高乌头愈伤组织诱导及增殖研究

以高乌头(Aconitum Smomontanum Nakai.)植株为材料,研究了不同外植体(芽、叶片、叶柄)、基本培养基、植物生长调节剂和培养条件对高乌头愈伤组织诱导和增殖的影响.结果表明:以MS或B5为基本培养基,附加不同组合的2,4-D、NAA、KT、BA,均可诱导产生愈伤组织,但不同外植体、不同生长调节剂组合对愈伤组织发生均有一定影响;作为外植体,高乌头的芽、叶柄和叶片都可顺利诱导出愈伤组织,生长素2,4-D对高乌头外植体的脱分化起促进作用,但 NAA却抑制愈伤组织的形成,细胞分裂素KT和 BA均能与2,4-D组合促进愈伤组织的诱导.在B5 2,4-D 2.0 mg·L-1 BA 1.0 mg·L-1培养基上,光照14 h·d-1, 温度(22±1)℃,最有利于高乌头愈伤组织的诱导.在此条件下,30 d后,芽的诱导率达95%,叶片的诱导率达70%,叶柄的诱导率达87.5%.愈伤组织最佳增殖条件为B5 2,4-D 2.0 mg·L-1 KT 0.5 mg·L-1,光照14 h·d-1,温度(22±1)℃.继代培养 14 d后 ,平均增殖率达197.5%.     

影响麻疯树叶片离体再生条件的优化

为建立高效稳定的麻疯树离体再生体系,优化了诱导和分化培养基及培养条件.以无菌苗叶片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,6-BA 2.0mg/L+2,4-D 0.02mg/L的激素组合对愈伤组织的诱导最有利,6-BA 0.5mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L+IBA 0.1mg/L+GA30.1mg/L的激素组合对不定芽分化最有利.在此基础上针对外植体培养、愈伤组织继代的培养条件和继代次数3个因素进行优化.结果表明:采用麻疯树的无菌苗叶片为外植体,黑暗条件下诱导出愈伤组织,再在黑暗条件下继代一次后转入分化培养基中对不定芽诱导最为有利,分化率达72.59%.分化后得到的不定芽在含IBA 0.2mg/L的MS培养基上生根率达75%.生根苗在添加蛭石的含IBA 0.05mg/L的改良生根培养基中驯化培养后,再经过以蛭石∶腐殖土=1∶1(V/V)为培养基质的套袋培养,移栽后成活率达93%.     

唐古特白刺愈伤组织诱导及再生体系的研究

以唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Bobr.)子叶、下胚轴、根为外植体, 接种在不同浓度激素配比的培养基中, 研究愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生.结果表明: 子叶和下胚轴是诱导愈伤组织的良好外植体; 以MS补加2,4-D(0.5～1.0 mg·L-1)或6-BA(1.0～2.0 mg·L-1)+NAA(0.5～1.0 mg·L-1)可100%高频产生愈伤组织;在MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1培养基上,下胚轴可产生不定芽; 最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA(0.5～1.0 mg·L-1),增殖系数为5.75; 最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.5 mg·L-1,生根率达94.6 %.     

盾叶薯蓣高频再生体系的建立

以盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright)无菌苗的茎段和叶片为外植体,研究了适于盾叶薯蓣再生的外植体类型和植物生长调节剂组合,建立了一个高频的离体再生体系.结果表明:以无菌苗茎段为外植体,在2.0～3.0 mg·L-1 6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(BA)作用下可诱导产生致密的胚性愈伤组织;转移到含2.0～3.0 mg·L-1 BA和0.2～0.5 mg·L-1 α-萘乙酸(NAA)的分化培养基上可迅速分化出大量的丛生芽,分化率达90%以上;无根苗在1/2 MS+NAA 0.1～0.2 mg·L-1的生根培养基上生根率超过90%,移栽成活率达70%以上.     

东北红豆杉的愈伤组织诱导

提取并检测东北红豆杉茎和叶中紫杉醇的含量,茎和叶中均含有微量紫杉醇,茎中含量稍高一些。以茎和叶为外植体,MS为基础培养基,采用10种激素配比在黑暗条件下诱导愈伤组织。综合愈伤组织诱导率、愈伤组织生长状态和愈伤组织传代过程中的褐化情况,2,4-D 1.0 mg.L-1和6-BA1.0 mg.L-1为东北红豆杉茎愈伤诱导和传代的最佳激素配比。低温预处理外植体有利于减轻愈伤组织的褐化情况,但却降低了愈伤组织诱导率。在愈伤组织及培养基中未检测到紫杉醇。     

