四川省条鳅亚科鱼类的研究 1 副鳅、条鳅和山鳅属鱼类的整理(鲤形目:鳅科)

本文为四川省条鳅亚科鱼类分类研究的第一部分,对分布于四川省的副鳅属(Paracobitis)、条鳅属(Nemacheilus)和山鳅属(Oreias)鱼类进行了比较系统的整理,这3个属分布在四川共有5种和亚种,其中乌江副鳅(Poracobitis Wujian gensis sp. rov.)为新种.     

贵州南部及西南部典型洞穴鱼类物种多样性研究

对贵州南部及西南部地区11个县(市)的地下河进行野外调查工作,共采集到典型洞穴鱼类标本488尾。通过形态学和分子系统发育学方法对采集标本进行物种鉴定及分析,结合实验室馆藏标本的检视,共确定典型洞穴鱼类34种,其中:金线鲃属(Sinocyclocheilus)有20种;高原鳅属(Triplophysa)有8种;岭鳅属(Oreonectes)有5种;副鳅属(Paracobitis)有1种。发现待定种13种,其中:金线鲃属7种,高原鳅属5种,岭鳅属1种。利用辛普森多样性指数对贵州省南部和西南部物种多样性分析结果表明,贵州南部地区为0. 825 8,高于西南部地区的0. 570 8。根据线粒体基因测序结果及Gen Bank下载的线粒体基因序列,基于线粒体基因ND4、ND5和Cytb,使用最大似然法(ML)和贝叶斯法(BI)构建系统发育树对发现物种进行分析,结果显示:长须盲高原鳅(Triplophysa longibarbatus)和佳荣盲高原鳅(Triplophysa jiarongensis)应为岭鳅属物种,建议变更为长须岭鳅(Oreonectes longibarbatus)和佳荣岭鳅(Oreonectes jiarongensis);长江流域及珠江流域的洞穴型高原鳅单独聚为1支,与非洞穴型高原鳅具有不同的演化方向,贵州采集的高原鳅属鱼类均为洞穴类群;贵州的金线鲃分属于3个不同种组,分别为"驼背"组、"角"组和"抚仙"组。     

高原鳅属鱼类线粒体全基因组序列结构特征及其系统发育信息

为了深入开展高原鳅属(Triplophysa)鱼类的分类鉴定、系统进化等研究,利用生物信息学的方法分析了37种高原鳅属鱼类的线粒体全基因组序列及系统发育信息。通过Clustal X对线粒体DNA(mt DNA)全基因组序列进行对比,然后用MEGA7分析mt DNA的序列差异,并用邻接法生成系统进化树。结果发现:(1)高原鳅属鱼类线粒体基因组的全长在16 562～16 681 bp之间,其基因组结构和基因排列顺序与其他硬骨鱼类的线粒体基因组特征相同;(2)在所有编码基因中,ND2基因的序列变异程度最大(52.5%),且Kimura双参数(K2P)遗传距离最大(0.232),而16S rRNA的变异程度最小(19.9%),12S rRNA基因的K2P遗传距离最小(0.034);(3)系统进化树显示高原鳅属中除叶尔羌高原鳅(Triplophysa yarkandensis)外,绝大多数物种能够聚为一支,未描述种(T.sp.)、玫瑰高原鳅(T.rosa)和湘西盲高原鳅(T.xiangxiensis)聚为一支并处于该属的基部位置。     

广西平鳍鳅科鱼类及其地理分布研究

迄今为止，广西平鳍鳅科鱼类有16种和亚种，隶属2亚科8属，与相邻的地区相比，分布于广西的平鳍鳅科鱼类较为原始，因此，广西可能是平鳍鳅科鱼类的起源中心。平鳍鳅科鱼类起源后，演化出2个分支，一直保留在原地或向东低海拔地区发展，另一支向西、北高海拔地区发展，导致腹吸鳅亚科和平鳍鳅亚科2大类群的产生。     

洞穴高原鳅属一新种记述

描记在云南省泸西县阿庐古洞地河中采到的高原鳅属一新种,以采集地命名为阿庐高原鳅,新种与云南高原鳅相近但有下列特征可明显区别：①新种前段略平扁,体长为体高的１０．６倍;②尾较细,体长为尾柄高约１４．８倍;③眼小,趋近于盲眼,头长为眼径的１８０．０倍;④鼻瓣发育成鼻须状;⑤尾叉形;⑥体表裸露无鳞无斑。     

河南省高原鳅属新纪录种—达里湖高原鳅

2015年10月至2019年10月,河南省鱼类资源调查队在对全省鱼类资源调查过程中,于河南省林州市采集到多种高原鳅属鱼类,经初步鉴定,其中一种为达里湖高原鳅.为进一步确认,2019年5月在模式产地赤峰市达里诺尔湖采集到一批达里湖高原鳅,通过形态学与分子系统学相结合的方法进行比较鉴定,确认待测物种为河南省鱼类新纪录种—达里湖高原鳅(Triplophysa dalaica).目前,标本存放于河南师范大学水产学院鱼类标本室.对达里湖高原鳅的主要鉴定特征、分布区域、资源现状、生存环境等做了初步分析.     

贝氏高原鳅与玫瑰高原鳅脑大体解剖结构的比较

运用解剖学技术对高原鳅属的贝氏高原鳅Triplophysa bleekeri和玫瑰高原鳅Triplophysa rosa的脑大体解剖结构进行比较研究,其中贝氏高原鳅生活于开阔河流及山溪石滩浅水处,而玫瑰高原鳅生活于地下暗河或溶洞中.研究发现贝氏高原鳅整个脑及脑各结构的相对大小均较玫瑰高原鳅大,其中整个脑的质量、嗅球、下叶间存在显著差异,中脑、视盖、延脑背部、面叶间有极显著差异,大脑、小脑体间差异不显著;两物种的脑结构无性别二态性;玫瑰高原鳅视盖极其退化,小脑瓣完全裸露在外,而贝氏高原鳅的小脑瓣只有小部分露在外面,绝大部分被视盖包被.     

广西岭鳅属鱼类一新种

2010年6月29日,在广西壮族自治区环江县长美乡关安村附近地下溶洞出水口采集到一批条鳅亚科鱼类标本.经鉴定,为岭鳅属Oreonectes一未经发表的新种.新种以下组合特征可与岭鳅属的其他已知种类区别:背鳍分枝鳍条为7,臀鳍分枝鳍条为5,胸鳍分枝鳍条为l0～11,腹鳍分枝鳍条为7～8,尾鳍分枝鳍条为13～17.头平扁;...     

河南省鳅科新纪录种—稀有鳅

自2016年,河南省鱼类资源调查队对全省鱼类资源进行了调查.在此期间,于多地采集到鳅科鱼类,以南阳市居多.通过形态学与分子系统学相结合的方法对该科鱼类进行鉴定,发现所采鳅科样品中存在河南省未曾纪录种类—稀有鳅(Cobitis rara).标本存放于河南师范大学水产学院鱼类标本室.本文对稀有鳅的主要鉴定特征、分布区域、资源现状、生存环境等方面做了初步分析.     

短体副鳅泌尿系统的组织学研究

采用常规组织学方法对短体副鳅泌尿系统进行了研究,结果表明:短体副鳅泌尿系统由中肾、输尿管、膀胱构成,未观察到头肾.中肾包括肾小体、肾小管和填充于其间的拟淋巴组织,无皮质和髓质之分.肾小管由第一近端小管、第二近端小管和远端小管组成,无颈段.输尿管前后段组织结构有明显差异.膀胱为不发达的输尿管膀胱.斯坦尼斯小体多枚.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…