粘土固化注浆帷幕对渗滤液中苯酚的吸附性能研究

采用醋酸铵反复作用法测得原粘土和粘土固化帷幕试样的阳离子交换容量,利用紫外分光光度仪测定溶液浓度,通过室内吸附平衡实验研究粘土固化注浆帷幕对渗滤液中苯酚的吸附性能.研究结果表明:在试验条件下,粘土固化注浆帷幕对苯酚的吸附量在2 d后逐渐达到平衡,平衡吸附率为75.8%,拟合计算的最终平衡吸附率达到96%,表明粘土固化注浆帷幕对苯酚具有较强的吸附能力;粘土固化注浆帷幕对渗滤液中苯酚的吸附总体上符合Henry模型;而在苯酚浓度较高时,粘土固化注浆帷幕对苯酚的吸附较符合Langmuir模型,相关系数达0.96;粘土固化注浆帷幕对苯酚的吸附作用主要是由于存在电荷不平衡的较大内表面,其吸附能力与表面电荷密度、内部自由孔径以及有机物的特性等因素有关.     

粘土固化注浆帷幕对重金属离子的吸附特性

采用醋酸铵反复作用法测得了不同配比粘土固化浆液结石体的阳离子交换容量,利用原子吸收分光光度仪测定溶液浓度,通过室内吸附平衡实验研究了粘土固化注浆帷幕对重金属离子的吸附特性.结果表明:粘土固化注浆帷幕对Pb2 和Cd2 的吸附能力与浆液配比密切相关,在室温和pH 5.0条件下浆液组分中水泥与粘土质量比为2∶4时吸附能力最强;实验条件下Pb2 的吸附量大于Cd2 ;Pb2 和Cd2 之间存在竞争吸附,Pb2 的竞争吸附系数大于Cd2 ,且Pb2 的吸附速率大于Cd2 ;粘土固化注浆帷幕对Pb2 和Cd2 的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附曲线模型,相关系数在99%以上.     

粘土固化注浆帷幕对有害物质的阻滞作用

分析了粘土固化注浆结石体对固体废物填埋场渗滤液中有害物质的阻滞效果．采用高浓度、高水头梯度条件下的重金属离子和有机物对4cm厚的结石体进行渗流实验．研究结果表明由Pb     

粘土固化注浆帷幕对重金属离子的渗透实验分析

通过渗透实验研究了粘土固化注浆帷幕浆液配比对抗渗性能的影响,测试了其对重金属离子的抗渗性能,比较了不同重金属离子的迁移速度,并通过对比实验分析了其防腐性能.实验结果表明：粘土固化注浆帷幕的抗渗性能随着固相含量的增加而增强,且粘土对抗渗性能的贡献大于水泥;重金属离子在粘土固化注浆帷幕中迁移时可生成难溶的沉淀物,堵塞帷幕的导水通道,改善帷幕的孔隙结构和孔级配,使帷幕的抗渗性能随渗透历时逐渐增强;不同重金属离子在帷幕中的迁移速度不同,实验条件下的迁移速度Hg^2＋＞Pb^2＋;实验验证了粘土固化注浆帷幕具有较好的防腐性能.     

黏土固化浆液充填富水岩溶的抗渗性能研究

为了研究黏土固化浆液充填富水岩溶的抗渗性能,开发了一套室内富水岩溶浆液结石体渗透系数测试装置.通过室内试验,模拟了不同注浆参数和地层排水速度下黏土固化浆液充填富水岩溶的注浆过程,得到了浆液结石体的完整试样,测得了岩溶水养护下试样的渗透系数.试验结果表明:黏土固化浆液具有良好的加固防渗性能,岩溶水养护下28d渗透系数可达1×10-6 cm/s,完全满足富水岩溶充填注浆防渗设计要求;各因素对结石体渗透系数影响程度依次为注浆压力、浆液水固比、地层排水速度,且结石体渗透系数与浆液水固比、地层排水速度呈正相关关系,与注浆压力呈负相关关系.对于实际注浆工程,在地层排水速度一定的情况下,可通过调节注浆压力、优化浆液水固比等方式,来获得较优的结石体抗渗性能.通过电子显微镜扫描进行微观分析可知:微观结构上的差异与宏观结石体渗透系数的变化规律一致,随着注浆压力的增大,颗粒间间距逐渐减小,结石体电镜结构形态依次表现为松散絮状、松散片状、较密实团状及密实板状,结石体密实度进一步提高.     

