烟台市区大气中SO_2、NO_X及PM_(10)的时空分布规律研究

以2006—2007年烟台市区大气中SO2、NOX、PM10的监测数据为依据,分析了这3种大气污染物的时间、空间分布特征.结果表明:烟台市大气污染物浓度较低,空气质量较好.主要污染源为采暖排放、机动车排放与风沙影响.SO2、PM10污染呈明显的季节变化,SO2采暖季排放上升明显,PM10在春、秋的风沙时期保持较高的值.各污染物呈明显的区域性分布,SO2、PM10污染多集中在只楚工业区,NOX污染多集中在城市中心区域.     

郑州市PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)中水溶性无机离子的污染特征

于2009年10月至2010年8月间采集郑州市大气颗粒物PM2.5与PM10样品,对其质量浓度及水溶性离子进行分析研究.结果表明:PM2.5在秋、冬、春、夏四季的质量浓度的平均值分别为134.9、121.6、77.9和102.0μg/m3,PM10在秋、冬、春、夏四季的质量浓度的平均值分别为193.2、184.0、140.9和140.5μg/m3,日均值超标率分别达77.8%和59%.PM2.5和PM10质量浓度呈现很好的相关性,春季粗粒子在PM10中的比例相对较高,而秋、冬和夏季细粒子是PM10的主要组成部分.主要的水溶性离子是SO2-4、NO-3和NH+4,大部分以(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3形式存在;NO-3和SO2-4质量比小于1,说明采样期间郑州市大气以固定排放源污染为主.     

呼和浩特市施工扬尘排放因子和粒径分布

按照四维通量法模型要求的施工扬尘排放因子监测方案,2008-2009年对呼和浩特市9个建筑工地和5个背景点进行降尘监测,得出施工降尘量(ΔDF)年均值为31.7t/(km2.30d).采用微孔均匀沉积式碰撞采样器(MOUDI-110)分别采集施工现场大气和工地道路积尘(≤75μm)经实验室再悬浮后的颗粒物,结果表明,施工现场大气颗粒物粒径分布的峰值不确定,再悬浮颗粒物粒径分布呈双峰分布,峰值粒径范围在3.2-5.6μm和10-18μm,PM2.5:PM10:TSP=0.21:0.53:1,施工扬尘是PM2.5的来源之一.呼市施工扬尘PM10排放因子(以建设用地面积表示)为0.133kg/(m2.30d),是美国CARB排放因子的1.42倍,春夏秋冬4季排放因子的比值为1:0.76:0.38:0.36.2006年呼市建筑施工扬尘PM10排放量为2595 t/a.     

Ocean Data View软件在城市大气污染物因子分析中的应用

近些年城市大气污染问题尤为突出,其中PM2.5、PM10等污染物是引起雾霾天气的重要因素.本文基于2007—2016年10年中全国主要城市SO2、NO2、PM10等污染物因子的年平均浓度变化,利用Ocean Data View软件分析主要城市大气污染主控因子(二氧化硫、氮氧化物以及颗粒物)的排放特征及其成因.结果表明:各污染物的区域性分布明显,污染物浓度变化的总体趋势北方高于南方,SO2、NO2、PM10年平均浓度北方分别高于南方108.15%、7.60%、48.36%;从大气污染组分来看,颗粒物的增长速度最快,石家庄2007—2016年PM10增速为28.10%;而SO2的污染物浓度在下降,乌鲁木齐的降速为84.10%.     

郑州市PM2.5和PM10中水溶性无机离子的污染特征

于2009年10月至2010年8月间采集郑州市大气颗粒物PM2.5与PM10样品,对其质量浓度及水溶性离子进行分析研究.结果表明：PM2.5在秋、冬、春、夏四季的质量浓度的平均值分别为134.9、121.6、77.9和102.0μg/m^3,PM10在秋、冬、春、夏四季的质量浓度的平均值分别为193.2、184.0、140.9和140.5μg/m^3,日均值超标率分别达77.8%和59%.PM2.5和PM10质量浓度呈现很好的相关性,春季粗粒子在PM10中的比例相对较高,而秋、冬和夏季细粒子是PM10的主要组成部分.主要的水溶性离子是SO4^2-、NO3^-和NH4^＋,大部分以（NH4）2SO4和NH4NO3形式存在;NO3^-和SO4^2-质量比小于1,说明采样期间郑州市大气以固定排放源污染为主.     

