关于生物高分子元素活性中心分布规律的第四统计力学理论标度的研究(Ⅰ)--抗癌中药的生命动力元素按原子序数分布的规律与群子参数间关系

首次采用第四统计力学群子理论对抗癌中药的生命动力元素的分布规律进行了系统的研究并获得了相应的群子参数,结果表明抗癌中药的生命动力元素按原子序数分布呈现出如下四种分布,即:轻度元素分布、较轻度元素分布、较重度元素分布和重度元素分布.另外还发现群子参数的比值R2/R1反映了中药抗癌性能的大小,可以作为界定同一类分布中药抗癌性能的参数.     

Mg-xSn合金的显微组织、热导率及力学性能研究

研究了在镁中加入不同含量的Sn之后合金的显微组织、热导率和力学性能的变化规律。实验表明,在镁中加入Sn的含量小于5 wt%时,晶粒得到细化,当Sn含量大于5 wt%时,晶粒会出现粗化现象;当Sn含量增多时,合金中的第二相Mg_2Sn相逐渐增加并在晶界处逐渐连成网状。随Sn含量升高,合金的热导率逐渐下降,由Sn含量1 wt%时的141.58 W/m·K下降到Sn含量9 wt%时的65.94W/m·K.合金的极限抗拉强度和伸长率均随Sn含量增加先提高后降低,且在Sn含量5 wt%时达到最大值,分别为150.23 MPa和8.7%.     

Cu和La对Al-12.6Si合金微观组织和性能的影响

研究了La加入量为0.3%时,铜质量分数(0.3%,0.8%,1.3%,1.8%和2.5%)对共晶铝硅合金(Al-12.6Si)微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当La的加入量为0.3%时,共晶硅由片状和针状变为点状和短棒状,达到了完全变质的状态.随着铜加入量的增加,合金中的Al2Cu相的数量增多、尺寸增加,合金的抗拉强度和硬度逐渐增大,延伸率有所下降;当Cu加入量为2.5%时,Al-12.6Si-2.5Cu-0.3La合金的抗拉强度为241.4MPa,延伸率为4.82%,硬度为83.9HV,与Al-12.6Si合金相比这些力学指标分别提高了58.1%,41.8%和30.9%,合金的力学性能...     

纳米添加剂对W-Ni-Cu合金性能的影响

研究了纳米添加剂对W Ni Cu合金性能的影响和作用机理;用扫描电镜和金相显微分析技术研究了合金的形貌与结构;测量了合金试样的物理力学性能.研究结果表明:加入纳米添加剂可降低烧结温度;选用的纳米添加剂对钨晶粒的长大起了抑制作用,细化了W Ni Cu合金的晶粒;适量的纳米添加剂大部分分布于Ni Cu粘结相中.在该实验条件下,在1430℃烧结得到了全致密的W Ni Cu合金.     

Si对快速凝固/粉末冶金(RS/PM) AZ91镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用快速凝固/粉末冶金(RS/PM)法制备了Si增强的AZ91镁合金.研究了不同Si含量对AZ91镁合金的微观组织、室温和高温力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Si含量的增加,合金中原位生成的Mg2Si颗粒逐渐长大.Si的加入显著提高了合金的室温和高温力学性能.室温下,当Si含量≤3%时,合金的抗拉强度随着Si含量的增加而提高,当Si含量增加至5%时,合金的抗拉强度大幅度降低.其中RS/PM(AZ91+3%Si)合金表现出最优异的室温力学性能:bσ高达472.36 MPa,σ0.2和δ分别达到329.76 MPa和4.70%.合金的高温抗拉强度(473 K)随着Si含量的增加而提高.     

