浙江象山湾海岸线分形与人类干扰强度分析

为研究象山湾海岸线形态的时空变化,总结不同人类干扰强度下海岸线的分维值范围,采用遥感影像图结合Arc GIS分别对1995年、2002年、2014年的海岸线进行了数字化,并根据一定原则对不同干扰强度下的岸线进行了分段,运用网格法进行分形维数的计算.最后,对海岸线分形与人类干扰强度关系进行了探讨.结果表明:1)1995—2014年,象山湾海岸线的分维值稳定在1.04左右,但呈现下降趋势;2)全人工岸线分维值为0.97~1.04,半人工岸线分维值为0.99~1.02,全自然岸线分维值为1.03~1.09.说明受人类干扰强度越小,海岸线分维值一般越大.     

基于分形理论的河床表面形态量化方法研究

提出以河床表面分形维数从整体上量化河床形态,并依据表面积—尺度法原理,在对现有面分维计算方法的表面积估算、边界处理及无标度区判断等方面进行改进的基础上,给出了适用于具有不规则边界的表面分形维数计算方法,该方法对河床表面分维计算具有较好的适用性.将典型河段的年内冲淤变化、局部河势、河型与河床表面分形维数变化结合起来,说明了河床表面形态具有一定的分形特征,河床表面分形维数可随着河床的冲淤变化而改变,河床形态冲淤起伏愈剧烈,则河床表面分形维数愈大,其能定量反映河床形态的复杂程度,可用于河势量化分析、河型判别以及河道形态阻力计算等相关问题研究.     

河床表面分形特征及其分形维数计算方法

将分形原理、地理信息（GIS）技术与河床演变理论相结合,以河道水下地形图为基础,首先通过编程自动提取高程数据,利用GIS软件建立河床表面数字高程模型,然后以此来计算河床表面的分形维数,并对投影覆盖法进行了改进.最后对比了各河段不同时期的床面分维数,初步探讨了其物理意义.研究表明,该方法用来计算复杂表面的分维数高效准确,为计算河床表面分形维数提供了一个新的途径.同时河床表面分维数具有时空变异性,能定量反映床面的冲淤起伏程度,与河床演变中的河势和河型都有内在关系.这在河床演变及河流动力学具有一定的应用价值.     

河流长度整体分维与局部分维关系研究——以长江重庆主城段为例

在对长江重庆主城段河流水系分形几何特征研究基础上,通过建立的河流分形模型,计算了长江重庆主城段河流长度的整体分维,并将河流分成6个河段,计算了各河段的局部分维,探讨了该河流长度的整体分维和局部分维之间的一定关系:1)长江重庆主城段河流长度整体分维与局部分维都具有很好的二阶分维特性;2)长江重庆主城段各河段左右两岸各局部分维之间,局部分维与整体分维之间的数理关系满足分形地貌中的合并原理;3)河流长度的算术平均值并不等于整体分维值.     

基于GIS的龙口市海岸线分形特征研究

采用GIS手段提取了龙口市2004年及2008年海岸线,根据分形理论并利用Matlab软件求取了龙口市两个时相海岸线的分维数.通过对龙口市海岸线的分形维数的计算,得出龙口市海岸线具有一定的分形特征,并且对两个时相的分形特征进行了比较分析.     

基于遥感测量的海岸线变化与分析

采用较高分辨率的卫星影像,对影像的空间数据进行挖掘,解译出不同时期的海岸线;在盐城沿海选择12个断面,定量地获取海岸线信息,计算海岸的淤蚀形态和速率变化;分析典型岸段人类活动对海岸线变化的影响.分析结果表明:在人类活动影响下研究区域海岸线形态平直化程度加剧,2007—2009年海岸线平直情况突出,长度缩短近40km;2009—2010年海岸线平直化有所减缓.盐城海岸线年平均淤长速率在44~100m.射阳河口北部海岸线变化很小,南部淤长比较明显(其中水龙港—川东港口海岸年淤长速率达到278m).     

岷江上游日径流过程分维分析及其生态脆弱性表征

运用分形理论的计盒维数原理，采用网格法研究了岷江上游日径流过程线的分形特征．通过计算紫坪铺站、姜射坝站、桑平站的日径流过程分形维数，发现各测站间的分维数变化上存在很大的联系，日径流过程分维数的变化趋势基本一致，将姜射坝站日径流过程线分维数与岷江上游生态脆弱性结合进行分析，分维在一定程度上还可以是生态脆弱性的表征，因此分形分维理论为水文学和生态学研究提供了新思路。     

强潮海湾水动力环境对人类干预的响应——以泉州湾为例

泉州湾平均潮差大于4.2m,最大潮差超过6m,是典型强潮海湾.泉州湾向东面向台湾海峡开敞,年平均波高0.9m,最大波高2~4m,泥沙运动受波浪和潮流共同作用.针对泉州湾海域波浪、潮流、泥沙以及海床演变特点,建立了二维波流泥沙数学模型,2016年大小潮验证表明,计算潮位、流速、流向、悬沙含量与实测过程吻合良好,计算泥沙冲淤量和分布趋势与实测值接近.在此基础上,研究了不同强度人类干预对泉州湾水动力环境的影响.结果表明,1978年以来的边滩围填使泉州湾入口、石湖秀涂断面、洛阳江进出潮量分别减少约4%、8%和14%;人工岛引起的冲淤主要在工程周边,对泉州湾滩槽稳定格局影响较小.纳潮量是维持海湾滩槽稳定的重要指标之一,海湾开发过程中要尽可能不影响海湾以及入湾河口泄洪纳潮.研究结果可为类似强潮海湾滩槽保护、开发利用等提供借鉴.     

基于遥感图像的城市形态分维计算网格法的实现

在城市的分形研究中,常会计算其分维数,用分维数刻画城市的分形特征.作者以计算北京城市形态的分维数为例,介绍2种用网格法计算分维的方法:矢量法和栅格法.矢量法是在ArcView平台下通过叠加分析完成的,栅格法则是在Matlab环境下编程实现的.文章还将从实现过程、适用程度和计算结果3个方面对这2种方法作比较,得到的结论为矢量法和栅格法各有长短,各有适用场合.在具体的应用中,应根据实际情况选择合适的方法.     

分形在砂状氧化铝强度研究中的应用

应用分形理论研究了砂状氧化铝表面形貌和强度的关系. 采用扫描电镜分析了一系列种分、碳分氧化铝颗粒的形貌特征, 进行了分维数的计算和磨损指数的测定. 研究结果表明, 碳分氧化铝的磨损指数随分维数增大而增大;种分氧化铝磨损指数和分维数之间的关系必须结合形貌结构进行分析, 形貌结构类型相同的种分氧化铝的磨损指数随分维数增大而增大.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.