超构表面设计及其应用

超构表面作为二维形式的超构材料,在分界面处可以对透射、反射电磁波产生特定的相位分布,因此能够灵活调控电磁波前。超构表面的低剖面二维平面结构,在电磁调控领域具有广泛的应用前景,一系列的超构表面应用应运而生。主要介绍了超构表面的设计发展以及其应用,主要包括天线应用、RCS减缩、特殊波束、有源超构表面等4个方面。首先,在天线应用方面,超构表面可用于实现高增益透镜和极化转换功能;其次,从吸波型和散射调控型2种不同工作机理的角度介绍了应用于RCS减缩的超构表面;然后,针对特殊波束,主要介绍了超构表面在涡旋波束和全息成像中的应用;最后,从加载不同有源原件的角度分析有源超构表面的发展,并未来超构表面发展值得深入研究的方向。     

极化反射人工电磁表面

针对以往的人工电磁表面器件只能实现一种电磁功能的现象,提出一种可以根据电磁波极化方向改变其反射方向的人工电磁表面.依据广义菲涅尔反射定律,通过选择x和y方向上的相位梯度分布,电磁波在两个方向反射角可任意调节.以具有两个参数可调的矩形三明治结构为基本单元,基于数值拟合的方法合理选择单元尺寸,搭建6周期和12周期的极化反射人工电磁表面,CST仿真表明,该人工电磁表面系统对x极化和y极化入射的电磁波其反射方向完全相反,并且其反射角可以通过改变周期进行灵活调节,仿真结果和理论分析相吻合.该方法设计的极化反射人工电磁表面器件与传统的极化反射器件相比具有设计简单、体积小、成本低等优势.     

单负材料组合结构对斜入射电磁波的过滤作用

研究了入射方向改变时电磁波在负磁导率的开口谐振环结构、负介电常数的铜线阵列结构以及二者的组合结构中的透射,结果表明:随入射角度的变化电磁波的透射明显改变．组合结构对斜入射电磁波有衰减作用,只有在电磁波沿阵面法线方向入射时,才会有高的透射．组合结构可以用于微波的透射成像等技术．      

专题：超表面电磁调控方法与应用

超表面(metasurfaces)是由亚波长单元在平面内周期排列构成的二维结构，可实现对电磁波传输/反射振幅、相位、极化方式、传播模式等特性的灵活有效调控。 通过对电磁波的相位和振幅联合调控，可以实现艾利波束、任意波束赋形和全息；通过对电磁波的相位和极化联合调控，可以实现矢量涡旋波束；通过对电磁波的相位和频率联合调控，可以实现非线性超透镜和时空编码等功能，为电磁波的人工调控提供了全新设计思路及理论支撑。尽管如此，对于超表面的应用研究尚处于起步阶段，尤其是存在多元集成效率低、带宽窄、可重构设计复杂、成本高等若干瓶颈技术亟待新理论、新方法进行突破。本专题主要依托国家自然科学基金等军内外基础研究项目，聚焦超表面电磁调控领域最新研究成果，推动超表面在无线通信系统和隐身中的广泛应用，以期增进国内同行在该领域的学术交流。本期专题采用在线支撑材料等增强出版形式，读者可扫描文中二维码链接查看相关支撑材料，以加深对论文内容、思路与方法的理解。     

无导电衬底单轴吸波材料的反射和透射特性

导出了无导电衬底单轴各向异性吸波材料对斜入射电磁波的反射系数和透射系数公式;分析了极化方式、入射角及材料电磁参数等对反射系数和透射系数的影响;得到关于无导电衬底单轴各向异性吸波材料对斜入射电磁波的反射和透射特性的一些重要结论．     

无导电衬底单轴吸波材料的反射和透射特性

导出了无导电衬底单轴各向异性吸波材料对斜入射电磁波的反射系数和透射系数公式,分析了极化方式、入射角及材料电磁参数等对反射系数和透射系数的影响;得到关于无导电衬底单轴各向异性吸波材料对斜入射电磁波的反射和透射特性的一些重要结论。     

良导体表面平面电磁波传播特征

为了更深入了解良导体表面平面电磁波的反射波和透射波性质,通过分析良导体的特征参数,对导体表面的透射波和反射波进行了模拟,并把良导体表面反射波和理想导体表面反射波进行了对比.模拟结果表明,良导体透射波的透入深度由导体参数和电磁波频率决定;良导体反射波和理想导体的差别仅在于反射波和入射波存在一个额外相位差,而其反射系数几乎和理想导体一样为1.     

屏蔽体内部电磁场分布特性分析

通过孔洞、缝隙耦合进入屏蔽体内部的电磁波经过与腔室内表面的多次反射、折射,形成了复杂的电磁环境,在电磁波叠加作用下可能会形成一些电场强度或磁场强度较强的关键点,进而对该位置处的电子元器件造成电磁损伤。通过建立开缝屏蔽壳体的电磁模型,计算在不同入射方向和极化方式条件下耦合进入屏蔽体内部的电磁场,分析关键点的分布规律,进而提出敏感电子元器件的位置摆放原则,通过避开谐振位置的方式减少元器件的电磁能量耦合,增强屏蔽体的电磁防护能力。     

三层介质人体模型中电磁波传输的研究

人体这个局部的电磁兼容系统，正面临着环境电磁骚扰的挑战。为了更加深入的理解电磁波生物效应，文章通过对人体构建三层介质模型，利用解析法研究了电磁波垂直入射到人体模型时，在几层介质内的能量损耗状况；入射与透射电磁波之间的关系；给出了入射系数与反射系数的表达式。最后根据具体的电磁环境进行了讨论，并计算了比吸收率。     

不同媒质界面平面电磁波的反射与透射

利用相应的媒质界面反射、透射场方程,对平面电磁波在两种典型媒质—理想介质和理想导体表面的入射波、反射波以及透射波进行了模拟,利用模拟结果得出理想介质和理想导体的反射、透射特性.一般导电介质具有和典型介质本质不同的特征,但可以根据介质参数和电磁波频率的不同把介质近似为理想介质或理想导体.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the