绿色屋顶与下凹绿地串联对居住区径流削减效果分析

居住区具有建筑密度大,绿地率高的特点,绿色屋顶和下凹绿地利用蓄水空间能有效调控居住区雨水径流。以漳州市某居住区为研究区域,构建雨水系统SWMM模型,通过改变绿色屋顶径流路径,模拟不同重现期绿色屋顶与下凹绿地各自排洪与串联使用对居住区的径流削减效果。结果表明,在降雨历时2h重现期为2a、5a、10a、20a的降雨条件下,绿色屋顶与下凹绿地各自排洪(绿色屋顶径流不接入下凹绿地)时,其径流总量削减率为37.3%~38.5%,峰值削减率为37.5%~43.2%。当串联使用(绿色屋顶径流接入下凹绿地)时,削峰减排效果更加明显,且对于低强度降雨,优势更为突出。     

高速公路边坡水土流失机理与养护管理研究

对重庆市梁忠高速公路填方路基边坡土壤开展室内模拟降雨试验,分析不同降雨强度和坡度条件下坡面产流和产沙的规律;结果表明:在0. 6 mm/min、0. 9 mm/min、1. 2 mm/min降雨强度条件下,起始产流时间随坡度呈减小趋势,当土体坡度一定时,起始产流时间不断减小,地表径流强度随着降雨强度的增大而增大;当降雨强度一定时,土体的起始产流时间随土体坡度增大逐渐减小,从而反映出地表径流强度不断增大;降雨强度对土壤侵蚀的临界坡度有一定影响,但两者具体变化关系需进一步研究。另外,通过高速公路边坡水土流失机理进行了研究,展开了高速公路边坡水土流失主要诱因分析,提出了科学的高边坡的养护管理措施。     

金沙江干热河谷坡面降雨产流特征的分析

为干旱区植被恢复技术研究及坡面治理提供依据,运用坡面径流泥沙小区定位观测方法,对元谋县典型干热河谷地段坡面小区降雨产流特征进行了研究,根据降雨的三个重要特征降雨量、持续时间和时段最大雨强,通过SPSSK均值聚类分析法对降雨进行了分类.结果表明,研究区年内降水量分配不均,试验期间雨季6月、9月降水过分集中,易形成持续大雨,导致产生大的地表径流并冲刷地表,造成水土流失.研究区存在降雨强度大、持续时间短的A型雨、降雨强度小持续时间长的C型雨以及居于二者之间的B型雨;降雨量和降雨强度,尤其最大30min雨强是影响坡面产流能力的关键因素;不同雨型下坡面产流能力大小为A型雨>B型雨>C型雨,而产流尺度效应则为C型雨>B型雨>A型雨.     

屋顶绿化单体基质材料对降雨径流氮磷特征的影响

【目的】随着城市建设的发展,屋顶绿化成为拓展空间绿化的重要形式,但其径流氮磷浓度一直备受争议,选择对降雨径流氮磷浓度影响较小的单体基质材料是普及屋顶绿化需解决的关键技术问题。【方法】选用6种单体基质材料作为研究对象,比较其理化性质,并通过模拟降雨试验研究不同基质降雨径流氮磷浓度特征。【结果】泥炭土延迟产流能力最佳,椰糠与泥炭土径流削减率最高,分别为25.97%、23.44%; 有机基质降雨径流氮磷浓度趋势类似,发现初期冲刷效应,稻壳炭径流氮磷浓度初期冲刷效应最为严重,椰糠次之,泥炭土最弱; 蛭石对降雨中氨氮具有较好吸附作用,初期浓度削减率达到46%; 蛭石、陶粒对降雨中总磷具有较好吸附作用; 有机基质中稻壳炭降雨径流氮磷污染负荷最高,总氮、氨氮和硝态氮污染负荷分别达256.18、98.90、157.29 mg/m²。【结论】不同单体基质材料对降雨径流氮磷浓度影响差异较大,从径流水量与径流水质(氮磷浓度)来看,建议采用椰糠、泥炭土、珍珠岩、蛭石作为上海市屋顶绿化配方基质材料,即上海市供选择的污染负荷较低的“环境友好型”屋顶绿化基质材料。     

淮北地区降雨径流特性及影响因素

为了研究淮北地区天然降雨下的径流及影响因素,以淮北地区蚌埠新马桥试验区为代表,基于典型区不同土地利用天然降雨径流小区试验研究及试验区历史降雨资料,分析研究不同作物植被类型下农田地表径流流失规律.4次产流试验结果表明:当小区前期雨量较大时,小区达到产流条件时的雨强较小;受作物覆盖影响,4种不同土地利用方式下,产流过程中的...     

