基于粒级分离的长江口及邻近陆架沉积物磁性特征及其环境意义

在粒级分离的基础上,对长江河口及邻近陆架22个表层沉积物进行了磁学表征,探讨了磁性特征对物源、输运、沉积动力等环境信息的指示意义.研究结果表明,长江入海泥沙、残留砂及废黄河物质是长江口外水下三角洲及邻近陆架沉积物磁性特征的主要物源影响因素,但3者的空间分布不同.沉积物磁化率(c)、饱和等温剩磁(SIRM)、硬剩磁(HIRM)及非磁滞剩磁磁化率(c ARM)的空间变化指示了长江入海泥沙出口门后向南及东南方向输运. SIRM与c及退磁参数(S–100)与SIRM关系图表明,大于63μm粒级沉积物来自残留砂与现代长江粗颗粒,其分布大致以30 m等深线为界;小于16μm粒级沉积物受长江和废黄河物质的影响,口内为长江源,口外北部贴岸以废黄河源为主,口外其他区域则表现为以长江物质占主导的混合源.沉积物粒度和磁学特征的空间变化反映了动力的粒度和密度分选作用,并体现在沉积环境分区磁性特征差异及分粒级组分对全样SIRM贡献的空间变化上.粒级分离减小了粒度效应对全样磁性特征的干扰,提高了沉积物物源判别的准确性,在反映三角洲地貌变化及物源定量识别上具有重要意义.     

毛乌素沙地北缘苏贝淖湖滨沉积物磁化率与粒度组份的相关性研究*

以苏贝淖湖滨剖面沉积物为例,研究了沉积物磁化率与粒度的变化特征;并分析了各粒级组份与磁化率大小变化的相关关系。探讨沉积物磁性矿物的可能来源及富集状态,揭示它们在干旱区湖泊沉积物中所反映的古环境信息。结果显示:1沉积物磁化率和粒度自下而上分别经历了由低到高、由细到粗的总体变化趋势,代表了一种由湖滨浅湖相到风成沉积相过渡的沉积环境;沉积物整体粒径较粗,主要为砂(63μm)和粉砂[(4~63)μm],二者的平均含量之和达到99.04%,剖面风成沉积物与现代风成沙的粒度曲线变化具有很好的一致性;2磁化率与砂粒级的颗粒含量呈正相关,而与粉砂和黏土无明显相关关系或呈负相关,说明磁性矿物主要赋存在砂粒级颗粒中,主要原因是沉积物中的磁性矿物以外源为主;3沉积物高磁化率值对应较粗的沉积物颗粒,指示湖区风沙活动较强,气候干旱;低磁化率值对应较细的沉积物颗粒,反映湖区环境相对较湿润。     

洛阳二里头遗址南沉积剖面的粒度和磁化率分析

洛阳盆地内二里头遗址南沉积剖面位于遗址所在二级阶地的前缘,属于河流堆积。对剖面的沉积物样品做了光释光测年及磁化率、粒度分析。结果表明:剖面沉积年代大致在2000~5000 aBP之间。剖面下部(113~123 cm)沉积物粒度较细,磁化率偏高,粒度曲线反映水流较弱的泛滥平原沉积环境,属河漫滩堆积;中部(90~113 cm)粒度较粗,磁化率较低,粒度曲线反映水动力较强的边滩–漫滩沉积环境,属河床边滩堆积;上部(0~90 cm)粒度变细,磁化率升高,粒度曲线反映水动力条件较弱的泛滥平原沉积环境,属河漫滩堆积。其中沿水平方向可见剖面中部的河床边滩堆积直接覆盖在二级阶地顶面的龙山时期灰坑之上,由此可以确认剖面中部地层记录了一场漫上了河流阶地的特大洪水事件,这一记录与孢粉分析得到的气候变化过程具有明显的相关性。4000 aBP前后异常洪水的出现和大洪水前后河流过程的变化,可能是对4200 aBP全球性气候异常事件的区域响应,对我国最早的都邑——二里头城址的选址有重要的影响。     

澧水下游漫滩沉积物粒度特征及其环境指示意义

通过对澧水下游野外考察、河漫滩沉积物取样和沉积物粒度分析,以期探讨澧水下游漫滩沉积物的粒度特征及其与环境的相互关系.结果表明,澧水下游漫滩21个站点沉积物中黏土-粉砂-砂含量的百分比平均值分别是13.4%、58.15%、28.36%;平均粒径(M_Z)的范围在3.18~6.28Φ、标准偏差(σ_I)的范围在2.72~1.69、偏度(Sk_I)的范围在-0.21~0.57、峰态(K_G)的范围在0.80~1.27、中值粒径(D_(50))的范围在2.24~6.24Φ.澧水下游漫滩沉积物的粒度分布与河水动力条件呈正比关系,河水动能越强,沉积物粒度越大,反之沉积物粒度越小.这与河流系统的自身行为和人类活动等因素有关,河流拐弯和汇合等使河流流速变大,沉积物的颗粒也相对变大,砂组分比重增加;人类活动如农业灌溉使河流径流量显著减少,河流水动能减弱,沉积物颗粒随之变小.     

