p型ZnO:Mn-N薄膜的制备及特性研究

用射频磁控溅射法在石英玻璃衬底上制备了较高结晶质量的ZnO: Mn薄膜,继而进行N离子注入和退火处理,成功实现了ZnO薄膜的Mn-N两步法共掺杂和p型转变.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、Hall测试、分光光度计、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试手段对其性能进行了分析.结果表明:所测样品均具有单一的c轴择优取向,薄膜在退火后没有检测到其它杂质相的生成;薄膜在650 ℃经10～30 min退火时均可实现p型转变,空穴浓度可达1016～1017cm-3,表明650℃可能为ZnO: Mn-N体系中N离子达到电激活成为有效受主的温度;XPS能谱证明了Mn2+、N3-离子的掺入;在热退火作用下,部分间隙位N离子达到电激活通过扩散进入O空位,形成N-Zn或N-Mn键,是样品转变为p型的依据; p型ZnO: Mn-N薄膜室温下的禁带宽度为3.16 eV,相对未掺杂ZnO的禁带宽度3.29 eV明显减小.     

N-In共掺p型ZnO薄膜的结构和电学特性研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在石英衬底上制备ZnO∶In薄膜,以N离子注入的方式进行N掺杂,通过优化退火条件成功实现了ZnO∶In-N薄膜的p型转变。研究发现:在590℃退火20min获得性能良好的p-ZnO∶In-N薄膜,其空穴浓度、迁移率和电阻率分别为(1.01×1018)cm-3、3.40cm2.V-1.s-1、1.81Ω.cm。结合XPS分析认为ZnO∶In-N实现p型导电正是由于In的掺入与受主N形成了有利于p型导电的受主InZn-2NO复合体。Hall跟踪测试发现p型导电会随时间变化而最终转变为n型导电,结合XPS和第一性原理计算认为薄膜中存在残余应力和(N2)O施主缺陷是p型不稳定的原因。     

N-In共掺p型ZnO薄膜的结构和电学特性研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在石英衬底上制备ZnO∶In薄膜,以N离子注入的方式进行N掺杂,通过优化退火条件成功实现了ZnO∶In-N薄膜的p型转变.研究发现:在590 C退火20 min获得性能良好的p-ZnO∶In-N薄膜,其空穴浓度、迁移率和电阻率分别为(1.01×1018) cm-3、3.40 cm2·V-1·s-1、1.81Ω· cm.结合XPS分析认为ZnO∶In-N实现p型导电正是由于In的掺入与受主N形成了有利于p型导电的受主Inzn-2No复合体.Hall跟踪测试发现p型导电会随时间变化而最终转变为n型导电,结合XPS和第一性原理计算认为薄膜中存在残余应力和(N2)o施主缺陷是p型不稳定的原因.     

Cd掺杂对ZnO∶In薄膜光电性质的影响

采用射频磁控溅射技术在石英衬底上制备了不同Cd掺杂浓度的ZnO∶(In,Cd)薄膜,并研究了Cd掺杂浓度对薄膜光学和电学性质的影响。透射光谱测试发现,掺Cd对薄膜的透射率影响不大,都在80%以上,且随着Cd掺杂浓度的增加,薄膜的禁带宽度在3.253～3.148eV范围内减小。霍尔测试表明,Cd掺杂增强了薄膜的导电性,当Cd掺杂浓度为0at.%、2at.%和4at.%时,薄膜的电阻率分别为(2.68×10-1)、(1.30×10-1)和(6.83×10-2)Ω.cm。结合理论计算和光致发光谱分析认为,Cd掺入后ZnO的导带明显下移,这不仅导致ZnO∶(In,Cd)薄膜的带隙变窄,同时使施主杂质(Zni和InZn等)的电离能减小,从而增强了薄膜的导电性能。     

