Translation Strategies for Dealing with Cultural Vacancy from the Perspective of Cultural Schemata

This paper demonstrates the role of cultural schemata in the process of dealing with cultural vacancy in translation,and then,it points out the criterion for the translation of cultural vacancy is to see whether the corresponding cultural schema is fully transformed.On the basis of the ideas discussed,the paper proposed six translating methods to deal with cultural vacancy in translation:transliteration,literal translation or transliteration with notes,literal translation or transliteration plus proper explanation,compensation,borrowing and free translation.It is proposed that all this translating methods should proceed from the perspective of cultural schemata so as to excavate the cultural meaning from a deeper level     

Cultural Differences and Words Translation

This paper focuses on the relationship between culture and translation research which aim of communication activity cross culture , and the effect of cultural difference to words translation. The focus is not only on theory, but also studies used as illustration. First, this paper analyses the development and effect of Nida＇s translation theories. It is then analyzed the problems in words translation caused by cultural differences and the methods which can be used to solve these problems. At last, this paper also prospects the effect produced by translation research which under the condition of cultural research to the world.     

Cultural Connotation in Euphemism Translation

This paper aims to observe euphemisms and its translation from cultural point of view.As euphemisms are,more often than not,the reflection of a certain culture,it is advisable to take into consideration their cultural connotation in understanding and translating euphemisms.And the thesis itself is probe into the translation methods and skills of euphemisms,via the origination of euphemism and the analysis of the relationship between euphemisms and culture to reflect its cultural connotation as far as possible.     

On the Problems and Strategies in Trademark Translation

Trademark,which is commonly known as brand,is the logo of commodity produced by manufacturer or operator of goods.Such kind of logo is usually composed of words or graphs,or by the combination of them.The trademarks of this paper refer to the trademark words,or brand names. This paper starts with the characteristics of English and Chinese trademarks,and then exhibits the current situation and problems in trademark translation;puts forward some basic strategies and methods of translation.Finally,some principles are provided to make translation of trademarks much more vivid and more expressive.All the above is to arouse consumers＇ desire to buy,which will make the products more competitive.     

A preliminary study of context and translation

As we know when we do translation we must know the meaning of every word or phrase first and then translate them.But translation is not as simple as just translate English into Chinese or Chinese into English,and we couldn't know the exact meaning until we consider those words,phrases or even sentences in a specific context.Now you may be eager to know the relationship between translation and context and what context is.So in this paper I will make a brief introduction about it.In this paper I classify context into two groups: context of situation and context of culture.Then I will give a detailed introduction about the influences of context on translating.The English translator and theorist Peter Newmark had said:"a common mistake is to ignore context.A not uncommon mistake is to make context the excuse for inaccurate translation".In the last chapter I will discuss the function of context in translation,how to find useful information from context and make it serve for translating better.     

Cultural Context and Translation

cultural context plays an important role in translation. Because translation is a cross-culture activity, the culture context that influences translating is consisted of both the culture contexts of source language and target language. This article firstly analyzes the concept of context and cultural context, then according to the procedure of translating classifies cultural context into two stages and talks about how they respectively influence translating.     

Characteristics of Contractual English and Its Translation Methods

With the occurrence of economic globalization,the translation of contractual English has played an increasingly important role in China economy.However,as a subject of business English,it is rare to find the research of contractual English,furthermore,the general translation theory including business English is not suited for contractual English translation.It will have both theoretical meanings and practical meanings to analysize contractual English translation.After simple contrast between business English and contractual English,from the characteristic of contractual English,the author discussed in detail about his understanding and research of the standards and mode of contractual English translation.The translation criteria:"faithfulness","exactness"and"customariness"are suggested.In the translation mode,the linguistic analysis is used to translate the contract,namely,vocabulary and syntax.The paper is completed on the basis of the author’s knowledge on the linguistic theroy and understandings of contract and contractual English.     

A Preliminary Study on the English Translation of Chinese Idioms

As we all know,some Chinese idioms are very different from English idioms in their constitutions and the figurative usages.How to comprehend and translate those idioms is a troublesome problem for most children.This paper will help you to make a successful translation.This paper falls into three parts.The first part,gives a brief introduction about the features of idioms.The second part gives a detailed introduction about how to retain those character in translation and the methods of translating idioms.And finally,it sums up several problems which we should pay attention to in translating idioms.     

On the Translation of Idioms in Terms of Functional Equivalence-The Scholars

Idioms translation is of special importance both in English and Chinese languages.It is necessary to understand its implied meaning.This paper has made a summary of idioms translation techniques employed by the Yangs in The scholars,laying emphasis on the relationship between Functional Equivalence and idioms translation.Introducing six ways of idioms translation in The Scholars,the author explores the common ground between Yang Xianyi and Nida＇s translating ideas--the translation should consider both the readers and translators,be faith-ful to the original point of view and so on.     

A Formal Model for BPEL4WS Description of Web Service Composition

Communicating Sequential Processes （CSP） is a kind of process algebra, which is suitable for modeling and verifying Web service composition. This paper describes how to model Web service composition with CSP. A set of rules for translating composition constructor of Business Process Execution Language for Web Services （BPEL4WS） to CSP notations is defined. According to the rules that have been defined, the corresponding translation algorithm is designed and illustrated with examples . The methods for model checking, model verification and model simulation are also introduced.     

