MB26镁合金显微组织及其对力学性能的影响

本文报道了对MB26镁合金显微组织的研究结果及其对力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,在Mg-Zn-Zr合金中添加钇混合稀土可使铸态镁合金晶界变窄,并细化晶内析出物。随着钇稀土含量的增加,合金金相组织从等轴晶粒向亚共晶组织转变。钇稀土含量的增加,不会导致钇稀土元素向晶界大量富集,使晶界宽化。在含Z相的MB26合金中经挤压后,大致发生以下反应:Mg_6Y(Re)Zn_6(?)Mg_3Y(Re)_2Zn_3+MgZn_2,MgZn_2是镁合金的强化相。在挤压后的MB26镁合金中,沿压缩的原始晶界,有颗粒的Y(Re)-Zn相生成,这对合金力学性能有不良影响,在晶内有弥散细小的Mg-Y(Re)相生成,这是合金的强化相。在挤压状态下,钇稀土含量较小的MB26合金则产生亚晶界,并伴有细小析出相沿亚晶分布而强化合金;在钇稀土含量较大(2.65％wt)则没有亚晶形成,但晶内析出大量细小弥散强化质点,使合金得到强化。含钇稀土在(0.79～2.65％wt)范围内均能得到约370MPa的抗拉强度,比不添加钇稀土的Mg-Zn-Zr合金高出30MPa左右。     

微量Y对Mg–2Zn–0.1Mn–0.3Ca–xY生物镁合金显微组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响

研究了添加微量Y元素对Mg–2Zn–0.3Ca–0.1Mn–xY(x = 0,0.1,0.2,0.3)生物镁合金显微组织、力学性能和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,当Y含量从0wt%增加到0.3wt%时,晶粒尺寸从310 μm下降至144 μm,第二相体积分数从0.4%增长至6.0%,合金的屈服强度不断提高,抗拉强度和伸长率均先降低后升高。当Y元素含量提高到0.3wt%时,合金中开始析出Mg₃Zn₆Y相,且合金具有最优异的力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为119 MPa、69 MPa和9.1%。另外,Y含量为0.3wt%时,Mg–2Zn–0.3Ca–0.1Mn–xY合金在模拟体液中表现出最优耐蚀性能。力学性能和耐蚀性能的提高主要归功于晶粒细化和析出的Mg₃Zn₆Y相。     

稀土元素Y对变形镁合金ZK60的组织和性能的影响

通过对Mg-6.0Zn-1.2Y、Mg-6.0Zn-0.6Zr-1.0Y变形镁合金挤压态及经过各种热处理的试样的显微纽织分析及力学性能研究,探讨了微量稀土元素Y在ZK60合金中的存在形式和作用机理对该合金组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,稀土元素Y能使变形镁合金ZK60晶粒明显得到细化,晶界也变细;当添加的稀土Y含量为1.0%wt时,大量的Y和Zn在晶界富集,Y-Zn相颗粒变大,导致其强度下降,而延伸率增加.     

Y对镁合金显微组织的影响

本文研究了不同Y含量对Ng—Zn—Zr合金显微组织的影响,并对析出相进行了鉴定,探讨了析出相析出过程及对合金力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,Y含量变化能使合金晶界状况发生变化,当Y含量小于0.94％wt时,可使合金晶界窄化,当Y含量大于0.94％wt后,反而使晶界重新粗化,在三角或四角晶界处出现共晶组织;当Y含量大于0.94％wt时,Y趋向晶界富集,并与在晶界富集的Zn形成颗粒较大的Y—Zn相,对合金力学性能产生不利影响;在该合金中,适当的Y含量(约0.94％wt)可提高合金挤压态下的抗拉强度,其强化机理主要是由于Y能使晶界窄化,金相组织均匀,并能使Y与Mg形成弥散强化相,使晶内产生亚晶等原因所致。     

