塔里木盆地塔中地区岩石力学参数模型建立及其应用

通过对塔里木盆地塔中地区鹰山组地层的岩心进行室内岩石力学试验,获得了该地区岩石的杨氏模量、泊松比、内聚力、内摩察角等静态岩石力学参数和动态岩石力学参数。对试验结果进行了分析研究,得到了岩石纵横波时差关系拟合模型、岩石力学参数拟合模型及动静态参数关系模型。根据回归分析建立的岩石力学参数模型,结合测井资料得到的岩石力学参数剖面,为预测区块地应力、地层孔隙压力、合理钻井液密度确定等提供准确的岩石力学参数,为钻探提供合理的工程参数。     

川西须二段岩石力学及动静参数转换模型研究

岩石力学参数是制定钻井、完井及油气藏开发方案的重要依据。选取川西须二段地层95块岩心,利用"MTS岩石物理测试系统"在模拟实际地层条件下测试岩心的岩石力学特征。研究表明岩石力学参数(抗张强度、抗压强度、弹性模量、内聚力、内摩擦角等)与各基础参数(密度、声波等)之间的相关性较好,实际应用中可根据资料选用相应统计关系式进行岩石力学参数的预测和计算。结合测井资料表明,动态弹性参数普遍大于静态弹性参数,且关系密切,动静态杨氏模量之间具有较好的线性关系,动静态泊松比之间的关系则非常复杂,其余弹性参数可利用它们之间的相互关系转换得到。通过对国内外的动静弹性参数转换模型调研,结合岩心刻度测井建立了适合川西须二段地层的岩石动静态弹性参数转换模型,为设计合理的钻探开发方案提供了一定的理论基础。     

基于COMSOL的砾岩地层电阻率与含油饱和度关系研究

针对砾岩储层岩性复杂、电阻率测井响应受岩石骨架和孔隙结构影响严重的问题,通过建立岩石亲油和岩石亲水2种砾岩地层模型,研究基于COMSOL有限元计算软件的恒定电场中砾岩地层电阻率的三维数值计算方法及复杂砾岩地层模型网格剖分方法,分析各向异性砾岩地层中的电流分布,揭示了砾岩地层电阻率与含油饱和度的关系,给出了由电阻增大系数和含油饱和度数值拟合后确定各向异性砾岩地层岩性参数的方法,为砾岩油藏的评价和解释提供依据,扩展对各向异性的认识。     

基于岩屑分形理论的岩石力学参数实时评价方法

现有的岩石力学参数获取方法依赖于钻井取心和测井资料,具有较大的时效限制。将分形几何理论应用于岩石力学参数实时预测的研究中。首先,利用完钻井深层岩心开展力学测试,建立岩石力学参数与多项测井物理量多元统计学模型。然后,开展上返岩屑颗粒的分形维数测试,并依据测井岩石力学模型计算出岩屑原位地层的岩石力学参数,将这些力学参数与岩屑分形维数建立统计学关系式。以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷Ma123井为例,通过测试上返岩屑的分形维数,进而实时计算出岩石的力学参数。完钻测井后基于测井反演模型绘制出该井岩石力学参数剖面。两种方法对比认为,基于岩屑分形维数计算的岩石力学参数具有较高的精度(误差小于10.9%)。同时,通过实践总结出一套基于录井岩屑分形理论的岩石力学参数的实时预测方法。该研究成果拓展了分形岩石力学的应用领域,为岩石力学参数的实时预测提供了新思路。     

塔里木盆地井壁稳定性测井评价初探

针对塔里木盆地部分地区井壁不稳定问题,开展井壁稳定性测井评价研究,主要从岩石力学的角度出发,利用测井信息计算地层岩石机械特性参数、地层孔隙压力、地应力分布、破裂压力等     

