TiO2/Bi4V2O11复合光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

目的水热法制备TiO_2/Bi_4V_2O_(11)复合光催化剂并对其催化活性进行研究。方法采用XRD,BET,UV-Vis等表征手段研究催化剂的晶相结构和性能,并通过测试该复合结构对罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)的可见光催化降解评估其光催化活性。结果实验结果表明,复合物的光催化效果与纯的Bi_4V_2O_(11)和TiO_2光催化剂相比,TiO_2负载量为50%时,TiO_2/Bi_4V_2O_(11)复合光催化剂降解RhB具有更高的可见光催化活性。结论 TiO_2/Bi_4V_2O_(11)样品光催化性能的提高归因于增大了催化剂的比表面积以及TiO_2与Bi_4V_2O_(11)形成了异质结,从而有效抑制光生电子-空穴对的复合,并根据捕获实验提出了可能的光催化机理。     

NiFe2O4/TiO2纳米颗粒材料的磁性及光催化性能研究

采用水热合成工艺制备了NiFe_2O_4纳米颗粒材料与NiFe_2O_4/TiO_2纳米复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的微观结构与形貌进行了测试与表征,利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的磁学性能进行了测试与分析,并研究了NiFe_2O_4/TiO_2纳米复合材料对罗丹明(RhB)的光催化降解性能.研究表明,反应温度对NiFe_2O_4样品的微观结构与磁性有重要的影响,软磁相NiFe_2O_4的存在不但有效地提高了NiFe_2O_4/TiO_2纳米复合材料光催化性能,而且赋予了其良好的磁分离特性.     

CaFe_2O_4/TiO_2光催化制氢性能

本文制备了p-n复合半导体光催化剂CaFe_2O_4/TiO_2,采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪(UV-Vis DRS)及电化学工作站对光催化剂的结构和性能进行表征。以模拟太阳光催化产氢速率评价p-n复合半导体光催化剂CaFe_2O_4/TiO_2的光催化活性。探讨光催化剂中CaFe_2O_4添加量、甲醛浓度、反应体系pH对光催化产氢性能的影响,并对光催化活性的提高进行了机制分析。结果表明:CaFe_2O_4的导带比TiO_2的导带更负,同时在CaFe_2O_4/TiO_2内存在内建电场,两者均促进了电子从CaFe_2O_4向TiO_2的迁移,增强了光催化活性,0.4%CaFe_2O_4/TiO_2具有最高的光催化活性,2 h内的产氢速率达到0.989 mmol/(g·h)。此外,CaFe_2O_4/TiO_2的稳定性较好,可多次循环使用。     

Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

在氟化铵-乙二醇体系中,采用阳极氧化法在铁基体上制备Fe_2O_3纳米管阵列,然后以氟钛酸铵为钛源,利用水热法在Fe_2O_3纳米管阵列上负载TiO_2纳米片,制得Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列,利用SEM、EDS、XRD、TEM、UV-Vis等手段,对所制Fe_2O_3/TiO_2纳米管阵列的表面形貌、物相结构及光催化性能进行表征,并分析Fe_2O_3/TiO_2纳米结构对亚甲基蓝的可见光降解能力。结果表明,Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列具有良好的可见光响应;NH_4F浓度为0.4%、水热反应3h制备的Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合结构具有最佳的光催化性能,对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达90%。     

低气压等离子喷涂TiO_2涂层的电学性能研究

本文利用改变低气压等离子喷涂(LPPS)TiO_2时工艺参数的方法,发现了TiO_2涂层还具有优良的电学性能。得出涂层的电导率与喷涂过程中TiO_2的氧分解量成比例增加,但涂层中的Ti_2O_3含量对电导率影响较大。涂层的光电流-电位特性依赖于涂层结构,当金红石形TiO_2涂层中含有适量的Ti_3O_5和Magneli相时,表现出最佳光电流-电位特性,并与光强度成正比例关系,若涂层全部由金红石形TiO_2或Ti_2O_3,Ti_3O_5和Magneli组成时,光电流-电位特性消失。     

