微观物理模拟水驱油实验及残余油分布分形特征研究

研究制作了能真实反映岩石孔隙结构的微观仿真孔隙模型,应用微观渗流物理实验模拟技术和图像分析技术,开展了微观模型水驱油物理模拟实验,对水驱油过程及微观物理模型中残余油的形成和分布进行了观察,模拟了不同驱替速度、孔隙结构、粘度比等条件下的水驱过程.应用分形几何学的基本理论,给出了数盒子法和R/S分析法定量研究微观残余油分形特征的关系式,结合水驱油残余油分布图像,建立了用分形维数定量表征残余油及空间分布的测定方法.研究结果表明,随驱替速度增大,形成的残余油量减少;随原油粘度增大,形成的残余油量增多.容量维数表征了残余油的多少,它与残余油饱和度、孔隙结构有关;分形维数则表征了残余油空间分布的非均质性,分形维数越大,残余油空间分布的非均质性越强.     

微观物理模拟水驱油实验及残余油分布分形特征研究

研究制作了能真实反映岩石孔隙结构的微观仿真孔隙模型，应用微观渗流物理实验模拟技术和图像分析技术，开展了微观模型水驱油物理模拟实验，对水驱油过程及微观物理模型中残余油的形成和分布进行了观察，模拟了不同驱替速度、孔隙结构、粘度比等条件下的水驱过程。应用分形几何学的基本理论，给出了数盒子法和R／S分析法定量研究微观残余油分形特征的关系式，结合水驱油残余油分布图像，建立了用分形维数定量表征残余油及空间分布的测定方法。研究结果表明，随驱替速度增大，形成的残余油量减少；随原油粘度增大，形成的残余油量增多。容量维数表征了残余油的多少，它与残余油饱和度、孔隙结构有关；分形维数则表征了残余油空间分布的非均质性，分形维数越大，残余油空间分布的非均质性越强。     

页岩气储层毛管压力曲线分形特征

通过分形理论利用毛管压力曲线分析页岩储层的孔隙分布特征,研究储层内部的复杂孔隙结构。根据四川盆地上三叠统页岩储层样品的实测毛管压力曲线,结合前人的研究成果,总结出2类页岩储层毛管压力曲线;分段拟合计算分形维数后,发现压汞曲线只有部分段的分形维数在合理范围内。说明利用分形维数研究页岩储层孔径分布时,要对曲线进行分段拟合。此外,证明了毛管压力曲线能够反映孔径>150nm的中孔的孔隙半径分布。     

基于压汞实验及密闭取芯的致密油储层分形特征

微观孔隙结构特征是致密砂岩储层研究中的一个重点,对进一步认识储层和后期开发有着重要的意义。对鄂尔多斯盆地中部长4+5储层22块密闭取芯样品进行了薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射和压汞测试,对储层微观孔隙结构的分形特征进行了系统研究。利用毛管压力和湿相饱和度的双对数回归曲线可以计算出分形维数。结果显示,本区长4+5储层存在统一的分形特征。平均孔喉半径与分形维数存在正相关关系,说明随着平均孔喉半径的增大,孔喉半径之间差异变大,储层的非均质性增强。分析认为由于受到成岩作用的影响,孔隙较大的储层受到的溶蚀作用更强,导致孔隙尺寸差别较大,孔隙结构复杂;而孔隙较小的储层的喉道半径变化不大,分布较为均匀。储层的物性和分形维数呈正相关,其主要原因为储层物性主要受到孔喉大小的影响。根据矿物含量与分形维数的关系可得出,石英和绿泥石会使孔隙结构的复杂性降低,而长石和伊利石则会增加储层孔隙结构的复杂性和非均质性。     

实际油藏条件下毛管力曲线测定方法

研发高温高压毛管力曲线测定仪,使用地层水和含有溶解气的地层油,模拟油藏温度和压力条件,测定渗透率不同的3块岩心的地下毛管力曲线,并与压汞法得到的地下毛管力曲线进行对比。结果表明:由压汞毛管力曲线按照常规转换方法得到的地下毛管力曲线均比实测毛管力曲线低,两种曲线在曲线平缓段有较大差别,渗透率为(0.3~1.3)×10~(-3)μm~2的岩心,润湿相饱和度70%时毛管力差值为0.08~0.12 MPa;通过压汞毛管力曲线与实际毛管力曲线拟合,渗透率为(0.3~1.3)×10~(-3)μm~2的岩心实际转换系数为4~5(常规转换系数为7.26),渗透率越高的岩心拟合系数越低。     