垃圾填埋场防渗浆材对重金属污染物阻滞规律的实验研究

基于膨润土—粉煤灰—水泥(BFC)浆材和柔壁渗透仪,采用人工配制的重金属离子溶液对不同高度浆材结石体进行了渗滤试验,试验证明:由于渗滤沉积作用和吸附滞留作用,浆材结石体对Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cd等重金属污染物的95%阻滞在开始渗滤的30 mm范围内,而且随着试样高度增加,对各种污染物的阻滞率基本呈现增大的趋势,并有...     

垃圾填埋场防渗浆材阻滞性能的实验研究

针对垃圾填埋场防渗的特殊要求,通过大量正交试验研究,研制了一种膨润土-水泥-粉煤灰（BCF）浆材,包括S型、N型和Z型3种类型。采用自己开发的专利产品柔壁渗透仪对浆材进行了阻滞性能测试。浆材结石体对CODcr、氨氮和磷的阻滞率均达到了82％以上,对酞酸酯和常见重金属离子的阻滞率均在99．6％以上。提出了渗滤沉积作用和吸附滞留作用是浆材结石体对污染物的阻滞机理。     

砂砾石土灌浆防渗效果定量评价试验研究

通过设计试验,将不同水灰比的水泥浆液灌入到不同孔隙比的砂砾石地层中,并通过室内压水试验对结石体的防渗效果进行了检测．试验结果显示,水灰比和孔隙比对砂石料结石体渗透系数的影响并不明显,只要砂料的孔隙被凝胶体充满,地层的渗透性状就得到了同样的改善,砂石料结石体的渗透系数可达10。-10。cm／s．而沿结石体扩散半径方向上末段的部位未被水泥浆完全充满,防渗性能较前端有所下降．为使灌浆帷幕充分发挥防渗效果,建议现场施工时使钻孔帷幕留取一定搭接量,搭接量可为最大扩散半径的10％～20％．     

粘土基防渗浆材的实验研究

针对目前常用浆材的局限性和工程应用的需要,采用正交优化的实验方法研究一种以粘土为主的粘土基防渗浆材,浆材具有良好的稳定性和可灌性,其结石体具有低渗透性和较低强度,适用于非加固型的防渗注浆工程。     

垃圾填埋场防渗浆材及其阻滞规律的实验研究

针对垃圾填埋场防渗要求高的特点,在渗滤阻滞作用和吸附阻滞作用阻滞机理研究的基础上,选用粉质黏土、钠基膨润土、水泥和粉煤灰材料进行了SBCF浆材研究,通过大量正交实验研究和重复试验优选出SBCF浆材配方,其56d结石体的渗透系数1.48×10-8~1.71×10-8 cm/s,抗压强度为1.10~1.12MPa,弹性模量为97.7~99.7MPa。采用自有专利研制的柔壁渗透仪进行了浆材结石体对垃圾渗沥液中污染物阻滞规律的实验研究,实验表明阻滞率均随试样高度增加而增大,且在开始渗滤的100mm内阻滞率增加较快,大于100mm后阻滞率增加减缓,当试样高度达到180mm时,对垃圾渗沥液中主要污染物的阻滞率均能达到95%以上,并可将此实验规律作为设计防渗墙墙体厚度的依据。该浆材具有渗透系数低、对污染物阻滞率高、塑性与耐久性好、无化学添加剂、无污染、原材料来源广和经济性好等特点,可用于新建或既有垃圾填埋场、建筑基坑工程和水利工程防渗处理。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.