TiO_2光催化降解亚甲基蓝机理的研究

进行了亚甲基蓝光解、吸附及光催化对比实验,以及·OH清除剂叔丁醇、电子空穴对(e^-,h-,h⁺)结合抑制剂过氧化氢、空穴(h_(VB)+)结合抑制剂过氧化氢、空穴(h_(VB)⁺)清除剂碘化钾、单线态氧(+)清除剂碘化钾、单线态氧(¹O_2)清除剂叠氮钠、超氧自由基(O_21O_2)清除剂叠氮钠、超氧自由基(O_2^(·-))清除剂苯醌对TiO_2光催化降解亚甲基蓝降解率的影响实验,同时测定了光催化反应过程中H_2O_2的生成,证明了TiO_2光催化降解亚甲基蓝体系中主要活性氧形态为·OH,O_2(·-))清除剂苯醌对TiO_2光催化降解亚甲基蓝降解率的影响实验,同时测定了光催化反应过程中H_2O_2的生成,证明了TiO_2光催化降解亚甲基蓝体系中主要活性氧形态为·OH,O_2^(·-)和(·-)和¹O_2.     

具有不同{001}晶面暴露分数的纳米TiO_2制备及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为钛源、氢氟酸(HF)为形貌控制剂,采用水热法分别制备了具有40%、73%和85%{001}晶面暴露分数的纳米锐钛矿相TiO_2单晶.所制备TiO_2样品采用X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收(UV-Vis DRS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试方法进行结构和形貌表征,在此基础上评价紫外光照射下的降解甲基橙(MO)性能.结果表明:所制备TiO_2样品2 h之内对MO的降解率分别为:100%(TiO_2-9)93%(TiO_2-3)80%(TiO_2-6),Ti O_2的光催化性能是晶面效应、尺寸效应以及载流子的分离及迁移效率等协同作用的结果.     

UV/H2O2协同作用下TiO2/CNT中空纤维膜水处理性能

提出了一种H_2O_2协同光催化膜分离技术,通过向光催化膜分离过程中投加H_2O_2,在光催化、UV/H_2O_2过程和光芬顿过程的协同下拓宽活性物种产生路径,进而提高膜在水中的污染物降解能力.通过湿法纺丝-异相成核法制备了TiO_2/碳纳米管(CNT)中空纤维膜,该过程避免了TiO_2高温转晶的过程,且TiO_2和CNT的复合可以形成异质结结构,在一定程度上抑制TiO_2光生电子空穴对的再结合,有助于提高光催化效率.苯酚处理实验显示,H_2O_2协同TiO_2/CNT中空纤维膜过程可以在停留时间为1.5s时实现对苯酚的高效降解,去除率达59.2%.分离实验表明,运行120min后,H_2O_2协同光催化膜过程膜通量基本维持不变,分别是单独膜分离过程、光催化膜分离过程、H_2O_2协同膜分离过程的2.5、1.3、1.7倍.     

用TiO_2-Al_2O_3混合载体提高镍催化剂抗结碳性能的研究

用混合法制备一系列α-Al_2O_3 TiO_2的混合载体,用湿浸法制成Ni/(α-Al_3O_3-TiO_2)催化剂。在动态热重装置上,利用正庚烷的蒸汽转化反应考察载体中不同的TiO_2含量对积碳速率的影响。结果表明,载体中适当的TiO_2加量(TiO_2含量占30％左右)能明显地改善催化剂的抗结碳性能。本文根据积碳机理对实验得出的积碳速率与载体中TiO_2含量之间的“V”形曲线关系,进行了初步探讨,并对Ni/TiO_2上积碳的负活化能进行了讨论。     

α-Bi_2O_3/TiO_2纳米粒子的制备及其光催化性能的研究

采用两步水热法合成了α-Bi2O3/TiO_2纳米粒子,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和紫外-可见固体漫反射光谱(DRS)对其进行了表征,以罗丹明B(Rh B)为模型污染物评价了其光催化活性,结果表明:在模拟可见光源的照射下,α-Bi2O3/TiO_2比α-Bi2O3、TiO_2单体具有更好地光催化活性,当α-Bi_2O_3与TiO_2的摩尔比为1︰5时复合纳米粒子的光催化活性最佳,光照150 min降解率为98.5%.经过3次循环利用,α-Bi2O3/TiO_2纳米粒子具有较好的稳定性.     