忻州市PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)中水溶性离子季节污染特征及来源分析

为了解忻州市大气气溶胶中水溶性离子的特征及来源,分别在非采暖季、采暖季和风沙季对忻州市3个固定采样点大气中PM2.5和PM10样品中的水溶性无机离子浓度进行了定量分析.结果表明,忻州市大气PM2.5和PM10浓度分别为89.97、180.12μg/m3,颗粒物中SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4及Ca2+是其主要离子,其质量浓度总和分别占PM2.5和PM10总质量浓度的24.19%和24.15%.SO2-4、NH+4、Cl-、K+主要分布在细颗粒物中,Ca2+、Mg2+主要集中在粗颗粒物中,Na+与NO-3在粗细颗粒物中比例差别不大;风沙季中Ca2+、Mg2+的百分比大于采暖季与非采暖季,采暖季里Cl-的比例大于其余2季.主成分分析表明,忻州市风沙季中颗粒物水溶性离子的最主要来源是风沙扬尘;采暖季PM2.5中离子的最主要来源是燃煤和二次生成;非采暖季PM2.5中水溶性离子的最主要来源为二次生成.     

京津冀区域颗粒物污染特征研究

京津冀区域是我国环境空气污染频发的重点区域之一.基于中国空气质量在线监测分析平台实时发布的2019年京津冀区域六个典型城市的颗粒物质量浓度数据,分析京津冀区域颗粒物污染特征.结果表明：京津冀区域日均PM2.5质量浓度小于等于60 μg/m3 天数占全年的68.49%-80.00%;PM10质量浓度小于等于140 μg/m3 天数占全年的75.14%-93.70%;京津冀区域颗粒物质量浓度的月分布呈“V”型规律,颗粒物质量浓度冬季最高,秋季和春季次之,夏季最低;颗粒物质量浓度日变化呈双峰型且与人为活动作息时间保持良好的一致性;应用皮尔逊相关分析法探讨不同城市间颗粒物的相关性,总结为东南和西南两条典型的显著相关路径;应用线性回归方法评估PM2.5与PM10的相关性,同一城市的PM2.5与PM10显著相关;应用空间差异率方法分析京津冀区域不同城市间颗粒物质量浓度的差异程度,石家庄和其他城市间的颗粒物空间差异率最高;天津与唐山的PM2.5空间差异最低,其COD值为0.14;天津和廊坊的PM10的空间差异最小,其COD值为0.14.     

汽车尾气对烟台市大气环境的影响研究

介绍了近年来烟台市区汽车保有量的增长,以数学统计方法计算了烟台市汽车尾气中SO2、NOx、PM10的排放量,并在此基础上分析了烟台市汽车尾气的时间、空间分布特征.结果表明:烟台市大气污染物浓度较低,空气质量较好,但比较2008年和2010年的大气监测数据显示,2010年比2008年SO2、NOx、PM10的浓度稍高.     

河南省主要城市大气气溶胶中的TSP和PM10污染特性

大气气溶胶中的颗粒物(TSP、PM10)是大气污染物研究的主要对象．本文论述了我国北京、重庆、贵阳、济南、郑州等城市的大气气溶胶的特征一讨论了河南省东、西、南、北、中几个重要城市大气气溶胶中的TSP和PM10对环境空气的污染状况；分析了河南省城市环境大气气溶胶中TSP和PM10污染特性。     

太原市大气污染现状及监测站点优化

基于2008年12月至2009年11月太原市大气中SO2、NO2和PM10日均浓度值,评价了太原市的大气污染状况,并对监测站点进行了优化设计。结果显示:太原市大气中SO2、NO2和PM10年均浓度分别为0.105 mg/m3、0.060 mg/m3和0.197 mg/m3,接近或超过国家环境空气质量年均值三级标准。受气候和地形的影响,太原市大气中SO2、NO2和PM10呈现明显的季节变化和地域分布特征。利用物元分析法对原有的监测站点进行了优化后显示,现有的8个监测站点优化为5个后,仍能准确的反应太原市的大气污染状况。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.