长江下游洪水事件:基于南通河漫滩研究

沉积物中保留下来的信息载体可较准确地反映古环境变化,沉积物粒度与磁化率是沉积物中反映沉积环境变化的重要指标.研究了长江下游南通段河漫滩沉积剖面的粒度和磁化率特征,由此识别出长江下游南通段现代洪水事件.粒度分析表明,样品偏态系数为负偏,表明沉积物粒径总体相时较大,反映水流量大,搬运能力强.根据砂、粉砂、粘土百分含量变化,可将剖面分6层,呈粗-细-粗-细-粗-细变化.这与磁化率特征是一致的,磁化率呈高-低-高-低-高-低变化.将磁化率、中值粒径和近百年降水量变化对比分析发现,磁化率与沉积物中值粒径呈负相关关系.而沉积物粒度与降水量呈正相关关系.推断第1、3、5层的沉积特征指示该阶段水量较大(洪水期),第2、4、6层沉积特征指示水量较小,约130 a以来长江下游南通段至少发生3次较大的洪水,其中第5沉积层对应的洪水规模可能最大.     

惠民凹陷西部沙三段三角洲和浊积扇砂体的粒度特征

本文分析了惠民凹陷沙三段三角洲和浊积扇砂体的475块样品,用福克公式计算了它们的粒度参数,并用计算机绘制了概率图、C-M图以及其它图件。综合岩性、沉积构造等资料,总结了三角洲和深水浊积扇亚环境的概率图特征,指出概率图的垂向变化也能反映沉积环境的变迁。根据岩芯观察,解释了三角洲和深水浊积扇 C-M图不同段的沉积环境意义,同时也研究了成岩作用对粒度特征的影响。研究表明,研究区内成岩作用并不显著,粒度资料基本反映了沉积物沉积时的水动力条件和沉积环境。强调指出了使用粒度资料时应综合岩性、电性、沉积构造等多种信息,才能对沉积环境进行正确分析、判断。     

固相颗粒对低渗透砂岩油藏注水开发影响研究

注入水中的固相颗粒直接影响低渗透砂岩油藏的注入压力和储层伤害程度。研究了3 种注入水（所含固相颗
粒累积粒度分布达到90% 时所对应粒径分别为1.24,5.05,9.91µm）的注入性和对油相渗透率的伤害程度,并考察其
对采收率的影响。结果表明：渗透率小于1.000 mD 的岩芯,注入水中固相颗粒的累计粒度分布达到90%（D90）的粒径
大于1.00 µm 时,严重影响了其注入性;在渗透率大于1.000 mD 的岩芯中,3 种注入水均具有较好的注入性。随着固
相颗粒D90 粒径的增大,岩芯油相渗透率的伤害程度增大,水驱采收率降低;随着岩芯渗透率的增加,较大粒径的颗粒
堵塞岩芯中小孔隙的油流通道,降低了水驱波及能力。结合固相颗粒D90 粒径的渗透率伤害率图版,岩芯渗透率大于
10.000 mD 时,注入水中的颗粒D90 粒径可以适当放宽到5.00µm。     

特征不同的两种扇三角洲相识别与对比

根据构造背景、海平面升降变化、沉积特征等的研究,在琼东南盆地渐新统崖城组中识别出特征明显不同的两种海洋扇三角洲相。靠山型扇三角洲相紧邻高地物源区,发育于盆缘断层下降盘坡度较陡的斜坡区,沉积物往往很粗,分选较差,粒度概率曲线多呈弧形或一段式斜线形,常见重力流成因的递变层理和块状层理,表明沉积水动力以重力流作用为主,兼有牵引流作用。靠扇型扇三角洲相以紧邻陆上冲积扇为特征,通常发育于盆缘断层下降盘坡度相对平缓的斜坡区,沉积物一般较粗,分选较好,粒度概率曲线以两段式和多段式为主,常见牵引流成因的各种交错层理、平行层理和砂纹层理,表明沉积水动力以牵引流作用为主,兼有沉积物重力流作用。靠扇型扇三角洲相砂体的储集性能优于靠山型扇三角洲。盆地边缘斜坡较陡和海平面较高,有利于靠山型扇三角洲相的发育;当盆地边缘斜坡较平缓和海平面相对较低时,则有利于靠扇型扇三角洲相的发育。随盆缘斜坡坡度和海平面升降变化,这两种扇三角洲相可以互相演替。     

