川中侏罗系致密油储层可动流体实验

为了分析四川盆地川中侏罗系致密油储层的流体可动用性,从常规储层研究思路入手,应用核磁共振技术对致密油储层岩样进行可动流体测试.实验结果表明:致密油储层岩样进行离心实验时的最佳离心力为2.87 MPa;致密砂岩和致密灰岩岩样的可动流体T2截止值分别平均为4.25 ms和11.54 ms,可动流体饱和度分别平均为51.92%和15.24%;可动流体饱和度与孔隙度、渗透率的相关性均很好,达到了0.90以上;致密油储层可动流体主要分布在喉道半径介于0.1~0.5μm的喉道控制的小孔隙中.研究结论表明:致密油储层的可动流体含量很低且主要分布在小孔隙中,其流体可动用性很差,开发难度很大.     

核磁共振研究致密砂岩孔隙结构的方法及应用

基于核磁共振的原理,推导T_2弛豫时间与孔隙半径的关系,由孔喉比将孔隙半径转换为喉道半径,结合压汞喉道半径分布,利用插值和最小二乘法,将岩心100%饱和水的核磁共振T_2谱转换为孔喉半径分布,并将核磁孔喉分布曲线应用到油田开发评价中。以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密储层为例,结合岩心驱替试验,利用转化的核磁孔喉分布对研究区块储层的孔隙结构、可动流体和可动油分布以及可动流体喉道半径下限进行研究。结果表明:研究区块孔隙结构复杂,发育微米级和纳米-亚微米级孔喉,孔喉半径均值在0.095~1.263μm,0.001~0.01μm的孔喉内束缚流体分布较多,可动流体主要分布在喉道半径大于0.01μm的孔隙内,水驱主要动用喉道半径大于0.1μm的孔隙内的油,研究区可动流体喉道半径截止值平均为0.013μm。     

特低渗透砂砾岩储层核磁共振可动流体参数分析

 利用核磁共振技术,对乌里雅斯太油田腾格尔III油层组（TIII）及阿尔善油层组37块低渗透砂砾岩储层岩样进行可动流体测试,测试结果与常规砂岩储层进行对比,分析可动流体百分数与渗透率和驱油效率的关系。研究结果表明,特低渗透砂砾岩储层可动流体含量较低,非均质性强;特低渗透砂砾岩储层的核磁共振特点与常规特低渗透砂岩储层有所不同,表现为特低渗透砂砾岩储层核磁共振T2谱单峰结构增多,T2截止值增大;可动流体百分数与渗透率有一定的相关性,且渗透率越大,相关性越好;对于不同油层组,可动流体平均含量随渗透率增大而增加;可动流体百分数越大,驱油效率越高;可动流体含量低是特低渗透砂砾岩储层开发效果不好的主要因素,可用可动流体百分数预测储层的开发效果。     

致密砂岩储层可动流体赋存特征及影响因素

应用核磁共振、恒速压汞、铸体薄片等实验手段,分析辽河西部凹陷南段沙三段致密砂岩储层可动流体赋存特征及影响因素。结果表明:可动流体T2谱截止值低,孔隙内可动流体饱和度与可动流体孔隙度低且数值波动大;T2谱形态主要呈单峰型、左峰高右峰低型和左峰低右峰高型;T2弛豫时间受孔喉结构控制,喉道特征决定流体的可动程度,孔喉半径比、分选系数和微观均质系数反映孔隙结构非均质程度与流体参数线性相关性较强,T2谱分布特征与孔隙组合类型和孔喉结构特征有关;胶结物类型、产状与含量对可动流体影响较大。微观孔隙结构特征是可动流体赋存特征的主要影响因素,胶结物次之,物性对可动流体的影响是两者的综合反映。     

特低渗油藏水驱剩余可动油分布特征实验研究

为了深入研究特低渗油藏水驱剩余可动油特征,结合核磁共振、常规压汞、油驱水和水驱油等实验技术对特低渗储层岩心进行了剩余可动油实验。结果表明,其T2截止值平均为34 ms,剩余油饱和度平均61.0%,可动油饱和度平均为61.72%,驱油效率平均为38.82%,剩余可动油平均为22.9%,剩余可动油较多。结合压汞实验结果,利用多元回归的方法建立了核磁共振T2谱与压汞孔隙分布的转换关系,分析了剩余可动油的微观分布特征。分析结果表明,剩余可动油主要分布在2.2~10.0μm的大孔隙中,剩余油中还有37.54%可以采出,特低渗透油藏水驱后还有较大的挖掘潜力。     

