电应力对Al/SnAgCu/Cu互连结构剪切强度及断裂模式的影响

连结构的剪切失效位置和失效模式,分析了两种不同应力条件下互连结构失效形貌间的差异,研究并确定了高电流应力导致的电迁移对Al/SnAgCu/Cu互连结构剪切强度及断裂模式的影响.结果表明:高温老化实验后,倒装凸点互连结构中出现Al金属/焊料界面的脆性开裂和凸点焊料的延展性断裂两种剪切断裂模式;高温高电流应力条件下老化后,...     

基于丢失手缺陷的IC互连线失效评估新模型

在分析现有的集成路互连线失效评估模型的基础上,提出了一种考虑丢失物缺陷影响的IC互连接线电迁移损失新模型.在IC电路设计中,这种新模型可用于估计与丢失物缺陷及其它因素有关的IC互连线电迁移损失.     

基于丢失手缺陷的IC互连线失效评估新模型

在分析现有的集成路互连线失效评估模型的基础上,提出了一种考虑丢失物缺陷影响的IC互连接线电迁移损失新模型.在IC电路设计中,这种新模型可用于估计与丢失物缺陷及其它因素有关的IC互连线电迁移损失.     

面向未来需求的细间距电化学沉积金凸点工艺

研究了电化学沉积金凸点的晶圆级直径和厚度分布及表面粗糙度随电镀电流密度和镀槽温度的变化。电化学沉积的金凸点在整个晶圆上的各个位置和方向上直径都增大了。当在40℃下电镀时,金凸点的直径分布与光刻胶的分布规律相似;而电镀温度为60℃时,金凸点的直径分布更倾向于对称分布。其次,当镀槽温度从40℃提高到60℃或者电镀电流密度从8 mA/cm^2降低到3mA/cm^2时,金凸点的厚度分布更加均匀。再次,60℃下电镀的金凸点表面粗糙度为130到160纳米并与电镀电流密度无关,但是在40℃下电镀时,表面粗糙度随着电镀电流密度的增加从82 nm急剧增加到1572 nm。     

Al－Si（1％）互连线电迁移失效研究

本文介绍了用测试结构做的Ａｌ－Ｓｉ（１％）互连线的电迁移加速寿命试验。加速温度为１７５℃，电流密度为１－３×１０６Ａ／ｃｍ２。观察到线条的不同几何因素（长、宽、厚），不同的溅射工艺和钝化层，以及氧化层台阶都对电迁移寿命有显著的影响。对实验结果作了初步的分析和讨论。     

质子交换膜燃料电池分体式集成电堆

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是电动汽车的最佳候选电源。为提高其效率,研制了一种分体式质子交换膜燃料电池集成电堆。采用外置式Nafion○R115膜加湿器,加湿系统与冷却系统合二为一。在70℃,气体流量小于7L/min时,膜加湿器能为反应气体提供摩尔分数为72%的加湿量,满足了电堆的加湿需求。电堆活性面积为390cm2,在电流密度为2.1A/cm2时,电堆最大功率可超过1.2W/cm2。用电化学分析方法研究了电堆的静态与动态电性能。发现小于1A/cm2的电流密度有利于电堆活化,而电流密度超过1.5A/cm2会使电堆的稳定性变坏。     

超大规模集成电路金属互连线的电迁移过程指示参量研究

通过实验研究阶段全面描述金属互连电迁移过程的参量集合，发现了电阻和金属薄膜电阻的低频涨落在金融互连电迁移演化过程中的变化规律，实验结果表明，将电阻与金属薄膜电阻的低频涨落点功率谱幅值及频率指数3个指示参数相结合，可以明确指示和区分电迁移过程中材料的空位扩散，空洞成核和空洞长大3个微观结构变化的阶段，上述3个参量作为一个集合才能够全面表征金属薄膜电迁移退化的过程，在此基础上可望发展新的超大规模集成电路（VLSI）电迁移可靠性评估技术。     

Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE/Cu钎焊接头在热循环下的电迁移行为

自主设计了热循环下钎焊接头电迁移试验装置,探究了热循环下电流密度对Sn2.5Ag0.7Cu0.1RE/Cu无铅钎焊接头界面及组织性能的影响。研究结果表明:在电流密度达到7.0×10~3A/cm~2时,出现明显的电迁移现象。随电流密度增加,钎焊接头阳极区金属间化合物(IMC)厚度显著增加,增厚的化合物主要是Cu_6Sn_5;阴极区IMC厚度呈幂指数缓慢增加,主要表现为Cu_3Sn的生长,且在阴极区与钎缝过渡区域出现裂纹和孔洞。钎焊接头发生电迁移后剪切强度降低50%,断裂发生在阴极界面IMC上,剪切断口呈脆性断裂。     

四探针法测试半导体掺杂浓度的实验研究

为了解决半导体掺杂浓度的测试问题,需要采用简单易行的方法对半导体进行测试。在微电子技术领域,四探针技术一直是测量电阻率的常用方法。结合吉林大学在半导体器件物理与实验精品课程的建设,以训练学生对半导体物理学专业知识的理解和掌握,笔者对四探针法测试半导体掺杂浓度进行了实验研究。通过建立半无限大和无限薄层两个理论模型,对不同厚度半导体材料的电阻率测试方法进行了实验研究,并对原理进行了讨论。为了解决商用测试设备昂贵且无法满足实验教学需求的问题,笔者提出自制实验测试装置,采用钨合金的简易手动探针台,并根据实验需要自行设计了四探针测试架。实践应用表明: 四探针测试系统的建立可以完成测量 半导体掺杂浓度的任务,满足了半导体物理实验的教学需求,取得了较好的教学效果。 关键     

电迁移型阻锈剂

迁移型阻锈剂及其实施技术是修补盐污染钢筋混凝土结构的一种新材料和新技术.它在不影响结构正常运行的条件下,从盐污染的混凝土表面透过混凝土保护层迁移到钢筋表面,使其再钝化,从而有可能经济、简便并有利于环保地实现钢筋界面的电化学修补.实验表明:所研制的醇胺类迁移型阻锈剂(BE)对于14mm厚混凝土内的活化钢筋具有显著的阻锈效果;对于盐污染轻的44 mm厚混凝土内的活化钢筋也具有阻锈作用(约优于国外一种专利产品),但均难以足够浓度自然迁移到保护层厚40mm的钢筋上.以盐污染混凝土结构电化学脱盐所采用的电流密度,进行了BE的电迁移试验,表明BE能迅速电迁移厚达10cm的混凝土内,富集到钢筋上,并可显著阻锈.初步优化了电迁移制度(电化学脱盐期有可能从30 d,缩短为5～7 d).在连云港近海的大浦东抽水站盐污染腐蚀破坏的三跨横梁现场,试用BE电迁移技术,历时3年,仍具有良好的阻锈效果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the