Graphene-manganese oxide hybrid porous material and its application in carbon dioxide adsorption

Graphene-Mn3O4 (GMNO) hybrid porous material is prepared by a hydrothermal method and its performance in carbon dioxide adsorption is investigated.In the synthesis of the GMNO materials,MnO(OH)2 colloid obtained by the hydrolysis of Mn 2+ in basic solution was using as the precursor of the Mn3O4.After a hydrothermal reaction of the mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and MnO(OH)2,GO was reduced into graphene and the MnO(OH)2 was transformed into Mn3O4 with enhanced crystallization.X-ray diffraction,thermal gravimetric analysis,transmission electron microscopy,infrared spectra and Raman spectroscopy were taken to characterize the hybrid material.The porosity and the carbon dioxide adsorption ability are measured by gas sorption analysis,in which the as-prepared GMNO hybrid materials exhibit a specific surface area ranging from 140 to 680 m2g-1 and a maximum carbon dioxide capacity of about 11 wt%.     

氧化石墨烯/PMMA复合材料的制备与表征

以石墨粉为原料,根据改进的Hummers氧化法制得氧化石墨烯,利用氧化石墨烯表面富集的羧基与乙二醇和酰氯化的4,4′-偶氮(4-氰基戊酸)的反应,进一步得到氧化石墨烯表面负载的4,4′-偶氮(4-氰基戊酸),以此为引发剂,通过自由基聚合制备了氧化石墨烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(oxidized graphene-g-PMMA)杂化材料.采用红外(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征,并研究了频率依赖下的样品的电学性能.结果表明,PMMA已在氧化石墨烯表面接枝,石墨烯-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯杂化材料的导电率及介电常数较氧化石墨烯分别降低了0.098S.cm-1和34 000.     

Graphene-based hybrid materials and their applications in energy storage and conversion

Graphene attracts more and more scientists and researchers owing to its superior electronic,thermal,and mechanical properties.For material scientists,graphene is a kind of versatile building blocks,and considerable progress has been made in recent years.Graphene-based hybrid materials have been prepared by incorporating inorganic species and/or cross-linking of organic species through covalent and/or noncovalent interactions.The graphene-based hybrid materials show improved or excellent performance in various fields.In this review,we summarize the synthesis of graphene and graphene-based hybrid materials,and their applications in energy storage and conversion.     

Recent advances in graphene based photoresponsive materials

Recent scientific interests reveal that graphene, with its flexibility, chemical stability, thermal conductivity,unique electronic band structure and optical transmittance, has emerged as the novel supporting material for nanocomposites for various applications. Research interests have flourished regarding decoration of conventional materials with modified graphene for achieving better optical properties. More concern is given for achieving improved photoresponse with graphene as the supporting material. The giant electron mobility and transparency of graphene enables the photo-induced electron transfer in the hybrid material, resulting in enhanced behaviour. Graphene oxide is able to effectively convert near infrared energy into heat, potentially acting as a photo-thermal switch. They act as potential candidates for photo-catalysts, sensors, photo-current switching,photo-detectors and other optical applications. In this review, we summarized the recent developments on fabrication and properties of graphene based photoresponsive materials.     

以AAO模板为基底可控合成一维碳纳米材料

将不负载任何活性组分的阳极氧化铝模板分别放入两段炉中,700℃下催化裂解乙炔可控合成一维碳纳米材料,反应气氛分别为氩气和氢气;产物通过扫描电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜进行了表征.结果表明:当反应气氛为氩气时,第一段炉中模板表面为相互缠绕的蠕虫状的碳纳米管,其直径在100nm左右,模板孔内为开口的碳纳米管,其直径约为50nm左右;第二段炉中模板表面沉积了密集的碳纳米棒,其形貌规整,棒体很直,散落在模板表面,粗的直径约200nm,细的约100nm,长度短的不到1μm,长的约2.5μm;当反应气氛为氢气时,模板表面沉积了规整的直立碳纳米棒,其长度长的约1μm,短的约为100nm,粒径约为50nm.所合成的碳纳米棒为实心的断断续续的石墨片层组成的波纹状结构.     

