密度泛函理论研究Nin团簇的基态结构和性质

使用密度泛函理论,计算得到了Nin(n=2~8)团簇的基态几何结构。结果表明,团簇的结构与块体不同,随尺寸变化较大;由于Jahn-Teller效应的存在,团簇的基态结构采取对称性较低的构型;每原子平均束缚能、配位数均随尺寸单调增长;Nin(n=4,5)团簇的分裂以失去Ni2方式进行,其余以失去镍原子方式进行;电离势随尺寸的振荡趋势与实验一致。     

Gupta势结合多种算法求解Con（n=2-6O）团簇基态的效率

采用Gupta势结合完全随机数方法、无规网格点随机数方法、分子动力学模拟淬火法、分子动力学模拟退火法和遗传算法分别求解了Con（n=2-60）团簇的基态几何结构与能量，通过与标准数据库结果对比分析，结果表明：在所讨论的尺寸范围内，遗传算法的求解效率最好，能找到全部的基态结构，分子动力学模拟退火法效率次之，只在个别团簇尺寸时没找到基态结构；而对于含原子数在35以下的中小团簇，随机数方法、无规网格点随机数法也都有很好的效率；同时，文中也讨论了运用不同随机数、不同网格点及不同淬火温度对结果的影响．     

遗传算法优化(MgO)n团簇(n=2～20)结构

基于经验势，利用遗传算法研究了中性氧化镁（MgO）n团簇（n=2～20）的稳定结构．当n=3，6，9，12，15，18时，（MgO）n团簇具有幻数结构．对这些幻数结构的不同稳定异构体在Me2／6—31G水平上进行优化，并对稳定结构的特征及其随尺寸变化的规律进行了分析．同时，优化了带负电的（MgO）n^-（n≤6）团簇的结构，分析了额外负电子对团簇结构的影响．     

钛团簇的融化行为

采用经验分子动力学方法研究了几个典型Ti团簇的热力学稳定性和融化行为.Ti团簇的融化行为清楚地依赖于体系的结构和尺寸.对于较小的团簇,融化曲线没有出现清楚的一级相变特征,意味着由于尺寸效应导致的固态液态共存.对于较大尺寸的团簇,观察到其融化过程伴随着表面融化、局部融化、结构共存和相变行为.     

小金团簇的基态结构和能量

应用遗传算法和Gupta势对小金团簇的结构进行了优化计算，分析讨论了基态结构和能量随团簇尺寸的变化规律，发展Au13为二十面体以及Ann在n≥16时呈现非晶无序结构的特征。     

团簇及表面反应动力学研究

在许多能源相关的化学过程中,化学反应是在具有催化功能的界面或者团簇分子表面上发生的。要弄清团簇和催化表面的反应机理,在原子分子层次上研究团簇以及表面相关的化学反应过程是非常必要的。该研究目标是建立质谱与红外光解离光谱以及光电子能谱相结合的实验研究方法,通过对选质量金属及金属氧化物等团簇的气相反应动力学研究,获得团簇反应的尺寸效应、价态、几何和电子结构等对反应活性和机理的影响,阐明团簇反应的机理和规律;发展和利用表面光电子能谱和光电子显微镜技术,结合第一性理论计算方法和分子动力学模拟等理论方法,通过对金属氧化物表面的几何结构和电子结构以及表面团簇反应的研究,获得表面反应的机理和动力学。该研究选质量过渡金属氧化物团簇的光谱和结构研究。利用质谱、红外光解离光谱等实验方法获得选质量团簇的振动光谱等信息,结合理论计算,获得团簇的结构和成键特性。设计并建立基于质谱和红外光解离光谱联用技术的选质量团簇与小分子反应的实验装置。通过对不同大小的金属氧化物团簇的研究,获得团簇尺寸对其结构、稳定性和成键特性的影响等。在表面反应动力学实验研究方面,开展了氧化物/金属反转催化体系表面结构及反应的动态研究。     

Lun(n=2～36)团簇基态结构的遗传算法研究

利用遗传算法结合经验势研究了Lun(n=2～36)团簇的基态结构.分析了Lun(n=2～36)团簇的基态结构随尺寸的变化规律.计算结果表明,团簇的每个原子的平均结合能和总结合能随团簇尺寸的增大而增大.以总结合能的二阶差分为判据,Lun(n=2～36)团簇的幻数是4,7,13,19,23,26,29,32,34.     

W_n与W_nN(n=1～5)团簇的结构与稳定性

用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法结合6-311++G**和LANL2DZ赝势基组计算了Wn和WnN(n=1～5)团簇的稳定结构.讨论了纯Wn团簇和N原子掺杂到纯Wn团簇中后团簇构型的变化特点以及随着团簇尺寸的增加团簇结构及物理性质的变化规律.     

金属钨中氦团簇扩散与形核特性的分子动力学研究

本文应用分子动力学方法模拟研究了氦团簇在金属钨中的扩散特性,得到了不同大小团簇的扩散系数,结果表明氦团簇越大,扩散越慢.氦团簇越大越容易激发出自间隙钨原子,且大的氦团簇只需要很低的钨基体温度即可激发.在金属钨中加入125个氦原子（氦浓度低于0.1%）,研究了氦团簇的形核特性.通过比较氦团簇、自间隙团簇和空位团簇3种缺陷的尺寸分布发现,氦团簇的尺寸在800 K达到最大值,其它两种缺陷尺寸随温度的增加而逐渐增大.     

小尺寸Au-Ag合金团簇稳定结构的模拟研究

采用微正则分子动力学方法模拟了原子数N=80的7种Au-Ag合金团簇（按原子数比例不同），得到团簇势能随温度变化关系．结果表明，降温速度对团簇结构的势能影响很大，冷却速度较慢的情况下，形成的团簇势能较低，结构相对稳定．采用相同的降温速度模拟了N=144的7种Au-Ag合金团簇的这种稳定结构，得出各种原子数比例不同的合金团簇的稳定结构具有一定的相似性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.