Si和Sb对AZ31合金铸态显微组织和力学性能的影响

运用光学金相（0M）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结合电子拉伸实验研究了0～1．5wt％Si和0—1．5wt％Sb对AZ31合金的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：Si能够细化AZ31合金组织,但生成的Mg2Si相极易呈现汉字状形貌,降低合金的力学性能11而Sb的加入,可以改善Mg2Si的形貌,同时细化合金显微组织,有助于合金室温力学性能的提高。当AZ31合金加入0．5wt％Si和1．0wt％Sb后,力学性能达到最佳,在保证合金延伸率不变的情况下,抗拉强度达到185MPa,比AZ31合金提高了23．5％．     

Al-2Ti变质处理对Zn-6Al-3Mg合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、万能电子试验机和HVS-5Z/LCD维氏硬度计观察与测试变质处理Zn-6Al-3Mg合金的凝固组织与力学性能,研究Al-2Ti变质剂加入量和变质温度对合金组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:当变质温度为500℃,Al-2Ti变质剂加入量为0.5%(质量分数)时,Zn-6Al-3Mg合金组织中初晶Al-fcc相呈细小颗粒状,其体积分数最小,初晶MgZn_2相消失,Zn/Al二元和Zn/Al/MgZn_2三元共晶体的体积分数最多;当变质剂加入量为0.5%,变质温度为500℃时,Zn-6Al-3Mg合金的抗拉强度和伸长率最高,合金的综合力学性能最好。     

关于生物高分子元素活性中心分布规律的第四统计力学理论标度的研究(Ⅰ)--抗癌中药的生命动力元素按原子序数分布的规律与群子参数间关系

首次采用第四统计力学群子理论对抗癌中药的生命动力元素的分布规律进行了系统的研究并获得了相应的群子参数 ,结果表明抗癌中药的生命动力元素按原子序数分布呈现出如下四种分布 ,即 :轻度元素分布、较轻度元素分布、较重度元素分布和重度元素分布。另外还发现群子参数的比值R2 /R1反映了中药抗癌性能的大小 ,可以作为界定同一类分布中药抗癌性能的参数。     

掺钴系添加剂储氢合金的电化学特性

电池组装成组使用时,耐过放能力成为制约电池组性能的重要因素.通过在储氢合金中掺适量的钴系添加剂,可显著提高电池的耐过放能力、合金粉的循环寿命及电极容量.在电极中加入Co、CoO、Co(OH)2后的放电过程中发生了Co原子被氧化成Co(OH)2的反应,使合金粉容量放完后,负极的电位可以维持在-772mV(vsHg/HgO).Co和Co(OH)2的加入,在放电过程中生成Co氧化物包覆于合金表面,增加了电极表面的双电层电容,提高了合金的电催化活性和放电容量.CoO不能增大合金容量,但是可以提高电极的过放电能力及循环寿命.使用钴系添加剂后,储氢合金的0.2C放电容量可从54.9mA·h提高到61.5mA·h.     

稀土元素Ce对Ti-Ni形状记忆合金力学性能的影响

采用拉伸试验研究了稀土元素Ce对Ti—Ni合金力学性能的影响,通过扫描电镜对Ti—Ni—Ce合金的断口形貌进行观察。实验结果表明,添加稀土元素Ce使Ti—Ni合金的应力-应变行为有显著影响。在马氏体状态拉伸时,当x（Ce）低于0．5％时,合金的应力-应变曲线出现明显的屈服平台;而当％（Ce）超过1％时,合金的应力-应变曲线上无明显的屈服平台,以连续屈服和强烈的加工硬化为特征。随Ce加入量增加,合金的延伸率降低、脆性增大,断裂类型由微孔聚集型的韧性断裂逐渐转变为沿晶脆性断裂。因此,Ce的加入量不能超过1％,否则将损害Ti—Ni合金的使用性能。     

Effects of icosahedral phase formation on the microstructure and mechanical improvement of Mg alloys: A review

