油井异常示功图智能甄别模型及其应用

针对油田现场远程在线实时监测示功图异常、无法正常进行油井工况诊断与分析或诊断结果错误等问题,通过对示功图形成原理的分析,研究了示功图形成的4个阶段可能出现载荷与位移的异常情况,通过特征分析,提取了异常示功图的特征值,建立了示功图甄别模型,并编制了甄别软件。经J油田32井次的油井示功图甄别应用,有10井次的示功图异常,反馈给油田现场更换测试设备重新检测,并进行了示功图的对比检验,验证了甄别结果的准确性,符合率为100%,表明油井实时监测示功图智能甄别模型的研究能够为油田现场实时分析示功图数据的真伪、及时发现示功图测量仪器故障提供了手段,为提高油井工况诊断和分析的准确性提供了理论与技术支持,提升了油井智能化管理水平。     

基于ZigBee技术的石油开采过程的远程监控系统

设计了一种基于ZigBee无线通信技术的石油开采远程监测系统:在油井现场组建的ZigBee网络采集抽油机工况;采集数据通过3G网络传输到远端的监控中心,并依此实现对抽油机工况远程实时监控和异常状况预报。该系统通过专家系统模型对抽油机示功图数据进行分析对比判断抽油机的工况。     

基于电功图的抽油机井工况诊断模型

针对目前缺乏典型工况特征的电功图图集而导致电功图资料无法被充分应用、采油生产系统实时工况诊断难等问题,考虑曲柄实际角速度、四连杆的惯性、摩擦等因素,推导基于光杆示功图的电功图计算模型,建立13种油井工况下的典型电功图特征图集和基于特征值的电功图工况诊断模型,并编制工况诊断软件。经现场5口油井功图计算检验,结果表明:实测电功图与计算电功图的上、下冲程功率峰值、功率的极差、平均功率的平均相对误差分别为1.74%、3.89%、2.96%、1.74%。经现场6口油井电功图的工况诊断检验,该井下工况诊断结果与示功图诊断结果一致,表明基于电功图的抽油机井工况诊断模型准确率高,能为抽油机井采油系统智能分析和优化决策提供技术支持。     

油井工况智能监测与风险防控技术研究

为了实现油井工况的自动评估与智能管理,达到防范风险的目标,基于深度学习技术建立了油井工况智能监测与风险防控方法.将实际油田数万条示功图数据整理为卷积神经网络模型的训练集,并基于该训练集,利用监督误差反向传播算法对基于卷积神经网络模型的示功图识别模型进行了训练和测试.结果表明,基于深度学习技术的示功图识别模型的准确度达到95%以上.研究成果应用于国内某油田,采油系统效率总体提升2.67%,工况合格率提升11%,防范风险成功率提高60%.研究成果为同类油田提供了一定的技术借鉴.     

基于CNN卷积神经网络的示功图诊断技术

抽油机井示功图能够直接反映油井生产运行的情况,对其进行分析和研究是进行油井工况分析、参数优化最直接、最有效的手段。通过对油井参数及示功图进行数字化描述,结合卷积神经网络技术,建立示功图诊断模型并开发计算程序,实现对抽油机井工况的智能诊断。测试结果表明,该模型对供液不足、气体影响、偏磨、盘根紧等常见工况的诊断识别正确率达到89. 3%,具有较高的诊断精度,为油井工况分析和生产优化的有效技术手段。     

基于悬点示功图的油井产量动态测量技术研究

针对油井有杆抽油系统无法实现产量连续监测的问题，提出了基于悬点示功图油井产量动态测量方法：首先，基于悬点示功图建立泵示功图模型，然后根据泵示功图计算泵有效冲程，最后动态计算油井实时产量．应用该方法对两口油井的产液量进行了计算，相对误差分别为5．93％和6．87％，研究结果表明，该方法计算较为准确，可以为油井产量动态监测提供参考．     

集散式油井动液面监测井场集中监控器研制

对于低渗、超低渗油田,特别是丛式井场和大井组油井,油井连续实时监测需每一口油井安装一台固定式连续动液面监测仪,致使油井投资成本过高而难以实施,为此研制了一种集散式动液面监测井场集中监控器。硬件基于STM32F429嵌入式系统,软件采用RT-thread实时操作系统,以自定义协议进行通信,RS485总线连接多井口监测仪表进行测量同步控制及多路监测实时数据读取,通过4G网络传输至监测分析平台进行数据解析与实时计算。现场应用表明,该井场集中监控器能有效降低油井动液面监测生产成本,提高油井动液面连续实时监测的准确性与可靠性,在数字化智能油田建设与油田开发生产中具有典型应用价值。     

示功图诊断技术在油田生产管理中的应用

示功图的计算机诊断技术是六十年代采油工程上重大成果之一。目前,这项技术在美国、加拿大、等国,已作为检测抽油系统工况不可缺少的手段之一,在油田生产管理中被广泛地应用着。油井示功图它不仅能在不停产的情况下取得大量有用的数据,简化了井下直接测试工作,而且能随时监控油井动态,使之在最佳工作方式下生产,为最优化抽油技术和抽油井监测与控制管理阶段开辟了道路。     

抽油机远程诊断系统开发

当前油田抽油机控制主要是依据人工观察油井参数来调控抽油机,不能智能地给出诊断结果。系统首先进行油井悬点载荷、位移的远程采集传输。然后对定向井地面示功图基于特征分析进行故障诊断,然后对抽油杆建立三维力学模型,摩擦系数等参数可以根据含水率进行实时动态调整,保证了基础参数的准确性,再次对故障进行确认,提取柱塞的有效冲程,计算泵效。系统采用VB语言编制,实际测试表明,该系统能较准确地判断典型故障模式,合理预测油井产量。     

基于标准误差算法的油井工况识别技术研究

抽油机示功图包含了大量的采油设备状态、采油工艺和采油工况的多维信息特征。如何精确地、快速地、方便地识别这些重要信息对指导油井设备的安全可靠运行、采油工艺的改进、实时监测采油工况具有非常重大的现实意义。提出了基于标准误差算法的油井工况识别方法,并建立了标准误差匹配算法的数学模型。首次提出匹配算法和图形差异程度具有关联性的论点,并对标准误差算法和经典匹配算法的可靠性进行了详细的对比研究,研究结果表明标准误差匹配算法和图形差异程度具有极高的关联性,并且标准误差算法的可靠性要优于目前广泛应用的经典匹配算法。通过对大量示功图的识别表明,基于标准误差匹配算法具有非常高的识别可靠性。特别是对微小差别的示功图具有极高的识别精度。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to