典型强降雨下不同植被类型水土保持特征分析

设置地表径流观测场,观测强降雨下不同植被恢复5年后产流、产沙特征.试验结果表明,苦竹＋牛鞭草植被类型在此次强降雨为106.3mm情况下,产流、产沙量占其全年的15.24%和17.072%,调节降雨和抑制土壤侵蚀的能力最强;农耕地产流、产沙量占其全年的22.05%和31.65%,其中产沙量达其他3种植被类型的4.6-13.3倍,水土保持能力最弱;桦木＋牛鞭草、杂交竹＋牛鞭草植被类型因桦木生长和杂交竹间歇性采伐的原因,水土保持能力居于中等水平;对比农耕地来说,3种植被类型恢复后土壤侵蚀得到了有效控制,但强降雨下地表径流控制程度还较弱,需继续加强对土壤—植被系统的培育.     

不同介质组成的粗放型绿色屋面降雨出流水质

构建5个绿色屋面中试设施,考察不同介质组成的设施在实际降雨条件下出水水质状况并与降雨、沥青屋面径流、空白对照设施出水水质进行对比.结果表明,常用屋顶绿化复合介质设施的出流中,TP,NH4+-N和COD的平均质量浓度分别达到0.95,1.66,115mg·L-1,高于沥青屋面径流和空白对照设施的出水水质,使用无机复合介质和废弃物利用介质的设施出水水质优于对照屋面;从出水污染物质量负荷角度分析,使用上述3种类型介质的绿色屋面设施都不是TN,TP,TSS和COD的污染源,并能够减少雨水带来的NH4+-N负荷;绿色屋面设施植被层生长状况和出水中营养物质浓度呈现相关性,长势较好的设施出流中营养物质浓度较高;介质中添加给水厂污泥能够有效控制介质层P的淋失且不影响植物生长.     

喀斯特坡耕地裸坡侵蚀性降雨产流试验研究

为揭示喀斯特坡耕地土壤侵蚀驱动力——产流过程及机制,本研究采用人工模拟降雨试验,通过模拟典型喀斯特坡耕地耕作层、地表微地貌和地下孔(裂)隙构造,探索不同雨强(30,50,70和90mm/h)、坡度(5°,10°,15°,20°和25°)、地下孔(裂)隙度(1%,2%,3%,4%和5%)组合下坡耕地产流特征.结果表明:(1)对于地下产流降雨(雨强为30mm/h),喀斯特坡耕地坡面不产生地表径流,降雨全部转化为地下径流;不同地下孔(裂)隙度下的地下产流率大致相当,而不同坡度下的地下产流率差异较大.(2)对于地表产流降雨(50和70mm/h),地表地下均产生径流,其中地表产流率随坡度增加而增大,且随地下孔(裂)隙度增大而减小,而地下产流率则相反;(3)对于极端降雨(雨强90mm/h),地表产流率随坡度增加而增加,随地下孔(裂)隙度增大而减小,而地下径流则与地表径流相反.地下径流是喀斯特坡耕地主要产流方式,地下孔(裂)隙度和坡度共同影响着径流分布,而降雨强度决定着地表径流和地下径流率.     

典型喀斯特石漠化地区降雨产流产沙特征

为分析喀斯特石漠化地区降雨对水土流失的影响,以贵州省关岭-花江石漠化治理示范区2018年雨季17次侵蚀性降雨的产流产沙数据为例,对水土流失监测径流小区的次降雨特征、降雨产流产沙特征及两者相关性进行分析。结果表明:研究区不同土地利用方式坡面次降雨径流系数平均值为0. 175,降雨大部分入渗。不同径流小区降雨产流产沙存在显著差异,5块样地产流大小为柚木(Tectona grandis)地火龙果(Hylocereus undulatus Britt)地裸地花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim)地荒草地,产沙大小为柚木地火龙果地裸地荒草地花椒地。植被覆盖度、土壤厚度对坡面降雨产流、产沙均影响较大,土地利用方式及植被类型对坡面降雨产沙影响次之,对降雨产流影响较小。对径流小区的次降雨径流深、次降雨产沙模数及描述次降雨特征的各指标进行相关性分析,降雨产流与次降雨量之间相关性最好,5块样地平均相关系数为0. 864;降雨产沙与降雨总动能之间相关性最好,5块样地平均相关系数为0. 785。     

进水模式对植被浅沟雨水水文调控效能的影响研究

进水模式是影响植被浅沟雨水水文调控效能的主要因素之一。设计植被浅沟人工模拟试验装置,探讨不同进水模式下植被浅沟对径流量及径流峰值的影响。结果表明:在4 m~3/h恒定进水条件下,源头集中进水、沿途多点进水和沿途漫流进水3种进水模式下植被浅沟的径流总量控制率分别达到7.06%、8.33%和9.51%,径流峰值削减率分别为2.67%、5.83%和6.44%,峰现时间较传统管道排水分别延后9.6 min、10.3 min和12.2 min。以上表明采用沿途漫流进水的植被浅沟对雨水各水文参数的调控效能均优于其它进水模式。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to