Ca,Sr对AM80镁合金显微组织和高温蠕变性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和高温蠕变试验机等实验手段研究了碱土元素Ca,Sr对AM80镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:在AM80合金中复合添加0.2%Sr和0.5%~2.5%Ca,Ca、Sr元素可逐步细化合金的铸态组织,Ca原子与Al原子优先结合在晶界处生成了高熔点相Al2Ca,抑制了低熔点相-βMg17Al12的形成.AM80合金在高温蠕变过程中,-βMg17Al12相在晶界处存在连续析出和非连续析出2种形式.-βMg17Al12相非连续析出并且垂直于晶界,造成合金蠕变性能较差.当在合金中复合添加Ca,Sr后,高熔点相Al2Ca是主要的晶界强化相,替代低熔点的-βMg17Al12相,从而减少-βMg17Al12相的非连续析出,抑制了晶界滑动,改善了合金的高温蠕变性能.当Ca质量分数增加到2.5%时,合金的高温蠕变性能最优.     

稀土钇强化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金的组织特征

在熔炼过程中以铝钇中间合金形式加入Y元素,研究0～0.30%范围内不同Y加入量对铝合金铸态和均匀化处理后凝固组织的影响.金相显微和扫描电镜检测结果显示:当Y的加入量在0.25%时,铸态组织中晶粒细化效果明显,晶粒度由基体的60～70μm下降到40～50μm,二次枝晶间距减小,晶界处的主要平衡相是T(AlZnMgCu)相和含Y相.经过450℃,12h的均匀化处理后,晶界不再粗大、连续,析出物呈点链状或长条状.对于0.25%Y-7055合金,晶界中析出相不再明显,晶界、晶内可见2～3μm的含Y相Al3Y和Al2Y,加Y后的合金组织材料性能得到改善.     

Mg-8Zn-4Al-(0～1)Sr镁合金铸态组织中的第二相研究

通过扫描电镜观察(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)以及差热分析(DSC)等实验手段,系统地研究了添加微量Sr元素(质量分数0～1%)对铸态Mg-8Zn-4Al(ZA84)镁合金组织中的第二相种类的影响,并阐明了第二相形成与演变的内在机理。实验结果表明:未添加Sr元素的铸态Mg-8Zn-4Al合金组织由Q准晶相和少量Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相组成。添加Sr元素后,合金铸态组织中均存在Al_4Sr和Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相;其中Al_4Sr相随Sr含量增加而增加,Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相随Sr含量增加而减少。在Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相中Sr元素以未固溶和固溶两种形式存在,其中未固溶Sr元素的Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49)相具有相对较高的Zn原子浓度和较低的Al原子浓度。相关结果将为第二相析出强化型Mg-8Zn-4Al合金的高强化与耐热化设计提供必要的理论支撑。     

Zn含量对AlMgSiCu合金组织和力学性能的影响

使用常规铸锭冶金方法制备了不同Zn含量的AlMgSiCu合金.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸测试和纳米压痕方法研究了Zn含量对铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.研究发现Zn元素能够轻微细化AlMgSiCu合金铸态组织.随着合金中Zn含量的增加,铸态铝合金的晶界变宽,晶界析出相增多.Zn的添加未影响铸态合金的相组成和形貌.随Zn含量的增加,铝合金的强度和延伸率呈现先增后降的变化趋势,添加质量分数0.5%Zn可使合金具有最高的强度,而0.75%Zn使合金获得最高延伸率.对含Zn铝合金的纳米压痕测量表明:随着Zn含量的增加,铝合金的弹性模量呈现逐步降低的趋势.     

Cu含量对AZ61镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼技术制备出不同Cu含量的AZ61镁合金,采用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等方法研究了Cu元素对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Cu元素以三元AlCuMg相存在于合金中,主要分布在晶界处及枝晶间;添加Cu元素后能够细化合金铸态组织,并使β-Mg17Al12相数量减少、尺寸变细;随着Cu含量增加,挤压态合金强度先上升后下降,而延伸率只有当Cu含量达到1%时才开始显著下降。其中AZ61-1Cu具有最佳的综合力学性能,屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别为230 MPa、321 MPa和9.7%;当Cu含量为1.5%时,粗大的AlCuMg相割裂了合金基体,使合金力学性能下降。     