氧化石墨烯制备及其结构表征

本文以不同类型的石墨为原料,采用密闭氧化法制备了氧化石墨,并通过超声剥离得到氧化石墨烯,利用氨肼还原法将氧化石墨烯还原得到石墨烯。讨论了不同类型石墨原料对所制备氧化石墨烯微观形貌的影响,并且利用高分辨率扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对所制备的氧化石墨烯和石墨烯进行了结构表征,结果表明,在以不同类型石墨为原料所制备的氧化石墨烯中,50目天然鳞片制备的氧化石墨烯的微观形貌最好,呈波浪褶皱状。     

石墨烯在光电器件中的应用

 讨论了近年来石墨烯在太阳能电池、有机发光二极管以及场致发射器件方面的应用研究。石墨烯是碳的同素异形体的一种,是二维的薄膜材料,具有独特的导电特性及机械弯曲性能,可以作为太阳能电池、有机发光器件的柔性电极;石墨烯与有机聚合物材料复合可以形成大的给体受体界面,有利于太阳能电池中激子的扩散速率、载流子迁移率的提高,可以作为有机太阳能电池的电子受体材料;石墨烯具有一维尖锐的刀口状边缘,具有大的电场增强系数,同时由于石墨烯自身的良好导电能力,可以作为场致发射器件中的电子传导与电场发射材料。石墨烯在光电器件中应用的深入研究有望突破目前光电技术的发展瓶颈,是一个极具前景的新研究领域。     

FeCo-based hybrid MOF derived active species for effective oxygen evolution

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have been regarded as promising catalyst materials due to the richness of coordinately unsaturated metal sites on the surface,which can act as catalytic active centres.In this study,a hybrid MOF material composed of Fe-based MOF and Co-based MOF was prepared with the involvement of graphene oxide nanosheets as additive.It was demonstrated that the hybrid MOF materials showed much higher electro-catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution than the single-phase counterparts.To drive current density of 10 mA cm~(-2),the hybrid CoFe-based MOF only needed an over potential of 290 mV in 1 M KOH.The catalytic activity could sustain for a longer time with only slight current density decrease.During oxygen evolution operation,the MOF catalyst evolved into catalytic active species but kept well the microscale sheet-like structure.It is thus believed that this study will provide an avenue for the development of advanced electrocatalysts.     

石墨烯-碳量子点复合材料的电化学性能研究

采用Hummers法和水热法,制备石墨烯和碳量子点溶液作为前驱体,然后通过一步煅烧法制得石墨烯-碳量子点复合材料。借助SEM、UV-Vis、FTIR等手段,对样品的形貌和结构进行表征;利用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)及恒流充放电循环测试等,重点考察了样品的电化学性能。结果表明,在石墨烯表面负载碳量子点可增加材料的比表面积并改善其机械性能,由于活性位点的增加,所制石墨烯-碳量子点复合电极具有较好的可逆性及电化学活性;在检测不同浓度双氧水时,复合电极的灵敏度为纯石墨烯电极的1.4倍左右;石墨烯-碳量子点复合材料作为锂离子电池负极使用时,与纯石墨烯材料相比具有更好的循环稳定性,且容量保持率提高了1.67倍。     

Go/GF/PTFE 高铁桥梁球形支座平面滑板制备及摩擦学性能研究

通过往PTFE中加入经过一定处理的石墨烯和碳纤维,经过称量材料、球磨混料、冷压成型、烧结固化等步骤制备出平面滑板试样。利用MMG 10型气氛保护摩擦磨损试验机对平面滑板试样的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,利用扫描电镜观察平面滑板试样摩擦面的微观形貌,探讨了石墨烯与碳纤维的润滑机理。结果表明石墨烯的加入能减小平面滑板试样的摩擦系数,碳纤维的加入能明显提高平面滑板的耐磨耗性能。含有质量分数2%的石墨烯和30%的碳纤维的平面滑板试样的摩擦磨损性能最好。     