应用因子分析与系统聚类方法划分现代沉积环境——以九龙江河口区为例

采用因子分析法处理沉积物粒度数据,并依据系统聚类方法将九龙江河口区的现代沉积环境划分为3个亚类:Ⅰ类沉积区沉积物粒度粗,分选差,推移跃移质组分含量高,跃移组分双跳跃,代表往复性高能环境;Ⅲ类沉积区沉积物颗粒细,分选相对较好,推移跃移组分少,悬移组分含量高,代表持续而稳定的低能环境;Ⅱ类沉积区特点介于两者之间,属于过渡性沉积环境.各类亚环境特点符合前人对本区水动力及泥沙运动的研究结果,说明因子分析和系统聚类方法是划分沉积环境的有效手段.     

长江河口及其水下三角洲的沉积特征和沉积环境

近两千年来,长江河口河道束狭淤浅,南岸边滩伸展,河槽成形,河道加深,形成现代河口的形态。长江河口的沉积物分布是和河口地形及水下三角洲的发育密切相关的。本文研究了沉积特征以及它与沉积环境、地貌和水文特征之间的关系。大量材料分析表明,沉积物的粒度大小和水动力条件相适应,分选系数、偏态和中值粒径之间有相关性。长江河口可分为四个沉积区:河口段上段沉积区;河口分汊河段沉积区;河口拦门沙沉积区;水下三角洲沉积区。     

Susceptibility variations of multiple origins of loess from the Ily Basin (NW China)

The magnetic susceptibility of loess from the Ily Basin,northwestern China shows maximum values in S0 paleosols but minimum values in other paleosols,the mechanism of which has been well debated.In this work,systematic magnetic measurements were made on a representative section from Neleke county.The results show that the loess horizons(L1,L2 and L3) have multi-domain magnetite grains of aeolian origin,S0 is characterized by production of pedogenetic ultrafine-grained ferrimagnetic minerals,and the other paleosols(S1,S2,and S3) are characterized by the formation of nonferrimagnetic minerals associated with waterlogging.The correlation between the low concentration of ferrimagnets,high paramagnetic content,high magnetic coercivity remanence,fine ferrimagnetic grain size and intensified pedogenesis suggest two competing processes of pedogenetic enhancement and pedogenetic depletion in the lower paleosols.Pedogenetic depletion dominates and is responsible for the low susceptibility.Changes in magnetic grain size distribution occur during pedogenetic depletion.The susceptibility variations are of multiple origins in the loess of the Ily Basin.Pedogenetic enhancement,pedogenetic depletion,and allochthonous input of magnetic minerals should all be taken into account to explain the variations of magnetic parameters.     

冷轧无取向硅钢片的磁性

研究了冷轧无取向硅钢片晶粒尺寸及其均匀性对铁损的影响,统计出不同温度氢气热处理和真空热处理后各种晶粒尺寸所占百分比。实验证明:晶粒平均尺寸接近临界值时,铁损最低。用腐蚀坑法和Bitter粉纹图法结合起来,研究了冷轧无取向硅钢片晶粒不同晶面在轧面上呈现的磁畴形貌及该畴对应的蚀坑,计算出了易磁化畴和复杂畴所占的百分比,阐述了它们对磁性的重要影响。     

下蜀土剖面磁化率反映古气候变化机制的探讨

通过对典型下蜀土样品的低温磁化率测量，探讨下蜀土剖面磁化率反映古气候变化的机制。结果表明，下蜀土构成剖面中古土壤、黄土层的磁性晶粒的大小不同，古土壤中大量的细小超顺磁颗粒的存在是其磁化率增高的主要原因，这种细小磁性颗粒在古土壤中的积聚可能与其发育及古气候的暖湿程度有关。     

公元1450年以来巢湖湖泊沉积物与区域和全球气候变化对比研究

湖泊沉积物物理、化学和生物特征是反演区域古环境的有效载体。本文选择巢湖西湖区CH-1钻孔连续湖泊沉积物的粒度和磁化率数据,结合公元1450年以来该区域旱涝灾害文献资料和全球气候变化代用指标中的Intcal 98 ~（14）C同位素数据,对500 cala.BP以来巢湖流域古气候演变,特别是降水演替进行分析。研究表明1450-1949年间,巢湖流域降水变化经历了少-多-少-多的变迁,湖芯钻孔粒度、磁化率变化很好的响应了区域和全球气候变化,环境变化与人类活动密切相关。     