Icosahedral phase (I-phase) is a relatively excellent strengthening phase in Mg alloys. Depending on their volume fraction, the yield strength of Mg–Zn–Y–Zr alloys can vary from 150 to 450 MPa at room temperature. Recently, the formation of I-phase has been considered as one of the most effective methods for developing high strength lightweight Mg alloys for automotive and aerospace applications. In this review article, a series of research work about I-phase containing Mg alloys have been systematically investigated including I-phase formation mechanism and their effects on mechanical properties of Mg alloys. Particular emphases have been given to: (1) Structure of I-phase and its orientation relationship with the a-Mg matrix. (2) Influence of alloying elements and solidification conditions on I-phase formation. (3) Effects of I-phase on microstructural evolution and mechanical improvement of Mg–Zn–Y–(Zr) alloys. Moreover, the applications of I-phase for the mechanical improvement of other Mg alloys such as AZ91 and super-lightweight Mg–Li alloys are also reviewed.     

非线性群子统计理论考察高分子合金的相分离现象

从统计热力学的角度出发,应用非线性群子统计理论,对高分子合金体系平衡态相分离行为进行了理论研究,建立了二元高分子合金体系的非线性群子统计模型,推导出该体系的相分离方程。在理论和实践的基础上对二元高分子合金体系的相图进行了系统分类,并模拟了若干文献中的相图,得到了与实际曲线相当吻合的理论模拟曲线。     

RAgSb2金属间化合物的第一性原理研究

本文从理论计算的角度研究RAgSb_2(R=La-Sm,Gd-Er)合金的部分物理性质,为解释这些化合物的奇特物理性质提供理论依据。采用第一性原理计算方法研究RAgSb_2化合物的结构、机械性能、声子以及热力学性质。根据Birch-Murnagha方程拟合结果,发现LaAgSb_2无磁性,其余合金均表现磁有序,其中除了CeAgSb_2和GdAgSb_2外,其余的RAgSb_2合金的反铁磁态能量低于铁磁态。这些化合物的结合能计算数值均为负值,说明它们具有稳定的结构。而弹性模量的计算结果表明这些化合物具有稳定的机械性能。根据泊松比和B/G值,可以证实GdAgSb_2合金和TbAgSb_2合金具有韧性,而其余的合金表现为脆性。声子谱的计算结果显示这些合金具有稳定的热力学性质,其热容CV随着温度的升高,在低温下急剧增加并与T~3成正比,在较高温度下缓慢增加并趋向于Dulong-Petit极限,高温下的热容接近47.5cal·cell~(-1)·K~(-1)。     

Solidification,microstructure, and mechanical properties of the as-cast ZRE1 magnesium alloy with different praseodymium contents

The influence of praseodymium(Pr) content on the solidification characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of ZRE1 magnesium(Mg) cast alloy was investigated. The obtained solidification parameters showed that Pr strongly affected the solidification time, leading to refinement of the microstructure of the alloys. When the freezing time was reduced to approximately 52 s, the grain size decreased by 12%. Mg_(12)Zn(Ce,Pr) was formed as a new phase upon the addition of Pr and was detected via X-ray diffraction analysis. The addition of Pr led to a substantial improvement in mechanical properties, which was attributed to the formation of intermetallic compounds; the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength increased by approximately 10% and 13%, respectively. Pr addition also refined the microstructure, and the hardness was recovered. The results herein demonstrate that the mechanical properties of Mg alloys are strongly influenced by their microstructure characteristics, including the grain size, volume fraction, and distribution of intermetallic phases.     

Solidification,microstructure, and mechanical properties of the as-cast ZRE1 magnesium alloy with different praseodymium contents

The influence of praseodymium (Pr) content on the solidification characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of ZRE1 magnesium (Mg) cast alloy was investigated. The obtained solidification parameters showed that Pr strongly affected the solidification time, leading to refinement of the microstructure of the alloys. When the freezing time was reduced to approximately 52 s, the grain size decreased by 12%. Mg₁₂Zn (Ce,Pr) was formed as a new phase upon the addition of Pr and was detected via X-ray diffraction analysis. The addition of Pr led to a substantial improvement in mechanical properties, which was attributed to the formation of intermetallic compounds; the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength increased by approximately 10% and 13%, respectively. Pr addition also refined the microstructure, and the hardness was recovered. The results herein demonstrate that the mechanical properties of Mg alloys are strongly influenced by their microstructure characteristics, including the grain size, volume fraction, and distribution of intermetallic phases.     

