口服胰岛素缓释微球的制备

用液中干燥法制备胰岛素的丙烯酸树脂缓释微球，利用扫描电镜和紫外光谱考察了内相聚合物浓度和搅拌速度对微球粒径和药物包封率的影响，结果表明，随着搅拌速度的增加和内相聚合物浓度的减小，微球粒径减小，药物包封率有所增加。此外，温度、投药量、分散剂对成球有一定的影响。最后，对缓释微球中胰岛素含量进行了测定。     

多孔钛植入体表层孔隙内TGF-β1缓释明胶微球涂层的工艺优化

采用正交试验法优化载转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)缓释明胶微球多孔钛植入体制备工艺,探讨多孔钛植入体孔隙内微球涂层的载药、释药特性.采用粉末注射成形(Metal Injection Molding, MIM)技术制备多孔钛植入体,选用明胶为TGF-β1缓释载体材料,乳化冷凝聚合交联法制备明胶微球,检测微球粒径与形貌以及载TGF-β1微球的包封率、载药率,采用渗涂法制备多孔钛表层孔隙内载TGF-β1明胶微球涂层,释放试验检测涂层的释药特性.实验结果表明,MIM技术制备的多孔钛植入体的孔隙度为(62.02±1.82)%,孔径为50～300 μm,抗压缩强度为(63.23±12.81) MPa,弹性模量为(0.95±0.61) GPa.明胶微球粒径随明胶浓度的减小、搅拌速度和交联时间的增加而减小,交联剂用量对微球粒径影响无显著性差异.制备的TGF-β1明胶微球为球形,平均粒径为(21.42±3.67) μm,载药量为(0.91±0.02) μg/g,包封率为(91.41±1.82)%.TGF-β1微球涂层体外14 d,时的TGF-β1释放率为(94.2±3.4)%;粒径为(21.42±3.67) μm的明胶微球的最佳工艺参数如下:明胶浓度为10%,搅拌速度为800 r/min,交联剂用量为0.1 mL,交联时间为2 h.多孔钛植入经5%(质量分数)明胶溶液预处理后用20 g/L微球渗涂可在表层孔隙内形成均匀微球涂层,且不阻塞表层孔隙,微球涂层TGF-β1释放时间为14 d.     

膜乳化法制备单分散聚苯乙烯多孔微球

为了解决用传统方法制备微球粒径不均的缺点,实验使用自制的膜乳化装置,通过膜乳化法制备粒径在12～20μm、单分散系数小于20%的聚苯乙烯多孔微球.使用扫描电镜考察多孔微球的表面形貌及孔径.结果表明:膜孔径是影响微球粒径的决定性因素;适当的膜乳化压力、乳化剂和分散剂浓度是生产粒径均一微球的重要条件;在致孔剂DBP质量分数为20%时,微球的平均孔径为0.12 μm.     

17β-雌二醇微球状分子印迹聚合物优化合成条件

采用分子印迹技术,建立了微球法合成17β-雌二醇分子印迹微球聚合物的方法,通过环境扫描电镜对所合成的微球的形态进行了分析研究,得到了该分子印迹聚合物最优化的合成条件．实验所获得的微球粒径均匀,平均粒径在300～400nm之间,这比已经报道的文献关于微球粒径的记载要小很多．由于该法合成的微球状的MIP粒径均匀,分散性好,性质稳定,因此更有助于结合位点对环境内分泌干扰物17β-雌二醇的结合和释放．     

功能性聚N-乙烯基乙酰胺接枝聚苯乙烯微球的制备

采用链转移自由基聚合和端基置换反应的方法，合成了苯乙烯单封端聚N-乙烯基乙酰胺(PNVA)大分子单体，以此大分子单体为反应性分散稳定剂，使之与苯乙烯在乙醇／水的混合介质中进行分散共聚反应，制得表面PNVA接枝聚苯乙烯(PNVA-g-PSt)聚合物微球．利用凝胶渗透色谱、激光光散射仪和电子显微镜等对聚合物的相对分子质量、微球动力学直径及其形态进行了表征．结果表明：PNVA大分子单体浓度、苯乙烯浓度、引发剂浓度和聚合温度对微球粒径有较大的影响；溶剂组成对聚合物微球的形态有明显的影响．     

