具有负载依赖型维护时长和弹性维护开始时刻的单机调度问题

考虑维护时长为负载依赖型且维护开始时刻具有一定弹性的单机调度问题,其中机器在加工过程中需要进行一次维护,维护的开始时刻是决策量且需位于一个事先给定的时间段内,维护时长依赖于机器维护前已加工工件的加工时长之和,目标是确定维护的开始时刻并安排所有工件的加工使得制造期最小化。对维护时长函数的导函数大于或等于1的情形,给出了一个最优调度方案。对维护时长函数的导函数小于1的情形,证明了任何非延迟调度算法的最坏情况界都不超过2,并证明了经典的LS算法、LPT算法和SPT算法及它们的一些变形算法的最坏情况界均为2。     

最小化时间表长的平行机调度近似算法研究

讨论机器具有固定周期维护t,目标函数为最小化时间表长的m台平行机调度问题.这是一个NP-难的问题.关于该问题主要分析了当维护时间t≤T/3时,利用经典的装箱算法FFD我们可以得到关于该问题的一个近似算法FFPTD.该算法的最坏误差界为2,最后以实例说明2为该算法的紧界.     

工件具有区间限制的批在线调度

研究同构并行机上的批在线调度问题,目标函数是使最大完成时间(最后一个工件的完成时间makespan)最小.工件以批方式到达且每个批中有m个工件,每个工件的加工时间随其批的到达而给定且限定在某个时间区间上.当一批工件到达时,在对其后批的信息不了解的情况下,要立即对该批中的工件进行调度,调度过程中不允许中断.针对这一问题,给出了一个批在线启发式列表调度算法,在同一批中的工件按LPT规则调度,当一批中的全部工件被调度完后,调度下一批中的工件.对算法的最坏情况进行了分析并给出了算法的竞争率.     

多车辆直运越库调度的建模与启发式算法

以最小化客户的最晚交货时间为目标,建立了多车辆直运越库物流调度问题的混合整数线性规划模型,并使用优化工具ILOG CPLEX求解得到了适当规模问题和小规模问题的精确最优解;基于最大加工时间(LPT)规则,提出求解多车辆直运越库物流调度问题的启发式算法,通过对中等以及大规模实例的数值计算,比较了混合整数线性规划模型和启发式算法之间的计算性能.结果表明,启发式算法具有良好的近似性能,所测24组实例中的相对误差不超过9.5%,接近于精确解.     

允许中断的同速机调度问题的一个最优算法

讨论工件有不同准备时间,加工允许中断的同速机调度问题,目标函数为最小化时间表长.提出了一个算法,并证明了该算法为最优算法,该算法中工件中断的次数至多为Nn次,计算的复杂度为O(Nn logn).最后给出一个实例加以说明.     

二机流水作业带不可用区间、工件可拒绝的调度问题

考虑了二机流水作业第一台机器带不可用区间、工件可拒绝的调度问题.所有的工件都是加工可中断的,即当某一工件在不可用区间出现之前开始加工但在机器不可用时并未加工完成,在不可用区间结束后可以接着加工.目标函数是最小化接受加工工件的最大完工时间与拒绝工件的惩罚之和.此问题是NP-难的.首先提出了一个动态规划的最优算法以求解小规模问题,并给出了数值计算实例.所提出的动态规划算法的运算时间随着问题的规模成指数增长,进而又提出了一个启发式算法,并证明了该启发式算法的最坏性能比是3.     

新工件到达锁定初始调度的单机重调度问题

研究了新工件到达锁定初始调度的单机重调度问题.即有一组带有不同释放时间的初始工件已经按照最小化完成时间和的优化目标调度完毕,形成初始调度且已锁定,此时有一组释放时间为零的新工件到达,且需要插入初始调度进行加工,其优化目标为最小化新工件的完工时间和.文中研究了新工件的加工过程可中断和新工件的加工过程不可中断,共2类新工件到达锁定初始调度的单机重调度问题.分析了重调度问题的复杂性,针对第一类重调度问题提出了多项式算法并证明了其最优性.证明了第二类重调度问题为NP完全问题,提出了一个多项式算法,并证明了该算法的有效性和最优解的特征,解决了企业实际问题并进一步丰富了重调度理论.     

地铁终点站的实时调度算法

研究地铁终点站的实时调度问题,主要包括列车进站折返路线的安排和列车出站时间的调整.将该问题建模成一个带阻塞的车间作业调度的双目标优化问题,2个目标函数分别为最优化准时性和规律性,即最小化列车的早点/晚点时间和最优化连续两车的间隔.分2个阶段进行优化,首先,在只考虑准时性的前提下优化第一个目标函数,然后在不影响第一个目标函数的基础上优化第二个目标函数.提出了最小化早点/晚点时间的贪心算法和保证准时性前提下最优化连续两车间隔的分组迭代算法.采用C#技术实现了原型系统,对所提方案进行了验证.实验结果表明,所提算法能够出色完成实时调度的任务.     

钢卷仓库中的吊机调度问题

研究了钢铁企业冷轧原料库中的吊机调度问题.将吊机的运输和倒垛操作集成考虑,目标函数为将全部需求板卷运输到指定位置的时间最小化.对于该问题,首先提出了一个混合整规划模型,进一步证明了该问题是强NP难的.基于对问题性质的分析,针对无倒垛操作的特殊情况,提出了多项式时间可解的最优算法.对于问题的一般情况,提出了一个启发式算法并分析了它的最坏情况.     

维护时长依赖于机器负载和机器空闲的单机调度问题

考虑一个含有单次维护的单机调度问题,其中工件不可中断,维护的开始时刻给定但维护时长是维护之前机器负载和机器空闲时长的线性增函数,目标是最小化时间表长。分3种情况进行讨论,对前2种情况分别给出了一个多项式时间最优算法,对最后一种情况分析了LPT算法的性能并给出了通过经典背包问题的任意一个FPTAS来获得该情况的一个FPTAS的方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with