铸态Mg-2Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr-xY镁合金组织及力学性能

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X线衍射分析(XRD)及力学性能测试等手段,研究不同含量稀土元素Y(4%,6%,8%,质量分数)对Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4%Zr镁合金铸态显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:在Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4%Zr镁合金中添加Y可以明显细化合金晶粒,其中加入6%Y时效果最佳;合金晶粒粒径由100μm细化至35μm。未添加稀土元素的Mg-2%Nd-0.2%Zn-0.4Zr铸态合金中主要存在Mg12Nd相;加入稀土元素Y后,Nd和Y分别以Mg41Nd5和Mg24Y5化合物形式存在,合金的力学性能得到提高。其中加入6%Y的合金综合力学性能最好,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高至245 MPa和150 MPa,而伸长率大幅提高至16%,较未加稀土元素Y的合金提高191%;当Y含量达到8%时,合金综合力学性能下降。     

In vitro corrosion of Mg–1.21Li –1.12Ca –1Y alloy

The influence of the microstructure on mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the Mg–1.21Li–1.12Ca–1Y alloy was investigated using OM, SEM, XRD, EPMA, EDS, tensile tests and corrosion measurements. The results demonstrated that the microstructure of the Mg–1.21Li–1.12Ca–1Y alloy was characterized by α-Mg substrate and intermetallic compounds Mg2 Ca and Mg24Y5. Most of the fine Mg2 Ca particles for the as-cast alloy were distributed along the grain boundaries, while for the as-extruded along the extrusion direction. The Mg24Y5 particles with a larger size than the Mg2 Ca particles were positioned inside the grains. The mechanical properties of Mg–1.21Li–1.12Ca–1Y alloy were improved by the grain refinement and dispersion strengthening. Corrosion pits initiated at the α-Mg matrix neighboring the Mg2 Ca particles and subsequently the alloy exhibited general corrosion and filiform corrosion as the corrosion product layer of Mg(OH)2and Mg CO3 became compact and thick.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a large-sized ingot of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy after a lower-temperature homogenization treatment

In this paper, a large-sized ingot of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy with a diameter of 600 mm was successfully prepared by the semi-continuous casting method. The alloy was subsequently annealed at a relatively low temperature of 430℃ for 12 h as a homogenization treatment. The microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated systematically. The results show that the as-cast alloy contained a mass of discontinuous lamellar-shaped 18R long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases with a composition of Mg₁₀ZnY and an α-Mg matrix, along with net-shaped Mg₅(Y,Gd) eutectic compounds at the grain boundaries. Most of the eutectic compounds dissolved after the homogenization treatment. Moreover, the amount and dimensions of the lamellar-shaped LPSO phase obviously increased after the homogenization treatment. The structure of the phase transformed into 14H-type LPSO with composition Mg₁₂Zn(Y,Gd). The mechanical properties of the heat-treated large-sized alloy ingot are uniform. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and tensile yield strength (TYS) of the alloy reached 207.2 MPa and 134.8 MPa, respectively, and the elongation was 3.4%. The high performances of the large-sized alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment is attributed to the strengthening of the α-Mg solid solution and to the plentiful LPSO phase distributed over the α-Mg matrix.     

Effects of P addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si alloy

The effects of Al-P addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si magnesium alloy were investigated. The results show that the phases of the as-cast alloy are composed of α-Mg, Mg2 Sn, Mg2 Si, little P, and AlP. The Chinese character shape Mg2 Si phase changes into a granular morphology by P addition because AlP can act as a heterogeneous nucleation core for the Mg2 Si phase. When 0.225wt% of Al–3.5%P alloy is added, the mechanical properties of the Mg–5%Sn–1.25%Si alloy are greatly improved, and the tensile strength increases from 156 to 191 MPa, an increase of 22.4% compared to the alloy without P addition. When the amount of Al–3.5%P reaches 0.300wt%, a segregation phenomenon occurs in the granular Mg2 Si phase, and the tensile strength and hardness decrease though the elongation increases.     

