彩节天社蛾核多角体病毒病的初步观察

彩节天社蛾(Phalera assimilis Bremer et Grey)属舟形虫科(Notodontidae),又名银纹天社蛾、栎黄斑天社蛾、榆天社蛾、麻栎天社蛾等。它是危害栎树、白杨及榆树的一种害虫,幼虫群食叶片,吃光转移,使成片之树木无一叶存在,严重影响树木生     

基于ITS、atpB-rbcL序列的醉翁榆(Ulmus gaussenii)与相近榆属植物的亲缘关系

濒危植物保护生物学研究已成为生态学领域的研究热点之一.为了廓清我国特有濒危植物醉翁榆(Ulmus gaussenii)与相近榆属植物的系统地位,用分子标记ITS和atpB-rbcL手段分析醉翁榆与其他榆属相关种的亲缘关系,结果表明:24种榆属植物atpB-rbcL扩增片段长度为735～834 bp,G+C的含量在29.3%～31.6%之间,并没有发生很大的偏差;基于ITS(包括5.8 s)扩增片段,醉翁榆与黑榆系的毛果旱榆、栓枝春榆以及榆系中的大果榆、脱皮榆(U.lamellosa)相近;基于atpB-rbcL扩增片段,醉翁榆与榆系中的大果榆、脱皮榆以及明陵榆的关系比较近,两种标记都表现出醉翁榆与黑榆系中变种毛果旱榆、栓枝春榆的关系比较近;atpB-rbcL的NJ和Bayesian树完全支持榆属组下的分类以及榆属系统的演化关系.     

4种耐风沙盐碱植物导管分子的比较解剖学研究

利用导管分子离析及光学显微技术,对榆属3种植物与胡颊子属植物沙枣次生木质部导管分子进行了比较结构学研究.结果表明:栓皮眷榆、蒙古黄榆、白榆和沙枣离析导管分子在风沙盐碱的恶劣环境下演化出不同的形态和各自的适应性.榆属3种植物导管分子侧壁均为螺纹加厚,纹孔为对列-互列型,但导管分子平均长度和平均直径呈反比.沙枣导管分子侧壁为全面加厚,纹孔为进化的孔纹,直径远大于榆属3种植物.分析表明,沙枣最适宜沙地种植,可用来做绿化树种.     

树木营养器官分类的研究

对我国树木营养器官进行分类，提出了树木类型的特征与检索，并对科、属、各作全面统计和分析。结果表明我国野生和引种的树木共213科1549属11942种，单叶树种多于复叶树种，单叶的属、种各占66％及78％，复叶的属、种各占20％及16％。如按单叶脉型统计，羽状脉的属、种各占71％及77.5％，掌状脉的属、种各占24％及16％，纵向平行脉的属、种各占5％及6.5％。在对各个类型的代表 树种及科属划分的主线作归纳和研讨的基础上，从分枝式、髓型、芽型、维管束型、三级及较高度的脉序、内含物及附属物等提出了树木营养器官分类探索的线索与途径。     

山东榆科植物叶表皮结构的比较

利用光学显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了山东榆科植物共6属16种的叶表皮结构,对叶表皮上气孔类型,气孔大小作了统计和测量,根据叶表皮结构对榆科分类作了初步探讨,并作了分属检索表。     

城市生态风景林群落结构与植物多样性研究

以合肥环城公园为对象,研究了环城公园生态风景林的群落结构和植物多样性特征。结果表明:研究区域共统计植物44科75属79种,其中裸子植物4科7属7种,被子植物40科68属72种;树木径阶在10 cm以下30 cm以上和高度5 m以下15 m以上的乔木数量占比较高;群落树木健康状况不佳,近一半的树木处于不健康状况;六个景区常绿落叶植物比有较大差异,常绿树种偏多;群落类型可分为7种,主要以常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶混交林为主;群落结构以乔-草、灌-草居多,复层结构较少。在此基础上,对今后环城公园生态风景林营造和树木的养护管理提出了有针对性的建议。     

太原市园林绿化中藤本树木的选择与应用

藤本树木作为垂直绿化的主要材料,具有生长快、易于造型的特点。按照攀援方式,藤本树木可分为缠绕类、卷须类、吸附类、蔓生类等4种类型。本文通过对太原地区藤本树木资源的实地调查和对比分析,得出适合本地垂直绿化采用的藤本树木共20种,其隶属于8科11属,并在对其生态习性、应用形式、观赏特性等进行研究的基础上,提出了太原地区选择藤本树木的针对性建议.     