核磁共振研究聚合物微球调驱微观渗流机理

利用核磁共振研究聚合物微球调驱渗流机理,设计了不同粒径微球的注入实验,从微观角度分析了聚合物微球的驱油效果与驱油机理.对驱替后岩心不同直径孔隙内的流体分布进行了研究,得到了水驱、聚合物微球驱、后续水驱阶段驱出油的孔径范围以及剩余油分布.实验结果表明,聚合物微球调驱能够有效动用岩心中不同孔径中剩余油.不同尺寸聚合物微球对岩心的适应性不同,微米级微球主要适用于高渗岩心,纳米级微球主要适用于低渗岩心.     

石蜡聚苯乙烯微球的制备

用悬浮聚合法制备石蜡聚苯乙烯微球．研究了合成过程中搅拌器的位置、搅拌速度、升温速度和反应时间等对微球粒径分布及其产率的影响．结果表明：搅拌器桨叶上平面与液面相平时有利于合成粒径小、分布均匀的石蜡聚苯乙烯微球；搅拌器最佳搅拌速度为275～330rpm；缓慢升温更有利于合成粒径小、分布均匀的石蜡聚苯乙烯微球；最佳反应时间为4．0～4．5h．     

聚合物微球粒径与岩芯孔喉的匹配关系研究

根据岩芯孔喉基本计算公式,计算岩芯的平均孔喉直径,通过吸水膨胀后不同大小聚合物微球在岩芯中的封 堵效果,研究了聚合物微球大小与岩芯孔喉的匹配关系,确定了聚合物微球在岩芯中具有稳定封堵性能时微球粒径与 岩芯孔喉直径的比值范围。从聚合物微球吸水膨胀性能、剪切前后微球粒径变化、不同大小聚合物微球在岩芯中的封 堵效果、与岩芯匹配后的聚合物微球调剖作用对水驱采收率的影响几个方面,研究了聚合物微球大小与岩芯孔喉的匹 配关系,从而为聚合物微球调剖体系大小选择提供实验依据。研究表明,当聚合物微球粒径与岩芯孔喉直径比值在 0.33～1.50 时,聚合物微球可以在岩芯中形成稳定的封堵能力,当聚合物微球粒径与孔喉直径比值在1.20～1.50 时,聚 合物微球兼具良好的运移能力和封堵效果。     

固定化酶载体——多孔壳聚糖微球的制备研究

使用"反相悬浮-交联-低温冷却法"制备固定化酶载体--多孔壳聚糖微球.通过正交实验确定了制备多孔壳聚糖微球的影响因素和最佳的实验条件.在最佳的实验条件制得的多孔壳聚糖微球平均粒径小(34.57 μm),粒度均匀(30.04-39.26 μm占粒径分布的92%),成球性好,表面成孔.     

自稳定沉淀聚合法制备交联(α-甲基苯乙烯-马来酸酐)共聚物微粒的研究

采用自稳定沉淀聚合方法制备了交联（α-甲基苯乙烯-马来酸酐）共聚物(PAMSM)微球,探讨了交联剂种类、交联剂用量对所得交联聚合物粒子形貌、粒径、粒径分布及热力学性能的影响。结果表明,以二乙烯基苯（DVB）为交联剂所制得的聚合物微球的粒径、粒径分布及形貌随二乙烯基苯用量的增加变化不大,而以乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂微球的粒径则随交联剂用量的增多而增大,在较高交联剂用量条件下粒径分布变宽。微球的交联程度可以通过交联剂用量的变化进行调控。对交联PAMSM产物的热性能分析发现,交联剂可以提高PAMSM的玻璃化转变温度,且提高的程度与交联剂在分子链中的化学结构有关,而交联剂对PAMSM热稳定性能的影响不明显。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with