多主元FeNiMnCr0.75Alx高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的研究

研究了合金中Al含量的增加对铸态FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x（x=0.25，0.5，0.75，原子分数）高熵合金晶体结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合金的微观结构及形貌进行分析，采用维氏硬度计和MTS万能试验机测试合金的硬度和室温压缩性能。试验结果表明，铸态下，FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x高熵合金均由bcc和fcc两种晶体结构的相构成。随着Al含量的增加，合金中bcc结构的相的相对含量逐渐增加，导致硬度和压缩屈服强度也随之升高，应变量降低；且Al含量的增加最终也促使合金中无序bcc结构的相逐渐转变为Ni：（Mn+Al）=1：1（原子分数比）型有序bcc结构的相。     

Effects of Sn addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg- Zn-Al alloys

The effects of Sn addition(0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3 wt%) on microstructure of Mg-4Zn-1.5Al alloy in cast and extruded states were investigated, and the mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg-4Zn-1.5Al-xSn studied. The experimental results showed that the as-cast Mg-4Zn-1.5Al alloy was composed of two phases α-Mg and Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49), while Sn-containing alloys consisted of α-Mg, Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49) and Mg_2Sn phases, and Mg_(32)(Al, Zn)_(49) was not detected after extruding due to that the most of them dissolved into the matrix during the homogenized treatment. The addition of Sn refined the grains of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-Zn-Al alloys obviously. It was noted that the basal texture intensity reduced with increasing Sn content significantly in as-extruded Mg-Zn-Al alloys. The tensile tests results indicated that Sn addition improve the tensile strength of the extruded alloys,while it had a harmful effect on the ductility. When the addition of Sn was 2 wt%, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS), yield strength(YS) and elongation(ε_f) of the alloy were 280 MPa, 147 MPa and 17.4%, respectively.     

Cu含量对喷射成形7055铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、冲击试验以及微观组织观察试验,分析降低Cu含量对喷射成形7055铝合金强度、断裂韧性和微观组织的影响。力学性能试验表明,7055铝合金中Cu的质量分数由2.55%降低到2.17%时,对其强度和伸长率影响不大,但Cu含量降低后合金的断裂韧性显著提高。微观组织分析表明,Cu含量降低前晶界上存在粗大的Al₇Cu₂Fe相,Cu含量降低后晶界上的粗大析出相明显减少;断口分析表明,Cu含量降低前拉伸断口中存在较多的Al₇Cu₂Fe第二相,Cu含量降低后Al₇Cu₂Fe第二相明显减少。     

Effect of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The as-cast and heat-treated microstructures and mechanical properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloys with and without minor Sc addition were investigated and compared in this paper. The results indicated that adding0.15–0.45 wt% Sc to the as-cast AZ91 alloy not only could modify and refine the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase but also suppress the formation of the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. At the same time, the grains of the Sc-containing as-cast AZ91 alloys were also effectively refined. As a result, the mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) for the Sccontaining as-cast AZ91 alloys were effectively improved. In addition, adding 0.15–0.45 wt%Sc to the AZ91 alloy promoted the formation of the continuous precipitates(CP) during the aging treatment in spite of that the formation of the discontinuous precipitates(DP) was simultaneously suppressed. Accordingly, the Sc-containing as-aged AZ91 alloys obtained the relatively higher mechanical properties at RT than the as-aged AZ91 alloy.     

The evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties during high-speed direct-chill casting in different Al-Mg2Si in situ composites

The effect of high-speed direct-chill (DC) casting on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg₂Si in situ composites and AA6061 alloy was investigated. The microstructural evolution of the Al-Mg₂Si composites and AA6061 alloy was examined by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed that an increase of the casting speed substantially refined the primary Mg₂Si particles (from 28 to 12 μm), the spacing of eutectic Mg₂Si (from 3 to 0.5 μm), and the grains of AA6061 alloy (from 102 to 22 μm). The morphology of the eutectic Mg₂Si transformed from lamellar to rod-like and fibrous with increasing casting speed. The tensile tests showed that the yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation improved at higher casting speeds because of refinement of the Mg₂Si phase and the grains in the Al-Mg₂Si composites and the AA6061 alloy. High-speed DC casting is demonstrated to be an effective method to improve the mechanical properties of Al-Mg₂Si composites and AA6061 alloy billets.