低渗火山岩气藏可动流体百分数及其影响因素

针对火山岩储层成岩机制与常规沉积储层差异大、岩性种类繁多、储层孔隙结构复杂等特点,综合使用离心
实验、核磁共振、恒速压汞及CT 成像等实验技术,对大庆徐深、吉林长岭和新疆滴西3 个火山岩气田可动流体百分数
及其影响因素进行了对比研究。实验结果表明,气水离心标定低渗致密火山岩气藏可动流体百分数使用的离心力应
为2.76 MPa,不同渗透率级别火山岩储层可动流体微观分布规律具有明显差异,渗透率越大,较大喉道控制的可动流
体比例越大,气藏开发难度越小,渗透率越小,较大喉道控制可动流体比例越小,0.100 mD 是可动流体微观分布规律
发生明显变化的临界渗透率。108 块岩芯可动流体百分数平均值为23.62%,长岭气田可动流体百分数最大,滴西气田
可动流体百分数最小。CT 成像与恒速压汞实验结果表明,孔喉大小及其匹配关系和裂缝发育程度是影响火山岩储层
可动流体百分数大小的主要因素。     

中东碳酸盐岩核磁共振实验研究

为更好地指导中国中东项目的顺利进行,利用核磁共振岩心分析技术对中东HF碳酸盐岩油田可动流体百分数和可动流体孔隙度进行了全面分析。对比了中东和国内大型油田的可动流体孔隙度特征。研究表明:不同渗透率碳酸盐岩T2截止值不尽相同,并且与部分石油公司推荐的90 ms有较大的差别。可动流体百分数和可动流体孔隙度与孔渗具有较好的正相关关系,其中可动流体孔隙度比可动流体百分数更能体现中东碳酸盐岩含量特征。通过对比,国内油田稍逊色于中东碳酸盐岩油田。通过CT以及恒速压汞岩心实验详细分析了可动流动含量特征的根本影响因素。     

致密砂岩气藏孔隙结构对物性及可动流体赋存特征的影响——以苏里格气田东部和东南部盒_8段储层为例

利用恒速压汞及核磁共振实验研究致密砂岩储层微观孔隙结构对宏观物性及可动流体赋存特征的影响。研究结果表明:喉道非均质性是引起致密砂岩储层微观非均质性的主要原因。喉道半径、分布形态、有效孔隙和喉道数和体积等影响气藏的渗流能力,孔喉半径比大、分布范围窄是造成致密砂岩储层物性及可动流体含量低的主要原因之一。可动流体饱和度与所处空间位置无关,只与孔隙和喉道半径有关,喉道的类型差异及喉道半径的分布特征是影响可动流体饱和度的主要因素。     

致密油储层可动油分布特征及其影响因素

中国致密油资源丰富,但物性较差,而可动油饱和度一定程度上表征储层开发难易程度及开发潜力的大小。为了定量分析致密油储层可动油分布特征及其影响因素,以核磁共振可动油实验为基础,结合高压压汞和恒速压汞实验对致密油储层23块岩心进行研究。研究表明:3个层位致密储层可动油主要由亚微米喉道(0.1~1μm)和纳米喉道(0.1μm)控制,而微米喉道(1μm)控制的可动油含量很少。可动油饱和度随着渗透率的增大而增加,且随着渗透率的增大,亚微米和纳米喉道控制可动油的含量增大较高。对于致密油储层,渗透率越大,最大喉道半径越大,分选性越差,粗歪度,储层可动油饱和度越高;而孔喉半径比越大,可动油饱和度就越低。孔隙、喉道发育特征是影响可动油的主要因素。     

鄂尔多斯盆地长7段致密储层微观特征研究

针对鄂尔多斯盆地致密油储层特征复杂,缺乏系统研究的问题,通过大量岩芯观察,分析化验数据统计,同时采用恒速压汞实验、场发射及CT扫描等高分辨率测试手段和方法,对长7致密油储集层形成和特征进行了研究,认为延长组长7段致密油储集体由牵引流和重力流沉积的致密砂岩形成,具有粒度细,储层厚度大,脆性指数高,储层物性差等特征。孔隙类型以粒间孔和长石溶孔为主,可见孔隙含量低,主要发育微米-纳米级孔隙,喉道以片状和管状为主,受黏土矿物和有机质充填,有效孔隙体积小,但微裂缝发育,连通性好,储层含油层物性下限低,可动流体饱和度高。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.