碳浆油墨的制备及少量石墨烯对碳浆油墨性能的影响

以炭黑和环氧树脂分别为导电功能单元和连接剂,通过正交设计优化配方制备了碳浆油墨;并控制石墨烯和炭黑的配比制备了含少量石墨烯(占导电功能单元重量≤10wt%)的碳浆油墨。研究了石墨烯加入对碳浆油墨性能和结构的影响。研究表明,随着石墨烯的加入,油墨干膜电导率增加,石墨烯加入量约为5wt%达到最大,之后导电性下降。以未处理的PET为基材制备导电油墨薄膜,导电油墨干膜的状态和油墨干膜断口形貌分析证实石墨烯的加入使油墨干膜的力学性能明显提高,含石墨烯的碳浆油墨更具良好的粘接性和韧性。     

化学法制备石墨烯对环氧树脂导电性能的影响

通过化学氧化热解膨胀还原法制备了石墨烯,并对石墨烯的化学结构及微观形貌进行表征.将自制的石墨烯以及商业级的碳纳米管、富勒烯、石墨分别作为纳米导电填料加入到环氧树脂中,考察不同碳纳米材料对环氧树脂导电性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的石墨烯是不同于氧化石墨烯和热解膨胀石墨薄层的单层或少数层的二维材料;当石墨烯体积分数为0.25%时,复合材料的电导率发生渗流突变,而当体积分数增大到0.50%时,其电导率为2.02×10-7 S·m-1,导电性能得到显著增强.     

氮掺杂石墨烯的制备及其氧还原电催化性能

以三聚氰胺和氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,经物理研磨和高温热解得到氮掺杂石墨烯(三聚氰胺-NG).扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测量显示,所制备的三聚氰胺-NG厚度和表面褶皱较掺杂前略有增加.X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表明,在三聚氰胺-NG中氮元素以吡咯N、吡啶N和石墨N 3种形式掺杂在石墨烯中,它们的比例分别是14.5%、24.5%和61.0%.同时运用循环伏安法(CV)和旋转圆盘电极技术(RDE)测试了三聚氰胺-NG在碱性介质中的氧还原电催化活性.结果表明,与商业石墨烯和由聚吡咯为氮源制备的氮掺杂石墨烯(ppy-NG)相比,三聚氰胺-NG具有较高的电催化活性和较正的氧还原起始电位(-0.09V),并且电催化还原氧气时主要为4电子反应.由于其较高的氧还原性能和较低的成本,三聚氰胺-NG在碱性燃料电池阴极电催化剂中有良好的应用前景.     

Effect of supporting materials on the electrocatalytic activity,stability and selectivity of noble metal-based catalysts for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution reactions

Carbonaceous and alternative supporting materials for platinum(Pt) and palladium(Pd) have been explored for the cathodic electrocatalysis in low-temperature fuel cells. Pd and Pt are widely used for catalysis owing to their remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward water splitting and fuel cell reactions. Supporting materials play a paramount role in defining electrocatalytic properties such as durability, selectivity, and activity. The conventional supporting material such as carbon black is unable to fit all the requirements under the severe operating conditions of fuel cells due to its poor corrosion resistance and limited mass transport of fuels to active catalyst sites. Nowadays the scientific research is being concentrated on devising different altered carbonic and carbonfree supporting materials for catalysts to improve the catalytic activity, stability, and selectivity of noble metal electrocatalysts. Lately, Pt, Pd and their alloy catalysts supported on modified carbonaceous and carbon-free materials have attracted solid interest owing to their prominent characteristics contributing to the remarkable fuel cell efficacy. Therefore, it is reasonable to explore this theme, regarding a variety of supporting materials,their advantages, drawbacks and future perspectives. In this mini-review, we selectively summarize recent advancements on several types of key supporting materials: carbon(graphene, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, and doped carbon nanostructures), non-carbon(transition metals oxides, borides, nitrides, and carbides)and hybrid nanocomposites.     

