大功率风电机组用轴承钢中非金属夹杂物特征及来源分析

采用非水溶液电解法萃取大功率风电机组用轴承钢轧材中的非金属夹杂物,结合SEM和EDS分析,对夹杂物的形貌、尺寸、成分及类型进行表征,并分析其可能来源。结果表明,该风电轴承钢轧材中非金属夹杂物主要包括Al-Ca-Si-Mg系氧化物和Al-Ca-Si-Mg系硫化物两大类;在钢中T[O]含量仅为0.0007%时,仍存在以SiO2为主的Al-Ca-Si-Mg系大型夹杂物。     

LF精炼过程中SAE8620钢所含MgO复合夹杂物分析

采用非水溶液电解的方法,萃取分离出SAE8620齿轮钢中含MgO复合夹杂物,利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪对夹杂物的组成、类型和形貌特征进行分析。结果表明,SAE8620齿轮钢在LF精炼过程中,含MgO复合夹杂物中MgO、CaO含量逐渐增加,SiO2含量逐渐减少,Al2O3含量呈先上升后下降的趋势;夹杂物的形貌多不规则,呈块状且棱角分明;夹杂物类型主要为SiO2-Al2O3-MgO、SiO2-MgO、SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO等,此类夹杂物的尺寸较大、熔点较高,直接影响钢材的质量和使用性能。     

高温纯铁熔体中外加氧化铝纳米粉的研究

在工业纯铁熔体中加入纳米Al2O3颗粒,熔炼后得到铸锭试样. 用扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)研究了铸锭金相试样中夹杂物的存在状态及成分. 采用非水溶液电解法分离、收集铸锭中的非金属夹杂物,用SEM及EDS分析了夹杂物的形貌、大小和元素组成. 结果表明,外加的纳米Al2O3颗粒能够在纯铁熔体中稳定存在,并与杂质元素所生成的夹杂物发生复合,复合夹杂物的尺寸为5～10 μm. 纳米Al2O3颗粒一般存在于复合夹杂物的内部. 未发现纳米Al2O3团聚烧结成大于10 μm颗粒的现象. 从热力学和颗粒运动行为方面进一步分析了纳米Al2O3在纯铁熔体中的稳定性和团聚烧结成大颗粒的可能性.     

GCr15轴承钢中MnS-Al_2O_3复合夹杂物析出行为

对于钢液铝脱氧精炼过程产生的Al_2O_3夹杂物严重影响钢的性能,而在钢液凝固过程中MnS夹杂物容易包裹着Al_2O_3夹杂物形成复合夹杂物,这种复合夹杂物改善钢材的性能有重要意义。通过场发射扫描电镜和能谱对国内某钢厂连铸坯中夹杂物形貌以及组成进行观察与分析,发现大量MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物。同时通过理论热力学阐述MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物的析出机理,计算得出:Al_2O_3夹杂物在钢液中形成,Mn S夹杂物在钢液凝固过程中形成,由于Al_2O_3夹杂物先析出,Mn S夹杂物可以在先析出的Al_2O_3夹杂物进行形核与长大,为钢中MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物生成提供了理论依据。     

基于X射线显微CT的合金钢中夹杂物的定量三维表征

夹杂物对钢铁的疲劳强度以及疲劳寿命均会产生影响，但是大块试样中的夹杂物情况无法直接用X射线显微计算机断层扫描(X射线显微CT)进行精确成像。为实现对大块试样中夹杂物的三维特征观察，采用非水溶液电解的方法获取大块试样中的夹杂物，利用扫描电镜对电解后的夹杂物进行观察和分析，将夹杂物聚合成为圆柱形样品，最后采用X射线显微CT对夹杂物进行三维扫描，得到了大块试样中夹杂物的三维信息，并对夹杂物的各项尺寸数据进行统计分析。该研究为获取大块钢铁试样中夹杂物的三维形貌提供了新思路。     

结晶器内钢液流速对IF钢宽板坯表层夹杂物分布的影响

对BOF-RH-CC生产Ti-IF钢宽板坯的表层夹杂物进行研究.采用非水溶液电解法从钢中分离夹杂物,并用SEM/EDS分别对其形貌和成分进行检测,获得典型夹杂物的分布规律.通过测定钢坯不同部位的枝晶偏角,计算结晶器中钢液的流速,并用软件进行模拟比较.结果表明,实际最大流速为模拟结果的1.93倍,边缘部位钢液流速与模拟的结果基本符合;随着钢液流速的下降,铸坯表层夹杂 物平均直径增大了 9.5%.     