黑榆系4种榆树的核型研究

首次报道了中国产的榆属黑榆系４种１变种的核型。结果如下：黑榆２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２８＝２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２４ｓｔ；春榆２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２８＝２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２４ｓｔ；红果榆２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２８＋２Ｂ＝２ｍ＋６ｓｍ＋２０ｓｔ＋２Ｂ；多脉榆２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２８＋１Ｂ＝２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋１２ｓｔ＋４ｔ＋１Ｂ；榆２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２８＋１Ｂ＝２ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋１６ｓｔ＋６ｔ＋１Ｂ。在上述榆树中，除榆为３Ａ核型外，其他均为３Ｂ核型     

绿化树种白榆虫害防治技术

白榆(UImus pumila L)是近几年发展起来的城市绿化先锋树种.生长快,材质好,分布广,适应性强,易于造形,广泛使用其进行城市绿化.白榆属榆科,别名家榆、榆树等.落叶乔木,在营养不良土地上生长呈灌木状.枝条开展,小枝灰色.叶椭圆状卵形或椭圆状披针形.3～4月先叶后花,花两性、簇生.4～6月果熟,翅果近圆形或倒卵状圆形,熟时黄白色,无毛.白榆有几种类型,绿化常用的有小叶榆和垂枝榆.本文阐述白榆的主要害虫和防治技术.     

赤峰市园林绿化植物选择与配置研究

园林植物选择与配置是城市绿化建设的重要组成部分,为了提高赤峰市园林绿化水平和效益,本文以赤峰市的主要公园、街道、学校和居住小区为研究对象,通过调查,赤峰市区有绿化植物118种,隶属于48科83属,其中有树木29科53属83种,花卉17科26属29种,草坪植物2科4属6种.并针对园林绿化现状存在的不足,提出了一些建议.     

南京市植物的耐旱生长指标调查

针对2013年7~9月南京高温干旱的气候情况,选取南京的常见城市园林绿化植物78种,选择公园、校园、街道为调研样地,按植株在干旱期(7~9月)不同表现性状作为植株耐旱生长指标,进行了植物抗旱性生长指标的调查,发现公园、校园、街道的植物枯萎比率顺次增高。同时,分析出耐旱性植物的特点有:多为针叶树种、耐水湿能力强,乔木、灌木、地被的耐旱性依次减弱等。最后总结出南京市常用的最耐旱植物10种和最不耐旱植物10种,以及耐旱性强、使用量大、美观性强的适于城市园林应用的乔木—灌木—地被植物种类共67种,以期为日后的城市园林植物选择提供借鉴。     

红足壮异蝽的生物学研究

本文对为害榆树、梨树的重要害虫——红足壮异蝽Urochela quadrinotata Reuter的形态及生物学特性进行了详细的研究报道,并提出防治措施。     

家榆、金叶榆抗旱生理生化指标的差异性比较

为了筛选用于评价家榆、金叶榆抗旱能力的生理生化指标,采用随机区组、成对比较复合设计思想,对7项抗旱生理生化指标进行了比较。发现：随土壤含水量降低和干旱胁迫持续时间的延长,家榆、金叶榆的可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、叶绿素含量、细胞透性均呈增加趋势;可溶性蛋白含量、自由水/束缚水呈降低趋势。在同等干旱胁迫条件...     

Phylogeography: English elm is a 2,000-year-old Roman clone

The outbreak of Dutch elm disease in the 1970s ravaged European elm populations, killing more than 25 million trees in Britain alone; the greatest impact was on Ulmus procera, otherwise known as the English elm. Here we use molecular and historical information to show that this elm derives from a single clone that the Romans transported from Italy to the Iberian peninsula, and from there to Britain, for the purpose of supporting and training vines. Its highly efficient vegetative reproduction and its inability to set seeds have preserved this clone unaltered for 2,000 years as the core of the English elm population--and the preponderance of this susceptible variety may have favoured a rapid spread of the disease.     