Growth of graphene from solid carbon sources

Monolayer graphene was first obtained as a transferable material in 2004 and has stimulated intense activity among physicists, chemists and material scientists. Much research has been focused on developing routes for obtaining large sheets of monolayer or bilayer graphene. This has been recently achieved by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of CH(4) or C(2)H(2) gases on copper or nickel substrates. But CVD is limited to the use of gaseous raw materials, making it difficult to apply the technology to a wider variety of potential feedstocks. Here we demonstrate that large area, high-quality graphene with controllable thickness can be grown from different solid carbon sources-such as polymer films or small molecules-deposited on a metal catalyst substrate at temperatures as low as 800?°C. Both pristine graphene and doped graphene were grown with this one-step process using the same experimental set-up.     

非气态原料制备垂直石墨烯

垂直石墨烯是由石墨烯片垂直于基底生长而形成的一种新型3维碳材料结构,由于其独特的生长取向,可以有效减轻石墨烯层与层之间的堆叠,使石墨烯充分发挥其优异的特性.等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术作为合成垂直石墨烯的主要手段常需引入化工合成气为碳源,原料灵活性低.该文综述了非气态碳源用于垂直石墨烯的制备,介绍了所合成的垂直石墨烯在多种领域中的应用,并讨论了其生长机理.     

石墨烯微片对放电等离子烧结制备铜基摩擦材料性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结技术(spark plasma sintering,SPS)制备铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料,研究石墨烯微片含量对铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料物理性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：当石墨烯微片质量分数低于4%时,材料的密度、孔隙率和抗剪切强度随石墨烯微片含量的增加而升高;当石墨烯微片质量分数超过4%后,材料的密度、孔隙率及抗剪切强度随石墨烯微片含量的增加而略微减小;石墨烯微片质量分数为4%时,铜基粉末冶金摩擦材料具有最优的摩擦性能,此时其布氏硬度为82,剪切强度为98.73 MPa。     

石墨烯掺杂对分子印迹电化学传感器的增敏作用

分别以掺杂氧化石墨烯和石墨烯的壳聚糖为功能基体,尿酸为模板分子,采用恒电位技术于玻碳电极表面制备氧化石墨烯-壳聚糖和石墨烯-壳聚糖的分子印迹电化学传感器.同时,利用电化学与波谱技术研究了不同石墨烯掺杂对制备出的传感器灵敏度的影响.表征结果表明:石墨烯的sp2共轭结构的完整性及其在界面的存在形态是导致不同电化学增敏效果的原因.     

自支撑GN/MnO2复合材料的制备及其 电容性能研究

本文通过水热辅助真空冻干法制备得到了可以自支撑的石墨烯/二氧化锰(GN/MnO_2)复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对复合材料结构与形貌进行表征,并以复合材料为工作电极,组装成对称电容器,探究反应物质量比与电解液对材料电化学性能的影响,结果表明:在KOH电解液中,复合材料的比电容最大;当反应物质量比为1∶4时,该复合材料比电容可以达到224F/g(电流密度为1A/g).     

石墨烯基TiO_2复合材料的表征及其可见光催化活性研究

以氧化石墨烯与石墨烯为碳源,在熔盐介质中与钛粉反应原位生成石墨烯基TiC中间产物,并通过后续控制氧化制得石墨烯基TiO_2复合光催化剂,结合FTIR、XRD、Raman、SEM等手段,对两种石墨烯材料的结构及形貌差异进行表征,并分析了其对所制复合材料结构、形貌及可见光催化活性的影响。结果表明,所制复合材料仍保持碳源的层片状结构,TiC和TiO_2颗粒均匀包覆在碳源表面;以石墨烯为碳源更有利于表面原位生成TiC晶粒的生长,其晶体结构更为完善;两种结构的石墨烯基TiO_2复合材料均对目标污染物亚甲基蓝有较强的吸附能力和可见光降解能力。