岩屑声波法地层压力监测技术研究与应用

提出了通过岩屑提取地层信息、为钻井井壁稳定性计算提供必要参数的方法,即通过测量地面岩屑的声波时差,反演得到地层岩石的声波时差,利用岩石的声学性质与力学参数的关系得到地层岩石的力学参数,结合地应力参数,得到井壁周围岩石的应力分布,计算地层的孔隙压力、坍塌压力和破裂压力.对于预探井,在没有测井资料的情况下,利用该方法可以有效地进行地层压力监测.在两口预探井中进行了随钻监测地层压力的现场试验,证明该方法是有效的.虽然该方法在声波测量过程中还有一定的局限性,对最终计算结果的精确度会产生一定影响,但与单纯的地震资料相比,其精确度已大大提高.     

岩屑声波法地层压力监测技术研究与应用

提出了通过岩屑提取地层信息、为钻井井壁稳定性计算提供必要参数的方法，即通过测量地面岩屑的声波时差，反演得到地层岩石的声波时差，利用岩石的声学性质与力学参数的关系得到地层岩石的力学参数，结合地应力参数，得到井壁周围岩石的应力分布，计算地层的孔隙压力、坍塌压力和破裂压力。对于预探井，在没有测井资料的情况下，利用该方法可以有效地进行地层压力监测。在两口预探井中进行了随钻监测地层压力的现场试验，证明该方法是有效的。虽然该方法在声波测量过程中还有一定的局限性，对最终计算结果的精确度会产生一定影响，但与单纯的地震资料相比，其精确度已大大提高。     

利用测井资料进行孔隙压力预测和井壁稳定性分析

本文利用测井资料,采用等效深度法求得了加蓬区块3口井的地层孔隙压力, 利用常规测井资料计算岩石力学特征参数、进行地应力分析,在此基础上计算井壁破裂压力、坍塌压力,进行井眼稳定性评价,得到了该工区地层的钻井液密度安全窗口.从力学角度出发,计算地层孔隙压力、进行井眼稳定性评价,可以为钻井工程设计钻井液密度提供重要参考依据,具有较大的实用价值.     

塔里木盆地克深前陆冲断带储层岩石力学参数研究

综合采用岩石单轴压缩试验、三轴压缩试验及测井资料计算,对塔里木盆地克深前陆冲断带单井的岩石力学参数进行分析,通过单轴-三轴校正及动态-静态校正,确定静态岩石力学参数的单井剖面,利用高斯插值对岩石力学参数空间分布特征进行研究,并分析岩石力学参数与地层深度的关系。结果表明:岩石力学参数的空间分布主要与岩相有关,并在一定程度上反映了储层物性特征,弹性模量、内聚力和抗压强度大而泊松比小的区域储层物性相对更好;随着地层深度的增加,弹性模量、内聚力和抗压强度逐渐增加而泊松比逐渐下降;利用岩石力学参数与地层深度的关系以及断层带岩石力学参数的经验比例,可以对不同地质单元的岩石力学参数进行取值,为后续的地应力场及储层裂缝数值模拟奠定基础。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘长8储层岩石力学特征及影响因素

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘中生界长8是进行油气开发的重点层位,针对长8储层砂泥岩交互,低孔低渗的特点,对其岩心样品开展了模拟地层下的岩石力学实验研究。实验研究表明：三轴条件下,岩心样品均随着围压的增大,破坏强度变大,即弹性极限显著增加;随着围压的增大,岩石的抗压强度显著增加;随着围压的增大,岩石的变形显著增大。利用测井资料,计算出了动态岩石力学参数并结合实验结果进行了动静态参数拟合,结果表明在进行GR加权的情况下拟合情况较好,因此构建了较可靠的岩石力学参数剖面。在岩石力学参数剖面的基础上,对岩石力学参数空间分布的影响因素进行分析,表明影响泊松比、杨氏模量和抗压强度空间分布的主要因素为岩性、泥质含量和深度。研究成果对鄂南地区长8储层的压裂优化设计提供了重要的依据。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.