刺鲃幼鱼Pcrit却不受温度变化的显著影响,表现出一定的保守性。研究表明,中华倒刺鲃幼鱼Pcrit随温度的变化趋势并不与 MO2rest的变化趋势相吻合,这提示随温度的改变中华倒刺鲃可能还启用了其他生理、生化和（或）行为学机制。     

Cr~(6+)对铜锈环棱螺的急性毒性及其肝脏抗氧化的影响

以成体铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginasa)为实验动物,探讨Cr~(6+)对其急性毒性及肝脏抗氧化指标的影响.结果表明,铜锈环棱螺对Cr~(6+)耐受性随时间延长而缓慢降低,Cr~(6+)对铜锈环棱螺的96 h的半致死和安全质量浓度分别为15.768 mg·L-1和1.577 mg·L-1,Cr~(6+)对铜锈环棱螺属低毒;铜锈环棱螺分别暴露于0.2,0.4,0.8 mg·L-1的Cr~(6+)水体,于胁迫后0,24,48,72,96 h采样分析.铜锈环棱螺肝脏中SOD活性敏感性最高,胁迫48 h后呈现显著性和极其显著性诱导,表明胁迫诱导抗氧化酶生成;对铜锈环棱螺肝脏中CAT活性的影响不明显,较低质量浓度Cr~(6+)只在48 h对肝脏中CAT活性有显著抑制作用;肝脏中GPx活性敏感性表现较弱,大多呈现抑制;GSH对Cr~(6+)胁迫比较敏感,在24 h时,GSH含量降低,72 h时0.8 mg·L-1质量浓度组铜锈环棱螺肝脏中GSH含量显著升高,对氧化胁迫作出相关应激反应.MDA含量在肝脏中低质量浓度组胁迫期间表现出显著性或极其显著性降低,高质量浓度组有极其显著性增高,脂质过氧化程度较高.铜锈环棱螺可作为Cr~(6+)污染监测的潜在指示生物.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.