拟步甲昆虫基因组DNA提取的比较研究

对拟步甲科8种昆虫的新鲜标本及无水乙醇浸泡标本，分别用SDS-蛋白酶K消化法和乙酸钾抽提法进行基因组总DNA的提取．经5次重复实验，结果表明，用两种方法均能从新鲜标本中获得较完整的DNA，且DNA得率较高；而对于无水乙醇保存的标本，提取出的DNA用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测不出DNA条带，说明标本在保存过程中DNA可能发生了变化，致使提取出的DNA量太少或未分离出DNA．通过对比实验，分析原因，阐明了两种方法的优缺点，并提出了该类昆虫用于DNA提取的标本的保存方法．     

土壤微生物DNA提取方法的研究

目的 研究土壤微生物DNA的提取方法.方法 选用3种常见有效的土壤微生物DNA提取方法与本实验设计的土壤微生物DNA提取方法对麦田土壤微生物DNA进行提取比较.结果 4种方法均能从麦田土壤中提取到片段长度大于22kb的DNA片段,不同方法提取的DNA浓度有一定的差异.提取得到的总DNA不需要纯化就可以用于PCR扩增,使用细菌16S rDNA的通用引物可以扩增得到相应的片段.结论 该法操作简便、提取快速、DNA纯度和得率较高.     

昆虫标本DNA提取的研究进展

昆虫标本是研究昆虫遗传变异的重要资源,在昆虫起源与进化和昆虫物种多样性研究中应用越来越广泛。本文综述了造成多年保存的昆虫标本DNA降解的原因,以及昆虫标本DNA的提取方法。     

扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)PF898基因组DNA提取方法的比较

利用CTAB法、SDS改进法和SDS快速法3种DNA提取代表性方法,对扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)PF898基因组DNA的提取进行比较研究.CTAB法提取的DNA样品纯度最高,SDS裂解法制备的DNA得率最高;CTAB法和SDS改进法所得DNA都可直接应用于限制性酶切分析;3种方法所提取的DNA均能满足扩展青霉PF898脂肪酶基因和18S rRNA的PCR扩增.总体而言,SDS法简便、快速、得率高,是一种理想的扩展青霉基因组DNA提取方法.     

瓢虫的16SrDNA序列扩增

提取酒精浸泡六斑月瓢虫标本的DNA,探讨酒精浸泡鞘翅目瓢虫科昆虫标本的核酸的提取方法,对提取得到的核酸进行PCR扩增,得到500bp大小的16SrDNA片段,确定这一方法提取的核酸进行PCR反应时的循环参数。     

一种快速简单高效提取植物DNA的方法

在综合分析多种提取植物DNA方法的基础上,改良发展了一种快速简便高效的DNA抽提方法.以多种植物的子叶、叶片以及愈伤组织为材料,采用本方法进行抽提纯化,得到的DNA质量好、得率高,且提取过程简单,适合于大批量快速提取植物DNA.     

试剂盒法提取蓖麻基因组DNA的条件优化

利用DNA提取试剂盒提取蓖麻叶片DNA,对其过程进行改良优化,从而获得一种快速、简便的提取蓖麻高质量基因组DNA的方法.在原试剂盒的操作基础上,对乙醇是否冰预冷、消化时间、洗脱液用量、材料用量等条件进行了优化,并对所提取的基因组DNA的浓度、纯度进行了检测.优化后的方法提取到了较高质量的蓖麻基因组DNA.     

一种简易的昆虫基因组DNA提取方法

报道了一种改进的昆虫基因组DNA 的提取方法.结果表明,该方法可在常温条件下,对多种昆虫及人体组织进行酚/氯仿抽提,DNA 得率较高,OD260/280 的值在1.6～1.9 之间.     

一种四膜虫线粒体DNA提取的新方法

本文根据四膜虫线粒体DNA（mtDNA）对碱稳定这一特性，建立了一种更为简便的，能直接提取四膜虫线粒体DNA的方法。该方法快速简便，重复性好，可用于游离细胞材料mtDNA的提取。     

大黄鱼基因组DNA的不同提取方法及RAPD扩增比较

采用三种方法提取大黄鱼肌肉基因组DNA,并以所提取的DNA为模板进行RAPD分析比较.结果表明,与传统方法、高盐抽提法相比,星普法具有快速简便、所需样品量少,所提取的DNA质量高等特点.三种方法所得的DNA分子量大小都在20kb以上,且RAPD扩增条带基本一致.     

网翅蝗科(Arcypteridae)部分种类全基因组提取及16S rRNA基因和COⅠ基因测序

通过实验提取中国甘肃境内网翅蝗科蝗虫全基因组DNA序列,探索了直翅目蝗虫的总 DNA提取方法;通过特异性引物,对线粒体16S rRNA基因和COⅠ基因序列进行了扩增,并通过 多次预实验探索这两个基因在网翅蝗科昆虫中扩增的最佳条件,为将来的网翅蝗科系统发育分析 奠定了实验基础.扩增好的样品用于测序,测序结果可用于分析6种蝗虫的系统发育关系.     

改进CTAB法快速大量提取小菜蛾幼虫基因组DNA

报道了一种为大量快速提取小菜蛾幼虫基因组DNA而改进的CTAB(溴代十六烷基三甲胺)法。研究结果表明,该方法比较简单、经济、有效,提取的基因组DNA完全能够满足PCR等分子生物学的研究分析。     

蚂蚁DNA提取方法的研究

针对不同体型的蚂蚁,提出了一套实用的总DNA提取方法.该方法依照虫体大小,分别采用冰冻固定后捣碎和剪刀剪碎两种方法破碎虫体,使材料利用充分,提高了提取效率.探讨了组织匀浆、DNA沉淀及溶解等实验中常见问题.结果表明,采用盐析法提取DNA,较传统的酚-氯仿抽提法简单、高效.     