青大1号紫花苜蓿愈伤组织的诱导

为了探讨青大1号紫花苜蓿愈伤组织的最佳诱导条件,本文以MS培养基为基本培养基,分别选用青大1号紫花苜蓿的种子、无菌苗的叶片、根为外植体,通过改变MS培养基中生长素(2,4-D)和细胞分裂素(6-BA)的配比以及光照条件,研究影响紫花苜蓿愈伤组织形成的条件因素。结果表明:在25℃光照/黑暗(16 h/8 h)条件下,选用种子为外植体,在添加40μmol/L 2,4-D和15μmol/L 6-BA的MS培养基上愈伤组织诱导率为92.5%;选用叶片为外植体,在添加45μmol/L 2,4-D和10μmol/L 6-BA的MS培养基上愈伤组织的诱导率为45%;选用根为外植体,在添加10μmol/L2,4-D和2.5μmol/L6-BA的MS培养基上愈伤组织的诱导率为40%;全日照或者全黑暗都不利于紫花苜蓿愈伤组织的诱导。继代培养发现,25℃光照/黑暗(16 h/8 h)条件下,10μmol/L 2,4-D的MS培养基上最适宜紫花苜蓿的愈伤组织继代生长。青大1号紫花苜蓿愈伤组织形成的最佳组合为:选用种子为外植体,25℃光照/黑暗(16 h/8 h)条件下,添加40μmol/L 2,4-D和15μmol/L 6-BA的MS培养基进行诱导,10μmol/L 2,4-D的MS培养基进行继代生长。     

两种补血草属植物愈伤组织诱导的比较

以黄花补血草和大叶补血草无菌苗叶片为外植体,采用不同激素配比诱导愈伤组织,并分化获得不定芽,以建立两种补血草无性系,为植株快繁和细胞悬浮培养提供理论依据.结果表明:以补血草无菌苗叶片为外植体进行愈伤组织诱导和分化,可实现补血草快速繁殖,黄花补血草愈伤组织的诱导和分化较大叶补血草的容易.黄花补血草最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS 6-BA(0.3～0.5 mg/L) NAA(1.0～2.0 mg/L),最适分化培养基为MS 6-BA(0.3～1.0 mg/L) NAA(0.5～1.0mg/L);大叶补血草最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS 6-BA(0.3～0.5 mg/L) NAA 2.0 mg/L,最适分化培养基为MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.5 mg/L.     

甘草根愈伤组织诱导与可溶性蛋白含量变化

利用胀果甘草无菌苗根作为外植体诱导愈伤组织,经过多次继代培养筛选出4种类型的愈伤组织,并以不同质量浓度的NaCl胁迫处理Ⅰ型愈伤组织.测定了在根愈伤组织诱导过程中,不同类型愈伤组织继代培养中和Ⅰ型愈伤组织在NaCl胁迫处理条件下的生长情况及可溶性蛋白含量的变化情况.结果显示,以苗龄10d的无菌苗根为外植体可以诱导产生愈伤组织,以MS培养基附加1.0mg/L 2,4-D和0.2mg/L6-BA时,根愈伤组织的诱导率最高,继代培养生长状况良好为Ⅰ型愈伤组织;根外植体两端开始形成愈伤组织时可溶性蛋白含量最高,为2.01mg/g;不同培养基上继代培养的根愈伤组织生长状态不同,可溶性蛋白含量也有不同,以Ⅰ型愈伤组织中可溶性蛋白含量最高;Ⅰ型愈伤组织在5g/L NaCl胁迫下,继代培养21d后,愈伤组织生长量明显提升,在14~21d愈伤组织可溶性蛋白含量明显提高.本研究表明甘草愈伤组织对低质量浓度的盐胁迫有一定的适应性,使其可溶性蛋白含量升高,在可溶性蛋白含量剧烈变化期间,愈伤组织生长量明显提高.     

濒危植物延龄草愈伤组织诱导研究

通过延龄草愈伤组织诱导研究发现,延龄草根茎所产生的愈伤组织在1/2 MS BA(苄基氨基嘌呤)1.2 mg.L-1 IAA(吲哚乙酸)0.6 mg.L-1培养基中较好,诱导频率为83.33%;在1/2 MS BA 1.2 mg.L-1 IAA 1.2 mg.L-1培养基中次之,诱导频率为66.67%;在1/2 MS BA 1.2 mg.L-1 IAA 0.2 mg.L-1培养基中也能产生,但质地较差,诱导频率为22.22%;在1/2 MS BA 1.2 mg.L-1 NAA(萘乙酸)0.2mg.L-1培养基中也能产生少量.可见,以1/2 MS作为基础培养基,加入1.2 mg.L-1BA和0.6 mg.L-1IAA,以根茎为外植体进行延龄草组织培养,能产生大量的愈伤组织.研究表明,利用组织培养繁殖延龄草是一种有效、可行的途径.     

蒙古黄芪愈伤组织诱导及褐化抑制

分别以蒙古黄芪(Astragalus mongholicus Bunge)的子叶、下胚轴和胚根为外植体,在附加不同浓度的生长素NAA和细胞分裂素6-BA组合的MS培养基上进行愈伤组织初代培养,并对其继代培养中出现的褐化现象进行了抑制.实验结果表明,下胚轴为最佳外植体,在各个激素组合中的诱导率均达到最高,其中在添加了0.5 mg*L-1 6-BA和0.15 mg*L-1 NAA的培养基中诱导率可达到100%.在继代培养中,向培养基中添加0.1 mg*L-1 VC时,能有效降低愈伤组织的褐化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.