铝、镁脱氧钢中夹杂物的动态演变规律

本研究制备了不同氧、硫含量的实验钢,采用SEM-EDX和CSLM探讨了钢中夹杂物类型及高温演变规律.结果表明,脱氧生成的MgO大多为球形,而MgO·Al2O3呈现不规则形状.单独铝脱氧钢中Al2O3夹杂物通过移动、碰撞、聚合的方式形成大型簇团.铝镁复合脱氧钢中夹杂物形貌和动态演变随着［Al］,［Mg］和［S］含量的变化呈现出不同的现象.当［Mg］,［Al］含量满足MgO生成条件时,夹杂物无明显聚合现象,呈弥散分布的特征;当［Mg］,［Al］含量位于MgO·Al2O3生成区域时,未观察到团簇状夹杂物出现,但夹杂物粒径较MgO大;当夹杂物成分同时满足MgO和MgS生成条件时,夹杂物聚合趋势明显,推测是硫化物的形成促进了夹杂物的聚合现象.     

超低氧车轮钢精炼过程非金属夹杂物的转变

研究了采用LD-LF-VD-CC工艺流程生产超低氧高速车轮钢时,精炼过程中夹杂物的生成与变化.实验在出钢时加入足够的Al进行终脱氧,LF精炼过程采用强脱氧、高碱度和强还原性精炼渣工艺,能使最终铸坯w(T.O)达到7×10-6,获得高洁净度的铸坯;而且在LF精炼过程中,夹杂物完成了Al2O3→MgO·Al2O3→CaO-MgO-Al2O3类复合夹杂物的转变,得到在炼钢温度下呈液态的复合氧化物夹杂,这些液态夹杂物通过碰撞、长大和上浮去除,残留于钢中的氧化物夹杂以较低熔点的CaO-MgO-Al2O3类复合夹杂形态存在,它们在热加工过程中可以发生稍许变形,能有效改善车轮钢的疲劳性能.     

帘线钢中氧化物夹杂控制技术在生产中的应用

在帘线钢冶炼过程中,通过采用炉后弱脱氧、防止钢液污染,以及控制精炼顶渣碱度指数和Al2O3含量指数等措施,使钢中夹杂物向低熔点区域转变,促进钢中夹杂物上浮、排出钢液,同时也使钢中残留氧化物夹杂具有良好的变形性能.实践表明,通过采用上述工艺措施,帘线钢中夹杂物成分、尺寸和变形性得到了有效控制.     

不同碱度精炼渣系对弹簧钢夹杂物的影响

大颗粒不变形夹杂物是造成弹簧钢疲劳失效的主要原因。为了优化高级别弹簧钢55SiCr中夹杂物的组成、形态与分布,采用两次LF炉进站精炼方式,并在二次精炼过程中设计了两种不同碱度的渣系,通过氧氮分析仪、电子探针等检测手段对比分析两种工艺下钢中全氧含量、夹杂物尺寸与成分。结果表明,低碱度精炼渣使弹簧钢夹杂物成分趋近于Al2O3-SiO2-CaO系统中低熔点塑性化区间,但不利于大颗粒夹杂物的控制与消除;高碱度精炼渣使夹杂物的平均尺寸更小,分布更均匀,但夹杂物中Al2O3含量偏高;高碱度精炼渣有利于钢液的深脱氧,钢的洁净度更高,但需注意连铸过程中钢液的氧化。     

高速重轨钢精炼理论与工艺

针对高速重轨钢精炼过程的脱氧、夹杂物控制和脱氢进行了理论分析,并结合工艺实践,对精炼过程中的炉渣碱度和精炼时间等进行了研究.理论分析表明,炉渣碱度高有利于重轨钢在LF精炼时脱氧,欲控制重轨钢中生成2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2,应尽量控制钢中的Ca和Al含量.工艺实践表明,在RH精炼时全氧含量和氢含量在15min左右已趋于稳定,炉渣碱度对脱氧无明显影响,但碱度高会有脆性夹杂物生成.建议高速重轨钢的精炼可以在LF精炼时采用较高碱度(2.5～3.0),在RH精炼时控制较低的炉渣碱度(2.0左右),同时控制RH精炼时间在15 min即可达到脱氢脱氧和控制夹杂物的目的.     

