建筑防烟分区划分安全性研究

设置防烟分区是建筑防排烟的重要措施之一。同一防火分区,其防烟分区可有多种划分,为探讨安全性高且又能应对各种火灾可能性的合理化设计,该文基于火灾安全性分析原理,通过场模型的仿真计算方法,研究了典型建筑空间中防烟分区划分对火灾安全性的影响。研究结果表明:防烟分区划分应该与疏散出口的分布相匹配;过多疏散出口划归在一个防烟分区将导致安全性严重降低;各个防烟分区均匀分布疏散出口,则有助于适应火灾发生地点的不可预知性,确保任何火灾情况下的疏散安全性。     

地下商场内火灾烟气运动及控制的大涡模拟

采用湍流大涡模拟方法,对接近于方形的地下商场内的火灾烟气运动及机械排烟进行了数值模拟;研究了机械排烟口的布置和排烟量对火灾烟气排放有效性的影响.结果表明在商场具有防烟分区和挡烟垂壁的条件下,在右侧墙处实施机械排烟比在顶棚处实施机械排烟可取得较好的排烟效果.随着机械排烟量的增大,室内烟气层的高度有明显的上升,从疏散口和自然补风口处流出的烟气速度减小,流入的空气速度增大.     

北京奥运体育馆烟控系统性能化设计

根据奥运体育馆的特点,指出了对于烟控系统采用处方式设计的不足之处,给出了对体育馆进行性能化的烟控系统设计的过程,论述了人员生命安全判定指标、火灾规模、清晰高度、烟控系统参数的确定问题,并对CFD软件进行模拟验证和优化时遇到的排烟量优化、控烟分区划分、补风设计、抽漏现象的避免,过烟孔设置等问题进行了深入研究。     

关于公共娱乐场所防排烟设计的探讨

通过对公共娱乐场所建筑物类型、结构和火灾发展的分析,阐述了防火安全设计中非常重要的防排烟设计问题,并根据建筑物具体情况,对防火与防烟分区划分、挡烟垂壁的设置、管道布置等问题进行了综合考虑,提出了公共娱乐场所防排烟设计方面的防火对策。     

防烟楼梯间各种防排烟方式的利与弊

高层建筑因其功能复杂、烟气流动速度快、垂直疏散距离长造成人员疏散困难，这就要求设计时在建筑的每层营造出一块火灾时免受高温烟气侵害的”相对安全空间”，让处在建筑中的人员能够从容疏散到室外的安全地带。这一”相对安全空间”就是防烟楼梯间。因此，《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》（GB50045—95）明确规定：一类建筑和除单元式和通廊式住宅外的建筑高度超过32米的二类建筑以及塔式住宅，均应设防烟楼梯间。防烟楼梯间的防排烟方式有三种：自然排烟、机械防烟和机械排烟。     

排烟量和送风比对地下街烟气控制的模拟研究

以淮南市某地下商业街其中一防火分区为研究对象,采用模拟软件FDS进行了火灾烟气控制的数值模拟,对顶棚机械排烟条件下,排烟量和送风比对室内火灾烟气有效控制的影响进行了研究,模拟分析结果表明,在顶棚机械排烟时,排烟量对室内烟气控制的影响较大。当排烟量为115m3/（m2·h）时,可以达到很好的烟气控制效果,送风比对此的影响较小;当排烟量和送风比过大时,使室内烟气紊流加剧,火场情况混乱。研究结果为此类狭长型地下建筑火灾的控制和人员疏散提供参考。     

苏州火车站地下交通联系通道火灾烟控方案的性能

针对苏州火车站地下交通联系通道工程实际,建议增设防火卷帘对通道进行物理隔断,以地面出入口和风井划分排烟控制区段,提出不同火灾位置时的排烟控制方案.借助火灾动力学模拟软件FDS模拟苏州火车站地下交通联系通道火灾烟气的蔓延情况,结合火灾发生时人员和车辆利用通道内既有设施进行疏散的安全性分析,对各烟气控制方案的通风排烟效果进行性能化研究,验证了火灾烟控方案的有效性.     

仓储式超级市场建筑防火对策

仓储式超级市场火灾荷载大,人员集中,一旦起火极易蔓延。本文从总平面布局出发,在耐火等级、防火分区、防烟排烟、安全疏散、消防设施和室内装修等方面对仓储式超级市场防火设计工作做些初步设想,期望有利于减少火灾发生或有效阻止火势蔓延。     

大空间结构各种火灾场景下的温度场分布

大空间建筑近年来在中国得到了迅速的发展,其防火设计研究工作也日趋受到人们重视。利用流体动力学计算软件FLUENT对大空间建筑中的不同火灾场景进行了数值模拟,着重分析了单个火源位于底面不同位置处以及2个火源同时存在时模型壁面温度场的分布。此外,由于防烟分区和排烟系统等的设置对大空间建筑火灾下的温度分布有较大影响,还对在考虑防排烟装置情况下的结构温度场变化进行了计算与对比。研究结果表明:当火源距离空间壁面较近时,温度沿高度方向梯度很大,沿高度方向不能近似为等温处理;在2个火源同时存在的情况下,不宜将各火源功率直接相加后用单个火源计算结果作为实际温度场的分布,应考虑各火源的相对功率和相对位置的影响。     

地下停车库的通风与排烟

根据实例分析了几种防烟分区划分的利弊,指出系统的划分要充分注意到排风量和排烟量的匹配,并尽量使管路简化,运行可靠。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.