鄂西北主要造林树种耐旱生理特性分析

通过盆栽苗木水分胁迫试验,对鄂西北地区主要造林树种的耐旱生理特性进行了对比研究,着重分析了在水分胁迫条件下湿地松、杉木、刺槐、侧柏、沙棘(引种)、柠条(引种)等树种的形态、水分生理、生理代谢等指标的变化特征,并以此为依据,对以上苗木耐旱特性进行了综合评价。结果表明,6个供试苗木都具有较强抗旱性能,而其中柠条、侧柏抗旱能力比湿地松、杉木、刺槐、沙棘的要强。     

Drought sensitivity shapes species distribution patterns in tropical forests

Although patterns of tree species distributions along environmental gradients have been amply documented in tropical forests, mechanisms causing these patterns are seldom known. Efforts to evaluate proposed mechanisms have been hampered by a lack of comparative data on species' reactions to relevant axes of environmental variation. Here we show that differential drought sensitivity shapes plant distributions in tropical forests at both regional and local scales. Our analyses are based on experimental field assessments of drought sensitivity of 48 species of trees and shrubs, and on their local and regional distributions within a network of 122 inventory sites spanning a rainfall gradient across the Isthmus of Panama. Our results suggest that niche differentiation with respect to soil water availability is a direct determinant of both local- and regional-scale distributions of tropical trees. Changes in soil moisture availability caused by global climate change and forest fragmentation are therefore likely to alter tropical species distributions, community composition and diversity.     

山西蟒河南方红豆杉群落和种群结构研究

研究了山西蟒河自然保护区内南方红豆衫(Taxus mairei)群落和种群结构．结果显示：在l200m^2的样地内共有维管植物40科、5l属、60种，其中蕨类植物3科、5属、5种；裸子植物l科、1属、1种；被子植物36科、46属、54种；群落垂直结构明显，可分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层．南方红豆杉为该群落的显优势种群．从年龄结构来看，该种群的幼龄个体十分匮乏，已处于退化的早期阶段，应对该物种加强保护．     

Phylogenetic position of three Condylostoma species(Protozoa,Ciliophora,Heterotricheal inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence

The systematically poorly known ciliate genus Conadylostoma was erected by Vincent in 1826.About 10 morphotypes have been reported,but any molecular investigations concerning this group SO far are lacking.In this work,the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SS rRNA)gene of three marine Conaylostoma species was sequenced,by which the phylogenetic trees were constructed by distance-matrix,maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods.The results show that(1)all the trees have similar topologies with high supports;(2)Condylostoma is mostly related to the genus Condylostentor;and(3)three Condylostoma species as well as Conadylostentor auriculatus cluster together and form a sister group with other heterotrichs.This is moderately consistent with the assessment of phylo-genetic relationships of Conaylostoma-related heterotrichs from the morphological information.The phylogenetic relationship of some other related heterotrichs,Peritromus,Fotlictllina,Stentor and Blepharisma,has been also discussed.     

海红和刺槐水分参数的研究

用压力室技术研究了海红和刺槐的水分参数（φｓａｔｓ、φｔｌｐｓ、ＲＯＷＣｔｌｐ、ＲＷＣｔｌｐ）及其季节变化规律。结果表明，两树种水分参数的季节变化规律与其自身的物候节律有关。春季树木嫩枝生长阶段是其抗旱性最弱的时期，而这时正是该区春旱最严重的时期。树木的抗旱性随着其一年中的生长逐渐增强。由水分参数比较可知，海红的抗旱性强于刺槐     

Phylogenetic position of three Condylostoma species （Protozoa,Ciliophora, Heterotrichea） inferred from the small subunit rRNA gene sequence

The systematically poorly known ciliate genus Condylostoma was erected by Vincent in 1826. About 10 morphotypes have been reported, but any molecular investigations concerning this group so far are lacking. In this work, the small subunit ribosomal RNA （SS rRNA） gene of three marine Condylostoma species was sequenced, by which the phylogenetic trees were constructed by distancematrix, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The results show that （1） all the trees have similar topologies with high supports; （2） Condylostoma is mostly related to the genus Condylostentor; and （3） three Condylostoma species as well as Condylostentor auriculatus cluster together and form a sister group with other heterotrichs. This is moderately consistent with the assessment of phylogenetic relationships of Condylostoma-related heterotrichs from the morphological information. The phylogenetic relationship of some other related heterotrichs, Peritromus, Folliculina, Stentor and Blepharisma, has been also discussed.