TiO2对合成渣中Fe2O3还原发泡过程的影响

研究了不同条件下TiO2和Fe2O3在合成渣中被碳还原时的发泡过程．计算了该发泡过程的发泡系数、消泡系数、平均发泡寿命、发泡强度和消泡过程开始的时间．用熔渣发泡参数定量地讨论了温度、TiO2加入量和初渣中TiC的含量对熔渣发泡过程的影响，发现当初渣中TiC的含量和TiO2加入量较多时，在发泡时会产生二次发泡现象．     

Effect of TiO2 on the viscosity and structure of low-fluoride slag used for electroslag remelting of Ti-containing steels

The viscosity of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO–(TiO2) slag was measured using a rotating crucible viscometer. Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed to correlate the viscosity to slag structure. The viscosity of the slag was found to decrease with increasing TiO2 con-tent in the slag from 0 to 9.73wt%. The activation energy decreased from 95.16 kJ/mol to 79.40 kJ/mol with increasing TiO2 content in the slag. The introduction of TiO2 into the slag played a destructive role in Al–O–Al structural units and Q4 units by forming simpler structural units of Q2 and426TiO- chain. The amount of Al–O–Al significantly decreased with increasing TiO2 content. The relative fraction of4Q units in the [AlO4]5?-tetrahedral units shows a decreasing trend, whereas the relative fraction of2Q units and426TiO- chain increases with increasing TiO2 content accordingly. Consequently, the polymerization degree of the slag decreases with increasing TiO2 content. The varia-tion in slag structure is consistent with the change in measured viscosity.     

超细矿渣高性能混凝土试验及水化研究

用超细矿渣粉等材料制备了Ｃ８０以上的高性能混凝土,并研究了超细矿渣水泥的水化。结果表明,超细矿渣粉不仅可提高新拌混凝土的工作性能,而且能大幅度提高水泥及混凝土的力学性能。研究还发现,超细矿渣的水化活性较高,在水泥水化早期就大量生成胶凝性水化产物,从而减少了水泥石中的Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２含量,改善水泥石及混凝土的微观结构。     

Effects of MgO and TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on the viscous behaviors and phase compositions of titanium-bearing slag

The effects of MgO and TiO₂ on the viscosity, activation energy for viscous flow, and break-point temperature of titanium-bearing slag were studied. The correlation between viscosity and slag structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, main phases in the slag and their content changes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Factsage 6.4 software package. The results show that the viscosity decreases when the MgO content increases from 10.00wt% to 14.00wt%. Moreover, the break-point temperature increases, and the activation energy for viscous flow initially increases and subsequently decreases. In addition, with increasing TiO₂ content from 5.00wt% to 9.00wt%, the viscosity decreases, and the break-point temperature and activation energy for viscous flow initially decrease and subsequently increase. FTIR analyses reveal that the polymerization degree of complex viscous units in titanium-bearing slag decreases with increasing MgO and TiO₂ contents. The mechanism of viscosity variation was elucidated. The basic phase in experimental slags is melilite. Besides, as the MgO content increases, the amount of magnesia–alumina spinel in the slag increases. Similarly, the sum of pyroxene and perovskite phases in the slag increases with increasing TiO₂ content.     

冷却方式对低钛高炉渣矿物组成和矿相结构的影响

应用X射线衍射仪、偏光显微镜和扫描电镜对水淬和空冷低钛高炉渣的矿相组成、显微结构、TiO2分布规律及其差异性进行研究.结果表明：水淬渣和空冷渣中主要矿物组成均为玻璃质、钙钛矿、钙铝黄长石和镁硅钙石,但是两种炉渣中各矿物组分含量相差较大,空冷渣中钙铝黄长石和钙钛矿的平均体积分数分别为62.5%和12.5%,是水淬渣中钙铝黄长石和钙钛矿的2.27倍和1.92倍,而玻璃质的平均体积分数不足水淬渣的1/3.水淬渣和空冷渣中矿相显微结构差异较大,空冷渣中钙铝黄长石为钉齿状,而水淬渣中钙铝黄长石为呈羽毛状和针状,且结晶粒度较小,钙钛矿在水淬渣和空冷渣中分别呈星点状和树枝状分布,两种炉渣中镁硅钙石都为纺锤体形;水淬渣中TiO2主要分布在钙钛矿、玻璃质和钙铝黄长石中,而空冷渣中TiO2主要分布在钙钛矿和钙铝黄长石中,并且空冷渣中钙钛矿TiO2的分布率比水淬渣高8.41%,空冷方式更有利于将TiO2聚集在钙钛矿中.     