低碱度顶渣控制帘线钢中CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO类夹杂物成分的实验研究

在实验室中用高温管式炉对用工业纯铁配制的帘线钢进行脱氧和顶渣熔炼,研究了炉渣成分对夹杂物成分的影响.在炉渣碱度一定的情况下,随着炉渣中Al2O,含量的增加,夹杂物中的Al2O,含量也随之增加.当炉渣中的Al2O,含量低于8%时,夹杂物中的成分在塑性区.通过控制脱氧条件和顶渣成分可以把夹杂物的成分控制在塑性区内.     

超低碳钢顶渣氧化性对钢液洁净度的影响

为探究降低顶渣氧化性对改善超低碳钢钢液洁净度的影响,在转炉终点至中间包过程中,在多位置取炉渣和钢水试样,分别进行炉渣氧化性、钢液成分和夹杂物分析.实验结果表明:转炉出钢后通过对顶渣改质,渣中T.Fe由转炉终点的19.18％降至RH进站时的4.68％,顶渣氧化性降低明显.渣中T.Fe降低导致钢中[O]的降低,T.Fe较低的炉次平均吹氧量较大,使得铝脱氧前钢中[O]较高.RH结束渣T.Fe与夹杂物数量呈线性关系,T.Fe越低夹杂物数量越少,同时RH结束后夹杂物数量与铝脱氧前钢中[O]无必然关系.顶渣(CaO)/(Al2O3)会影响其吸收Al2O3夹杂物的能力,(CaO)/(Al2 O3)控制不合理的炉次,其夹杂物数量也较多.通过降低顶渣氧化性,热轧板卷缺陷率得到明显降低.     

不同脱氧程度锰钢耐点蚀性能比较

选择四种不同脱氧程度的锰钢,在pH 10的3%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中进行动电位极化实验,比较钢的点蚀诱发敏感性;在3%(质量分数)海盐水中进行室内间浸挂片实验,评价钢的点蚀扩展速度;利用扫描电镜(SEM)和电子探针(EPMA)分析了钢中夹杂物组成和腐蚀形貌.结果表明,随着脱氧程度的加强,钢中的硫化物夹杂由短棒状变为长条状.脱氧程度越差,钢基体热力学稳定性越强,钢的点蚀诱发敏感性也越弱.室内间浸挂片实验结果表明,脱氧程度较强的锰钢表现出更强的点蚀扩展能力.     

低碳微合金钢中Ti_xO--MnS型复合夹杂对焊接热影响区微观组织相变的影响

对比分析了两种低碳微合金钢中夹杂物对焊接热影响区组织相变的影响.对实验钢中夹杂物的分布和尺寸进行观察并在透射电镜下分析了夹杂物的选区衍射斑图样.采用热膨胀法结合金相分析建立了实验钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线)和等温转变曲线(TTT曲线).研究发现,Ti脱氧钢中夹杂物以尺寸小于3μm的TixO--MnS型球状复合夹杂为主,其中TixO核心有两种类型(Ti2O3和Ti3O5).这类夹杂物具有诱导晶内针状铁素体形核的能力,针状铁素体优先在TixO--MnS型复合夹杂界面上形核,从而导致Ti脱氧钢相对于Al脱氧钢的贝氏体相变开始温度升高,相变时间也明显提前.     

Ti-Mg复合脱氧钢中夹杂物细化机制

为了探讨钢中细小夹杂物的形成机制,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪表征了钢中夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及数量,理论计算了脱氧产物的生成优势区图,讨论了夹杂物长大的影响因素.钢中夹杂物的组成以MgO-A12 O3-TiOx为核心,表面包裹析出MnS,钢液中未发现单独的Al2O3和TiOx夹杂;夹杂物的形貌为近球形,平均尺寸为1μm左右,数量在1000 mm-2以上.镁含量较高的钢中含有少量以MgO-Al2O3和MgO为核心的夹杂物,不利于夹杂物的球形化,镁含量宜控制在50×10-6以下.镁的脱氧能力强,形核临界尺寸小、形核数量多以及钢液中镁、铝和钛复合脱氧的高熔点产物的特性有效地控制了钢中夹杂物的扩散与碰撞长大趋势.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.