基于RQI分类利用毛管压力曲线计算原始含油饱和度

储层原始含油饱和度是评价储层的重要参数,一般是通过压汞资料得到的毛管压力曲线来求取该参数。然而,在具有相同进驱力时,微观孔隙结构对含油饱和度的影响起到了非常大的作用;同时,通过理论分析所得,储层品质指数是定量表征储层微观孔隙结构的最佳宏观物性参数。研究基于储层品质指数对岩心分析数据进行分类,进而利用毛管压力曲线求取储层原始含油饱和度,最终应用于其它储层。     

鄂尔多斯盆地城华地区长4+5段储层孔隙结构及分形特征研究

储层孔隙结构对油气勘探开发至关重要,但孔隙几何形状、尺寸分布以及孔隙空间展布等特征难以利用单一手段进行描述。通过岩心资料、铸体薄片资料、扫描电镜资料分析、高压压汞及分形理论等多种方法对鄂尔多斯盆地城华地区长4+5储层微观孔隙结构进行精细表征。研究结果显示:城华地区长4+5储层孔隙度平均为9.93%,渗透率为0.41 mD,表现出典型的特低孔超低渗特征,储层孔喉结构复杂,储层非均质性强。储层中孔隙类型主要为粒间孔、粒内溶孔以及晶间孔和微裂缝;储层孔喉半径主要分布在0.06 μm-2 um;根据压汞曲线将研究区储层孔隙结构分为3类。汞饱和度法研究砂岩储层分形特征表明相对小孔呈现出较好的分形特征,分形维数平均值为2.31,相对大孔分形维数平均值为4.90,表明相对大孔不具分形特征,孔隙结构复杂,非均质性强;分析认为成岩作用、裂缝发育以及过度简化孔隙形态是导致研究区相对大孔分形维数偏大的主要原因。通过计算出的转折点半径与渗透率、中值半径有良好的相关性,表明转折点半径适用于表征孔隙结构非均质性。研究成果对科学勘探开发研究区油气资源具有借鉴意义。     

多孔介质微观孔隙结构分形特征及分形系数的意义

依据孔隙结构的球体模型和毛管束模型 ,推导出两种模型的孔隙体积表达式和两种模型分形维数间的关系式。计算结果表明 ,基于毛管束模型的分形维数总比基于球体模型计算的分形维数小 1,分形系数的物理意义在于它反映了孔隙的发育程度。基于毛管束模型 ,利用压汞数据计算了西峰油田长 8储层多孔介质微观孔隙的分形维数 ,同时给出了分形维数与孔隙度、渗透率等地层参数的关系曲线。分析结果表明 ,该区孔隙结构具有分形特征 ,分形维数为 1～ 2。分形维数越大 ,多孔介质微观孔隙分布的非均质性越强 ;分形系数越大 ,孔隙越发育 ,储层物性越好。     

多孔介质微观孔隙结构分形特征及分形系数的意义

依据孔隙结构的球体模型和毛管束模型,推导出两种模型的孔隙体积表达式和两种模型分形维数间的关系式。计算结果表明,基于毛管束模型的分形维数总比基于球体模型计算的分形维数小1,分形系数的物理意义在于它反映了孔隙的发育程度。基于毛管束模型,利用压汞数据计算了西峰油田长8储层多孔介质微观孔隙的分形维数,同时给出了分形维数与孔隙度、渗透率等地层参数的关系曲线。分析结果表明,该区孔隙结构具有分形特征,分形维数为1～2。分形维数越大,多孔介质微观孔隙分布的非均质性越强;分形系数越大,孔隙越发育,储层物性越好。     

低渗透油藏二元复合驱微观机制研究

 选取不同渗透率级别的低渗和特低渗储层岩心进行水驱、二元驱油实验,研究不同驱替方式、驱替压力梯度对驱油效率的影响.实验结果表明,对于低渗透油藏,二元驱油效率高于水驱,随着压力梯度的增大,驱油效率增加,并且渗透率越低,增加幅度越明显.通过核磁共振T₂谱与恒速压汞微观孔喉测试相结合,分析岩心束缚水状态含油饱和度分布及残余油分布规律,发现较高压力梯度下二元驱替后,低渗透岩心中细微孔隙残余油较少,而高渗透岩心中较大孔隙残余油较多.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to