利用RT-PCR技术鉴定人ZP3嵌合肽基因在昆虫细胞中的表达

目的：探讨在转录水平上对人卵透明带蛋白3(hZP3)嵌合肽在昆虫细胞中的表达鉴定．方法：用含目的基因的重组病毒感染昆虫细胞，用LiCl法提取RNA，以其为模板，利用一步法RT-PCR反转录出目的DNA．结果：琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示其PCR产物只有一条DNA条带且与目的基因大小一致，而阴性对照未见任何条带．结论：hZP3嵌和肽基因在重组病毒感染的昆虫细胞中成功转录，初步验证了目的基因的表达．     

昆虫全基因组DNA的保存及提取

以蚂蚁、天牛、蝗虫等昆虫为实验材料,建立了75%酒精常温浸泡密封保存和福尔马林常温浸泡密封保存昆虫样品2~4周后进行全基因组DNA提取的方法。基因组DNA经紫外分光光度法(260 nm、280 nm)、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、PCR检测,结果表明:从两种方法保存的样品中均能提取到纯净完整的基因组DNA,适用于分子生物学实验。     

Phylogenetic relationships of host insects of Cordyceps sinensis inferred from mitochondrial Cytochrome b sequences

This study used the sequence of the mitochondrial Cytochrome b(Cytb)to estimate phylogenetic relationships among host Hepialidae insects of Cordyceps sinensis.Genome DNA of host insect was extracted from the dead larva head part of 18 cordyceps populations and 2 species of Hepialus,and the Cytb fragment of host insect was amplified with PCR technique.The nucleotide sequence alignments and their homologous sequences of 24 species host Hepialidae insects of Cordyceps sinensis were obtained from GenBank and were used to construct phylogenetic trees based on neighbor-joining method.The results showed that genus Bipectilus diverged earlier than genus Hepialus and Hepialiscus.Hepialus host insects of Cordyceps sinensis have multitudinous species with different morphological characteristics and geographical distributions.The interspecific genetic differentiations are obvious in Hepialus.Thus,the genus Hepialus might be considered as polyphyletic origin.Cytb sequences have abundant variations among the host insects of Cordyceps sinensis on spe- cific and generic level.The divergence rate of Cytb sequences among the species in Hepialus ranged from 0.23% to 9.24%,except that Hepialus pratensis and Hepialus jinshaensis have the same sequence.Cytb sequence can be used for species identification of host insects of Cordyceps sinensis,but further confirmation in more host insect species is needed.To obtain the Cytb sequence of host insect by ampli- fying DNA extracted from the head part of dead larva in cordyceps turns out to be an effective and accurate approach,which will be useful for studies on phylogeny and genetic structure of host insects of cordyceps populations,especially for analyzing relationships between C. sinensis and its host insects.     

Phylogenetic relationships of host insects of Cordyceps sinensis inferred from mitochondrial Cytochrome b sequences

This study used the sequence of the mitochondrial Cytochrome b (Cytb) to estimate phylogenetic relationships among host Hepialidae insects of Cordyceps sinensis. Genome DNA of host insect was extracted from the dead larva head part of 18 cordyceps populations and 2 species of Hepialus, and the Cytb fragment of host insect was amplified with PCR technique. The nucleotide sequence alignments and their homologous sequences of 24 species host Hepialidae insects of Cordyceps sinensis were obtained from GenBank and were used to construct phylogenetic trees based on neighbor-joining method. The results showed that genus Bipectilus diverged earlier than genus Hepialus and Hepialiscus. Hepialus host insects of Cordyceps sinensis have multitudinous species with different morphological characteristics and geographical distributions. The interspecific genetic differentiations are obvious in Hepialus. Thus, the genus Hepialus might be considered as polyphyletic origin. Cytb sequences have abundant variations among the host insects of Cordyceps sinensis on specific and generic level. The divergence rate of Cytb sequences among the species in Hepialus ranged from 0.23% to 9.24%, except that Hepialus pratensis and Hepialus jinshaensis have the same sequence. Cytb sequence can be used for species identification of host insects of Cordyceps sinensis, but further confirmation in more host insect species is needed. To obtain the Cytb sequence of host insect by amplifying DNA extracted from the head part of dead larva in cordyceps turns out to be an effective and accurate approach, which will be useful for studies on phylogeny and genetic structure of host insects of cordyceps populations, especially for analyzing relationships between C. sinensis and its host insects.     

中国漠王族干标本DNA提取及部分类群发育关系

为了降低昆虫分子系统学研究中的成本,提高资源利用率,本实验利用干制标本提取基因组DNA.通过对河北大学馆藏30年的漠甲亚科不同保存期干标本与液浸标本DNA的提取和特定基因片段PCR(聚合酶链式反应)扩增,获得一致效果.通过细胞色素B(Cytb)基因片段序列信息构建系统树并与传统分类学做比较,探讨了漠王族部分种类的系统进化关系,研究结果支持Reitter(1893)建立的Platyopini和Pimeliini是2个独立族的观点,而不同意Beutle等(2005)将它们合并为1个族的观点.研究结果为利用鞘翅目昆虫干标本进行分子系统学研究提供了借鉴.