中性气氛下钒钛磁铁矿高炉渣系研究

以钒钛磁铁矿现场高炉渣为基础,纯化学试剂调制渣样,在中性气氛条件下研究了炉渣二元碱度及Mg O,Al2O3,Ti O2,V2O5含量对实验渣系冶金性能的影响.结果表明:增加碱度和Mg O含量,炉渣熔化性温度(tm)、初始黏度(η0)和高温黏度(ηh)呈先降低后升高趋势;增大Al2O3含量,炉渣tm升高,η0先降低后升高,ηh呈上升趋势;增大Ti O2含量,炉渣tm升高,η0和ηh逐渐下降,炉渣黏流活化能升高,热稳定性变差;增大V2O5含量,炉渣tm先降低后升高,η0和ηh逐渐增大.高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿适宜渣系为:二元碱度1.15,Mg O,Al2O3,Ti O2,V2O5质量分数分别为13%,13%,7%,0.30%.     

Fluoride evaporation and crystallization behavior of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–(TiO2) slag for electroslag remelting of Ti-containing steels

To elucidate the behavior of slag films in an electroslag remelting process, the fluoride evaporation and crystallization of CaF₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–(TiO₂) slags were studied using the single hot thermocouple technique. The crystallization mechanism of TiO₂-bearing slag was identified based on kinetic analysis. The fluoride evaporation and incubation time of crystallization in TiO₂-free slag are found to considerably decrease with decreasing isothermal temperature down to 1503 K. Fish-bone and flower-like CaO crystals precipitate in TiO₂-free slag melt, which is accompanied by CaF₂ evaporation from slag melt above 1503 K. Below 1503 K, only near-spherical CaF₂ crystals form with an incubation time of less than 1 s, and the crystallization is completed within 1 s. The addition of 8.1wt% TiO₂ largely prevents the fluoride evaporation from slag melt and promotes the slag crystallization. TiO₂ addition leads to the precipitation of needle-like perovskite (CaTiO₃) crystals instead of CaO crystals in the slag. The crystallization of perovskite (CaTiO₃) occurs by bulk nucleation and diffusion-controlled one-dimensional growth.     

Sol-Gel Preparation of TiO2/SiO2 Nanocomposites and Their Application in Self- cleaning Textiles

The present study involves the preparation of TiO2/SiO2 nanocrystals and their application in self-clcaning wool-polyester fabrics. The TiO2/SiO2 nanocrystals were successfully synthesized and deposited onto wool-polyester fabrics using the low-temperature sol-gel technique. The as-prepared nanoeomposites and the nanocomposites coated samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, respectively. The XRD and SEM results showed that the single-phase anatase nanocrystallites were formed and loaded on the fabric surface successfully. The photocatalytic activities of TiO2 -coated and TiO2/SiO2-coated wool-polyester fabrics were measured by studying photodegradation of methylene blue dye. Comparison of the photocatalytic activity of the coated samples reveals superiority of TiO2/SiO2 modified sample with respect to that of pure TiO2 modified sample. Our observations indicate that by applying this technique to the fabrics, self-cleaning materials can be designed for practical application.     

基于综合加权评分法的钒钛磁铁矿高炉渣系优化

在实验室条件下,以国内某钢铁企业提供的钒钛磁铁矿现场高炉渣为基础,利用纯化学试剂调整炉渣成分,采用RTW熔体物性测定仪进行了5因素4水平的正交试验研究,检测了炉渣冶金性能;然后运用综合加权评分法对试验结果进行分析,探索得出高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿的适宜渣系:二元碱度R2115,MgO质量分数14%,Al2O3质量分数13%,TiO2质量分数7%,V2O5质量分数020%.对渣系综合指标影响从大到小依次为:V2O5含量,MgO含量,二元碱度R2,TiO2含量,Al2O3含量.     

TiO2对含铬高钛熔分渣熔化性能和黏度的影响

A study on the melting and viscosity properties of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag (CaO–SiO₂–MgO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–Cr₂O₃) with TiO₂ contents ranging from 38.63wt% to 42.63wt% was conducted. The melting properties were investigated with a melting-point apparatus, and viscosity was measured using the rotating cylinder method. The FactSage 7.1 software and X-ray diffraction, in combination with scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), were used to characterize the phase equilibrium and microstructure of chromium-containing high-titanium melting slags. The results indicated that an increase in the TiO₂ content led to a decrease in the viscosity of the chromium-containing high-titanium melting slag. In addition, the softening temperature, hemispheric temperature, and flowing temperature decreased with increasing TiO₂ content. The amount of crystallized anosovite and sphene phases gradually increased with increasing TiO₂ content, whereas the amount of perovskite phase decreased. SEM observations revealed that the distribution of the anosovite phase was dominantly influenced by TiO₂.