Al-N 共掺杂p 型ZnO 薄膜制备及电学性能的研究

利用射频磁控溅射技术在石英玻璃上制备了ZnO:Al薄膜,继而N离子注入实现薄膜的Al-N共掺杂,随后进行了不同温度和时间的热处理。并借助X射线衍射(XRD)、霍耳测试(Hall)、X射线光电能谱仪(XPS)等手段对ZnO薄膜的性能进行了表征。实验结果表明,Al-N共掺杂ZnO薄膜在578℃退火8 min表现出较稳定的p型导电,其载流子数高达1×1018～6×1018个·cm-3,对应的电阻率为1～9Ω·cm,迁移率为1～2 cm2·V-1·s-1。与单掺N相比,实现p型导电所需的退火温度有明显降低,这很可能与Al的掺入有关。此外,XPS测试结果证实大量的Ni取代O空位是薄膜p型导电的根本原因。     

本征缺陷对ZnO:(In,N)薄膜p型导电的影响

采用射频磁控溅射和离子注入技术,在石英玻璃衬底上制备了In-N共掺ZnO薄膜[ZnO:(In,N)].通过优化退火工艺,成功实现了可重复的p型ZnO:(In,N)薄膜,其空穴浓度约为10~(16)cm~(-3),并观察到薄膜随退火产生n→p→n电学转变现象.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和光致发光谱(PL)等测试手段,研究了掺杂杂质和本征缺陷对薄膜结构和p型导电的影响.发现相较于n型样品,p型ZnO中N相关受主缺陷浓度并不占优,但其本征施主缺陷锌间隙(Zn_i)含量较少,本征受主缺陷氧间隙(O_i)和锌空位(V_(Zn))相对较多.表明薄膜中除N相关受主缺陷(N_O,In_(Zn)-nN_O)对p型导电有贡献之外,本征缺陷(V_(Zn),O_i,Zn_i)对实现薄膜p型导电也有重要作用.因此,如何调控ZnO中本征缺陷是实现其p型转变以及获得稳定p-ZnO薄膜的重要手段.     

B-N共掺p型ZnO薄膜的制备及性质研究

利用射频磁控溅射技术用N2和O2作为溅射气体在石英沉底上制备了B-N共掺的p型ZnO薄膜.Hall测量结果表明,室温电阻率、载流子浓度、迁移率分别为2.3Ωcm,1.2×1017cm-3,11 cm2/Vs.制备了ZnO基同质p-n结,研究了它们的I-V特性.探讨了B-N共掺的p型ZnO薄膜低温光致发光的微观机制.同时阐明了B-N共掺的p型ZnO薄膜的导电机制.     

K掺杂量对K-N共掺ZnO薄膜光学性能的影响

利用超声喷雾热解法在石英玻璃衬底上制备不同K掺杂量的K-N共掺ZnO薄膜.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光谱(PL谱)和紫外-可见分光光度计对K-N共掺ZnO薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌及光学性能进行表征.结果表明:K-N共掺ZnO薄膜为六方纤锌矿结构并沿(002)方向择优生长;随着K掺杂量的增加,薄膜紫外发射峰的强度先升高后降低,并且吸收边出现轻微蓝移,禁带宽度增大;K-N共掺ZnO薄膜的透过率随K的掺杂量的增加先升高后降低,在65%～70%之间浮动.当K掺杂原子比为0.025时,所制备的薄膜具有高度的c轴择优取向,其薄膜表面均匀、光滑平整,具有较好的结晶度和光学性能.     

Sol-Gel法制备B-N共掺ZnO薄膜及光学性能研究

实验将B和不同含量的N元素掺入ZnO薄膜中,利用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)旋涂工艺分别在玻璃和硅衬底上制备B-N共掺ZnO薄膜.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和光致发光谱(PL)对B-N掺杂样品薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌及光学性能进行表征.结果表明,B-N共掺后的薄膜样品,与未掺杂样品和B单掺样品薄膜相比,薄膜结构仍为六方纤锌矿相,且沿ZnO (002)衍射峰择优生长.随着N掺杂量的增加,样品的(002)衍射峰的强度先增强再减弱,当N掺杂量为3.0at%时,衍射峰强度最强,更适合薄膜生长.此时c轴取向相对较好,结晶度高,薄膜表面性能最佳,透过率在90%左右,禁带宽度达到3.51eV,紫外发光峰受到抑制.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with