三螺杆挤出共混聚酰胺66/聚苯醚的工艺参数优化分析

基于具有高黏度比的聚酰胺66/聚苯醚共混体系，研究了倒三角排列的三螺杆挤出机（TTSE）的工艺参数对共混物混合效果的影响。通过Box-Behnken响应面设计并分析实验结果，发现螺杆转速、产量和分散相占比对共混效果均有一定影响，通过工艺优化能够获得良好的分散效果；通过对比相同工艺下三、双螺杆挤（TSE）出机的共混效果，证明了拉伸流场对于共混效果和材料性能有明显的改善。     

Effect of long-period stacking ordered phase on microstructure, mechanical property and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys: A review

Magnesium alloys containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase have been received a great deal of attention in the last decade owing to their excellent comprehensive properties of mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. In this paper, some fundamental aspects of LPSO containing Mg alloys have been reviewed, including: (1) microstructural characterization, formation conditions and the associated phase transformation of LPSO phases in Mg alloys; (2) deformation mechanism of LPSO phases and their influence on the deformation mechanism of the Mg matrix; (3) effect of LPSO structure on the mechanical performance such as tensile strength, creep resistance, fracture toughness and fatigue strength; (4) corrosion behavior of LPSO containing Mg alloys and their possible applications as the biomaterials. Moreover, some remaining unsolved issues of the LPSO containing Mg alloys and the future target about how to further improve their service properties have been also described.     

锌基合金与钢复合的界面特性

采用固液相复合方法获得钢／锌基合金双金属型复合材料,对复合材料界面的组织结构,力学性能,断口特征等方面做了分析,并初步探讨了不同制备工艺过程,工惨数对复合界面微观组织,。结构及力学性能的影响。     

增材制造医用多孔钛合金研究与应用现状

钛合金具有良好的力学性能和生物相容性,被认为是一种理想的植入体材料。但致密钛合金的弹性模量较高,在植入人体后与骨之间存在应力遮挡现象,易引发植入体松动。采用增材制造技术制备的多孔钛合金能够很好地解决这一问题。从多孔结构的设计方法与增材制造的原理入手,综述了增材制造多孔钛合金在力学性能方面的研究现状以及在生物医疗领域的研究与应用进展,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望,指出今后可在以下4方面对医用多孔钛合金展开深入研究：1）研发更先进的成型设备以提高多孔钛合金的成型质量与成型效率;2）对多孔结构进行仿生化设计,将高力学性能与高生物性能有机结合;3）通过对Gibson-Ashby模型进行修正,可获得更为准确的力学性能预测结果;4）开发新型钛合金材料以提高多孔钛合金的生物相容性。     

面向定制化需求的冷轧产品多目标质量控制方法

To deal with the increasing demand for low-volume customization of the mechanical properties of cold-rolled products, a two-way control method based on mechanical property prediction and process parameter optimization (PPO) has become an effective solution. Aiming at the multi-objective quality control problem of a company’s cold-rolled products, based on industrial production data, we proposed a process parameter design and optimization method that combined multi-objective quality prediction and PPO. This method used the multi-output support vector regression (MSVR) method to simultaneously predict multiple quality indices. The MSVR prediction model was used as the effect verification model of the PPO results. It performed multi-process parameter collaborative design and realized the optimization of production process parameters for customized multi-objective quality requirements. The experimental results showed that, compared with the traditional single-objective quality prediction model based on support vector regression (SVR), the multi-objective prediction model could better take into account the coupling effect between process parameters and quality index, the MSVR model prediction accuracy was higher than that of the SVR, and the optimized process parameters were more capable and reflected the influence of metallurgical mechanism on the quality index, which were more in line with actual production process requirements.