Environmental magnetism and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Sanmenxia loess-paleosol sequence in the southeastern extremity of the Chinese Loess Plateau

This is a report of multi-parameter mineral magnetic results of the Sanmenxia loess-pa-leosol couplets in the SE extremity of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) over the interval of L1- L13 spanning the last 1 Ma. These results show that mass-specific magnetic susceptibility (X), XARM and SIRM and their ratios exhibit parallel stratigraphic variations. Since superparamagnetic (SP) particles have significant contribution to X but no contribution to remanence, e.g., ARM and SIRM, the strong linear correlations between X and remanence (e.g., ARM and SIRM) suggest that the pedogenesis-produced magnetic grains are predominantly in small single domain range. Consequently, the significant contribution of SP particles to the bulk X as supposed in previous studies has been obviously overestimated. XARM/X data in Sanmenxia and median grain size records of typical loess sections from the hinterland of the CLP display a strong resemblance, implying that XARM/X may be regarded as a reliable indicator for monitoring the variations of ferrimagnetic grain sizes. The results of S-ratio and HIRM ((SIRM IRM-0.3T)/2) measurements indicate that there is significant enhancement of both soft magnetite/maghemite and hard hematite/goethite in paleosols associated with pedogenesis.     

Exchange-coupling interaction, effective anisotropy and magnetic property of nano-magnetic materials

The theories and models of exchange-coupling interaction between grains in nanocrystalline magnetic materials are introduced here. Their insufficiencies and distinctions from the experimental results are pointed out, and some revisions are made. The effects of the phase component ratio, the grain size and microstructure on the effective anisotropy and magnetic properties in the nanocomposite permanent materials and the improved models are discussed in detail.     

Exchange-coupling interaction, effective anisotropy and magnetic property of nano-magnetic materials

The theories and models of exchange-coupling interaction between grains in nanocrystalline magnetic materials are introduced here. Their insufficiencies and distinctions from the experimental results are pointed out, and some revisions are made. The effects of the phase component ratio, the grain size and microstructure on the effective anisotropy and magnetic properties in the nanocomposite permanent materials and the improved models are discussed in detail.     

巢湖CH-1孔沉积物磁性、粒度特征分析

通过对巢湖湖心长1.5m的CH-1孔沉积物磁性参数和粒度组成进行测量,探讨了巢湖的沉积环境变迁.结果表明：CH-1孔沉积物以中粉砂和细粉砂为主,其次为黏土.该孔中黏土粒级对磁性矿物贡献最大.自底部向上,该孔分为4段：第1段,沉积物向上粒度变细,亚铁磁性矿物含量减少,亚铁磁性矿物颗粒变细;第2段,沉积物向上粒度变粗,亚铁磁性矿物含量减少,磁性矿物颗粒变细;第3段,沉积物向上粒度变细,亚铁磁性矿物含量增多,磁性矿物颗粒变粗;第4段,沉积物向上粒度变粗,亚铁磁性矿物含量增多,磁性矿物颗粒变粗.上述结果显示：巢湖湖面在整个沉积历史时期呈现上升和下降的交替变化,反映了气候变化对巢湖沉积的影响.     

Magnetic properties of surface soils across the southern Tarim Basin and their relationship with climate and source materials

The magnetic susceptibility (χ) of surface soils on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) has strong positive correlation with mean annual precipitation.It is widely accepted that ultrafine magnetite/maghemite grains produced during pedogenesis are responsible for the enhancement of χ,and loess χ on the CLP has been widely used as a proxy for the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon.However,few works have investigated mechanisms for the enhancement of χ in the case of surface aeolian sediments in westerly-dominated inland China,north of the Tibetan Plateau.Here detailed rock magnetism and grain size studies of 49 surface samples taken across the southern Tarim Basin for different rainfall/temperature/altitude conditions are presented.The results show that samples taken from desert have the lowest χ values and that χ of loessic sand and loess samples decreases with increasing altitude.In addition,the rock magnetism studies suggest that the magnetic properties of surface soils across the southern Tarim Basin are mainly controlled by the concentration of coarse aeolian ferrimagnetic minerals.The contribution of ultrafine pedogenically produced magnetic grains to χ is very limited.