舰船火灾危险性评估方法

以火灾成长概率和火灾发生后的过火面积为评价指标,探讨舰艇火灾危险性等级评估方法.运用火灾动力学与统计理论耦舍的火灾风险评估方法,对舰船火灾危险性进行评估.依据火灾动力学和火灾发展过程中不同阶段的特点,将火灾由初期发展蔓延到整个防火分区的过程划分为4个阶段.使用概率Petri网对舰船火灾发生过程进行了建模,并在此基础上,建立了火灾发生过程概率计算的算法.根据不同阶段火灾的特点,求得了各阶段火灾的临界时间,并以此为基础对火灾发生后舰船舱室平均过火面积计算进行了研究.计算结果表明,该方法通过对火灾过火面积的计算判断出火灾的蔓延情况和对火灾控制较弱的设计环节.     

大空间建筑防火分区的设计方法研究——以厦门机场空运货站为例

根据我国现行建筑防火规范对空运货站进行防火分区设计无法满足其高效便捷的作业空间要求，因此需要探讨大空间建筑防火分区的设计方法．厦门机场空运货站拟采用美国国家防火协会标准“防火分隔带”的方法进行分区，为论证该设计方法的可行性，利用CFAST火灾模拟软件对空运货站从火灾危险性、火灾场景以及烟气流动状态预测等方面进行火灾模拟分析，研究结果表明采用“防火分隔带”对大空间建筑进行防火分区能够满足其防火功能要求．     

大型商场开敞空间防烟分区内烟气运动的模拟

针对大型商场火灾危险性严重的典型部位,运用数学模化和计算机模化的方法,采用双层区域模型,建立了开敞式空间防烟分区内烟气流动过程的数学模型和计算机模化软件CSMOKE.应用模拟系统对防烟分区内火灾初期的烟气流动情况,包括烟气的产生量、烟气层的温度以及烟气层厚度随时间的变化等进行预测,并对影响火灾发展主要因素的影响规律进行了研究.同时,分别以汽油油盘和标准试件为燃烧物开展了大型商场开敞空间防烟分区的实体火灾试验,获取了火灾和烟气运动的特性参数.模拟计算结果与实测结果的误差在20%以内.     

建筑中设置落地窗的火灾危险性及防火方法研究

本文通过对热烟气在建筑内流动状况的研究，分析其对落地窗建筑防火性能的影响，即落地窗由于受到热辐射作用而破裂，高温烟气由于浮力作用通过窗户向上流动对上层建筑窗户等构件进行热辐射，从而破坏了建筑的垂直防火分区引起火灾的蔓延。为了阻止室内火灾通过窗户等开口沿着建筑外墙蔓延，本文通过对建筑外墙设王挑檐和窗槛墙两种阻止火灾蔓延的方法的对比，论证设王挑檐对阻止火灾蔓延的可行性，并将主动防火和被动防火结合起来考虑，寻求解决落地窗建筑火灾危险性的方法。     

基于BIM-CFD的变压器防火墙火灾性能化设计

为了研究不同火源条件下变压器火灾的动力学过程以及防火墙对火灾的控制作用,根据已有的变压器火灾实验资料,结合建筑信息模型(Building Information Modelling,BIM),采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)数值模拟方法验证和分析了双火源、总热释放速率为15MW条件下,火灾烟气蔓延、温度分布变化及防火墙的防火功能.结果表明:McCaffrey经验公式计算火灾烟气浮力羽流区温度的精度较高;有无纵向水平风及防火墙对着火变压器相邻的变压器均具有保护作用,但会使得着火变压器上方的电缆所处区域温度升高,需验证电缆的耐火性能.研究结果对深入掌握变压器火灾动力学发展规律及防火墙的优化设计有重要作用,对装配式变电站的安全运营具有参考价值.     

空度在风诱导条件下舱室外表面压力分布模拟计算中的应用

在船舶火灾过程中，空气流动所引起舱室周围的压力的变化在决定外部烟气侵入速率及舱室内部烟气流动方面起着重要作用．本文在引入全空度概念的基础上，建立了计算舱室外表面压力分布的数学物理模型Ｆ３Ｄ，计算了在所选风速和风向条件下，代表模型舱室的阻挡物表面的压力分布，计算的结果与Ｋａｎｄｏｌａ实验数据进行了比较，两者相符很好     

某大型体育馆危险源辨识与性能化评估

针对某大型体育场馆建筑存在防火分区大、火灾危险性大的特点,通过热释放速率的分析,利用火灾模拟和火灾安全工程学原理对烟气蔓延和人员疏散进行模拟计算,得出可行性分析结果。     

通风控制下建筑物通道内火灾烟气运动的数值模拟

通风控制下的建筑物火灾具有很大危害性.对受通风控制的建筑物通道内的火灾烟气运动进行了数值模拟,给出了烟气温度、速度和组分质量分数的分布.将模拟结果与燃料控制下通道内火灾烟气运动的计算结果进行了对比,揭示了不同燃烧状况下通道内烟气运动与火蔓延的特点.     

浅谈地下商业街消防安全

地下商业街发生火灾以后能够产生大量的烟气,而且蔓延速度非常快,烟气的温度高、毒性大、浓度大、流动快,会造成重大的人员伤亡,本文就地下商业街的卷帘、防火分区、安全疏散、装修材料和防排烟等问题谈点粗浅的认识。     

防护工程火灾烟气分布特性模型实验

为讨论防护工程火灾时烟气分布特性,根据相似原理搭建了模型与实体比例为1∶4的模型实验台,进行了6个工况的模型实验,分析了火源单室内烟气温度分布规律以及烟气层高度特性,并对走廊内烟气顶棚最高温度及纵向衰减遵循的规律进行了研究。结果表明,火源单室水平方向温度分布不均匀,竖直方向温度分布可用"三区域"描述;与普通单室"双区域"模型不同,分段线性法比较适合于火源单室内烟气层高度计算;Alpert模型更适用于防护工程密闭防火分区走廊顶棚最高温度的预测,走廊内无量纲温度符合幂指数衰减规律。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.