天冬总皂苷的超声提取工艺优化

目的探讨天冬总皂苷含量的测定方法,优化超声提取工艺。方法以菝葜皂苷元为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法测定总皂苷的含量,用单因素实验和正交实验优化超声提取工艺。结果菝葜皂苷元质量浓度在5.2~52μg/m L之间线性关系良好(r=0.9994),总皂苷平均回收率达到98.83%(RSD=1.88%)。最佳超声提取工艺为乙醇浓度50%、料液比1:20(g/m L)、提取温度60℃、提取时间20 min。结论总皂苷含量测定方法简单、易行、准确,超声提取工艺高效、快捷,易于推广。     

金铁锁总皂苷含量测定

建立金铁锁总皂苷的含量测定方法。方法:以齐墩果酸为对照品,5%香草醛冰醋酸、高氯酸为显色剂,采用分光光度法,在540nm处测定吸光度,计算金铁锁中总皂苷的含量。结果:金铁锁总质量浓度在1～10μg.mL-1与吸光度呈良好的线性关系(r=0.998 4),平均回收率为97.9%(n=6),RSD=1.61%;金铁锁中总皂苷含量四川最高,云南次之,贵州最低。结论:建立了金铁锁中总皂苷超声提取含量测定方法,此方法简便、准确,稳定性好、可用于金铁锁药材的质量控制。     

柴黄颗粒中总皂苷含量的测定

目的:建立柴黄颗粒中柴胡总皂苷的含量测定方法。方法:采用紫外可见分光光度法,在波长545 nm处对样品中的总皂苷进行含量测定。结果:柴胡总皂苷在0.038～0.266(mg.mL-1)范围内有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),该法的平均加样回收率为97.6%,RSD为1.8%(n=6)。结论:所建立的方法准确、简便、快速,重现性好,适合用于测定柴黄颗粒中总皂苷的含量,可为柴黄颗粒的质量控制提供依据。     

正交实验法确定坤净泡腾胶囊栓最优提取方案

通过正交设计法与紫外可见分光光度法确定坤净泡腾胶囊栓提取的最优方案.采用L9(34)正交实验法设计实验,以柴胡总皂苷的得率为考察指标,以乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间、提取次数作为考察因素,各因素取3个水平进行考察,采用紫外可见分光光度法,以柴胡皂苷d为对照品,在波长543 nm处对样品中的总皂苷进行测定,进行统计分析,筛选最优工艺.最优的提取条件为12倍量80%的乙醇,提取3次,每次0.5 h.优选后的提取工艺柴胡总皂苷的提取效率最高,可增加各处方药材的利用率.     

响应面法优化太子参皂苷的超声提取工艺

研究超声提取太子参皂苷的最佳工艺条件.采用Box-Behnken design （BBD）实验设计方案,结合响应面法优化提取条件,并考察超声时间、超声功率等主要影响因素,采用紫外分光光度法测定太子参皂苷的含量.经过响应面法优化后获得的超声提取太子参皂苷的最佳工艺条件为：超声处理时间为38 min,液料比为16：1 ml/g,超声波功率为280w,优化后太子参皂苷的最大提取率为0.807％.超声提取太子参皂苷的工艺具有收率高、简单快速、能耗低等优点.     

阿尔泰狗哇花总黄酮和总皂苷定量分析方法研究

采用分光光度法,以槲皮素为对照品经AlCl3-NaAc显色测定总黄酮含量,以齐墩果酸为对照品经香草醛-高氯酸显色测定总皂苷含量.分析结果表明,原药材中总黄酮和总皂苷的含量分别为17.79和40.86 mg/g,线性范围分别为30.6～112.2μg(r=0.999 7)和20～60μg(r=0.999 7),平均回收率分别为97.7%(RSD=2.4%,n=5)和98.7%(RSD=0.98%,n=5).该法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好,也可用于阿尔泰狗哇花总黄酮和总皂苷产品的含量测定.     

苦丁茶中总皂苷含量的测定

建立了苦丁茶 (IlexkudinchaC .J .Tseng) 总皂苷F含量的测定方法。以苦丁茶皂苷F作对照品 ,φ =8%香草醛无水乙醇溶液和 φ =77%硫酸溶液为显色剂 ,6 0℃恒温反应 10min ,分光光度法测定苦丁茶总皂苷的含量。最大吸收波长 5 34nm ,在 6～ 36 μg mL范围内浓度与吸光度线性关系良好 ,相关系数r=0 9995。平均回收率为 97 17% ,RSD =1 6 9%。测定了苦丁茶不同产品的总皂苷含量 ,结果表明方法简便 ,重现性好。该法可作为苦丁茶质量检测的方法之一。     

紫外分光光度法测定复方KGY中总皂苷的含量

目的:利用紫外分光光度法测定复方KGY中总皂苷的含量. 方法:用香草醛-冰醋酸-高氯酸显色体系紫外显色测定了复方KGY提取物中总皂苷的含量. 结果:用黄芪甲苷做对照品,其线性范围为89μg-177μg, R=0.9995,其平均回收率为99.33%,加样回收率为1.96%(n=6) 结论:该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,简单,准确,是一种测定复方KGY总皂苷含量的有效方法.     

藏药材红毛五加不同药用部位和不同产地茎皮中

目的: 比较川产藏药材红毛五加不同药用部位和不同产地茎皮中总皂苷的含量. 方法: 采用超声法提取红毛五加总皂苷, 紫外-可见分光光度法于548 nm波长处测定总皂苷的量. 结果: 齐墩果酸在11.8496～82.9472 μg范围内呈良好的线形关系, 平均回收率98.82 %, RSD为1.42 %(n=9);用此条件测得四川不同产地红毛五加茎皮中均含有总皂苷, 其中以四川阿坝州大板村和四川阿坝州金川县产的红毛五加茎皮总皂苷含量较高(12.12 %、10.04 %);不同药用部位中根、茎皮、叶、茎刺和去皮后的茎分别为12.90 %、12.13 %、7.71%、0.84 %和1.88 %. 结论: 该方法简便、快速、准确, 可用于红毛五加药材质量的检测手段之一;有关红毛五加根和叶的开发利用报道少见, 从总皂苷成分和资源综合利用的角度考虑, 建议根和叶可以入药.     

紫外分光光度法测定麦冬提取物中总皂苷的含量

采用紫外分光光度法,以薯蓣皂苷元为对照品,在406 nm波长处对麦冬提取物中总皂苷成分进行含量测定。结果显示回归方程为Y=0.016X+0.025(r=0.9992),总皂苷在0.0335~3.39 mg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为102.11%(n=9)。由此得出结论:该方法简易、易操作、重现性好,可作为麦冬总皂苷及含麦冬制剂的的质量控制指标。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.