Introduction about Eileen Chang’s translation of the Old Men and the Sea

People in our country know Eileen Chang mainly as an outstanding writer and literator.In fact she is appreciated more than being a writer internationally.Yet Chang’s outstanding talent as a trans1ator is known very 1ittle in mainland China.This thesis selects Eileen Chang’s translation phenomenon as the object of study. Mainly because at first, the translator is of course the decisive factor that makes the target text equivalent to the source text,and case study of outstanding translators obviously is a very important part of both translation theories and practice. Among the factors influencing translation, the subjectivity of the translator is the key one. For a translator who is also a writer,his/ her writing view influences his/ her translating ractice. Eileen Chang’s writing view is inflected in her translation of The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway. In my thesis, I would analysis her skill when translating the Old Man and the Sea. I found that she reflected her own attitude to the life when translating the novel.     

Translate the Cultural Differences on the Principle of Skopostheory

How to deal with the cultural differences in translation has become a very important issue in translation theory. The paper introduces Skopostheory to cultural translation and argues that it is not only appropriate but also successful in translating the cultural differences inaccordance with its corresponding purpose in each specific piece of translation. The author makes an illustration by comparing two differentEnglish translations of a fragment extracted from the Chinese novel“A Dream of Red Mansions”.     

To Introduce a Cultural Sense in Translation——A Brief Study of Non-equivalence in the Associated Meanings of English and Chinese Words

This paper attempts to demonstrate the importance of introducing cultural sense in translation practice, English to Chinese in particular, by examining the problem of non-equivalence at word level in associated meanings and to unveil the cultural aspects projected within. It is also argued that greater importance should be attached to the cultural perspectives in translation and flexible strategies should be adopted in dealing with the problems of non-equivalence in the associated meanings of words of different cultures.     

美国总统奥巴马演讲词修辞格分析

Under the great background of globalization today,communications between China and America are more frequent,it becomes significant for us to gain a deeper understanding of American presidents＇ speech.Obama serves as an example for us to study in this aspect.Until now,most people have been studying his speech mainly through either Chinese translations of his speeches or interpretations by the media,conducted through perspectives which are by no means rhetorically informed.Considering the fact that what we are dealing with is political speech,it is high time that the rhetorical perspective be introduced into the process of interpreting Obama＇s political communication in its original context.Such a perspective will help us obtain a better approach of interpreting his speech.This thesis has widely selected the typical political speeches of president Obama in his Election Campaign process,and analyzed three main rhetorical methods in political speech： simile,metaphor and metonymy.Figure of speech is an expression that departs from the accepted literal sense or from the normal order of words,or in which an emphasis is produced by patterns of sound.It is an especially important resource of poetry;it is also constantly present in all other kinds of speech and writing.The figure of speech is commonly used in political speech.In this part of the thesis the author will analyze three main types of figures in Obama＇s speech： Simile,metonymy and Metaphor.     

The Faithfulness Principle of Literary Translation

In the recent decades,whenever the question of principles of translation is under discussion,the three characters,faithfulness,expressiveness and elegance formulated by Yan Fu in his Introductory Remarks are thought of and supported as the one and only maxim all translators must absorb.But the three principles for translation,especially some of the methods related with them,seem to be not one hunderd percent applicable to the work of translation today.It is necessary to make a re?evaluation of them.We should neither negate nor affirm them as a whole without any criticism or revision.The correct attitude towards them is to accept them critically and absorb what is still useful to us.     

The Study of Public Signs Mistranslation and Coping Strategies

With the rapid development of China’s economy and the deepening of globalization,more and more foreigners head to China for study,work and travel.Therefore,the quality of the translation of public signs is of great importance.Proper translation of public signs does not only hint and help foreign friends,but embodies the degree of openness,internationalization and overall quality of a city as well.Based on Christiane Nord’s classification of translation errors,this paper will analyze the mistranslation in public signs and put forward the corresponding strategies.     

Values Manifested in English-Chinese Translation

Translating is a cross-cultural activity,and value is an important element of it.Therefore,it is undoubtedly that value will play an important role in English-Chinese translation,which is a learned organization of rules for making choices and resolving conflicts.These rules may serve to teach us to distinguish right and wrong,good and evil,what can be done and what cannot be.Accordingly,in this thesis,the notable differences in values in English-Chinese translation will be firstly dealt with,and then the main presentations of the value differences in English-Chinese translation will be analyzed.Furthermore,some effective methods to solve value-bound problems in English-Chinese translation will be discussed.     

Patterns of Thematic Progression

This paper discusses about how to use the theory of thematic progression in translation. Some linguists have talked about thematic progression in their works, but most of them are related to stylistics. This paper will pay much attention to the relationship between the patterns of thematic progression and the translation between English and Chinese, and how to use thematic progression in understanding and translating between English and Chinese.     

Literal Translation and Free Translation in the Translation of the Bible——Struggles and Compromises

This essay attempts to explore the struggles and compromises of literal translation and free translation in the Bible translation,and comes to the conclusion that the two methods experienced a process from being immature to mature till the final merge of them,which reflected the need of the readers and the social settings of different epochs.