不同浇铸阶段高强钢铸坯洁净度研究

采用氧氮分析、金相法、大样电解法、扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法,对不同浇铸阶段高强钢铸坯(头坯、正常坯、尾坯)的洁净度进行研究。结果表明,与正常坯相比较,头坯和尾坯中T[O]含量均有不同程度的提高;头坯中氮含量大幅升高,而尾坯中氮含量变化很小;头坯、尾坯的显微夹杂物均有所增加,显微夹杂物主要为TiN、Al2O3-TiN和球状钙铝酸盐类复合夹杂物;头坯中大型夹杂物最多(8.77mg/10kg),尾坯次之(5.71mg/10kg),正常坯中最少(1.75mg/10kg),大型夹杂物主要为TiN、SiO2、Al2O3-SiO2和Al2O3-SiO2-CaO,另外还有少量的MgO-CaO夹杂物和含有TiO2的复合夹杂物,这些夹杂物主要来源于结晶器卷渣。     

软吹氩流量对LF精炼ML08AL钢液中夹杂物的影响

为实现钢液的洁净化,在安泰集团90tBOF-90tLF-150×150mm~2CC生产线上,调整LF精炼中软吹氩流量,并在不同精炼工序和结晶器中取样,用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)的分析结果,研究软吹氩流量对ML08Al钢液中夹杂物行为及钙处理对夹杂物的影响。研究结果表明:250~300L/min的软吹氩流量能有效地脱除钢液中的夹杂物,对10μm的夹杂物脱除效果显著;在软吹前后,夹杂物平均尺寸从2.34μm减小到1.18μm,夹杂物面积分数从3 467.7μm~2/mm~2降低到413μm~2/mm~2.当软吹流量达到340L/min时,夹杂物的面积分数急剧上升,脱除效果变差。钙处理把铝脱氧产生的高熔点脆性Al_2O_3和MgO·Al_2O_3夹杂物变性为低熔点的钙铝酸盐类夹杂物;部分夹杂物变性为芯部是Al_2O_3外部包裹CaS的小尺寸球状复合夹杂物。     

钢液铝脱氧早期形成的Al2O3夹杂

钢液铝脱氧过程产生的高熔点非金属夹杂物Al_2O_3对钢材性能危害较大,因此对其数量和尺寸控制变得十分重要。本文通过设计高温激光共聚焦显微镜实验对早期形成的Al_2O_3夹杂物进行研究,通过场发射扫描电镜FESEM和能谱EDS对高温激光共聚焦显微镜制备的试样中的夹杂物进行观察与分析,发现大量纳米尺寸Al_2O_3夹杂物,尺寸在100 nm以下。同时,研究了冷却速率对早期形成Al_2O_3夹杂物的影响,结果表明:冷却速率越大,夹杂物的数量越少,尺寸越细小。     

连铸中间包钢液中凝聚态氧化铝夹杂物运动行为的数值模拟

在Euler-Lagrange框架下,基于应用分形理论对凝聚态Al2O3夹杂物形貌结构进行定量分析的基础上,数值模拟研究了连铸中间包钢液中不同形貌凝聚态Al2O3夹杂物的运动行为.研究发现中间包钢液流场和夹杂物形貌尺寸共同影响夹杂物在钢液中的运动行为.随着尺寸的变大,簇群状和致密球形两种形貌Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率都逐渐增加.在相同尺寸下,簇群状Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率比致密球形Al2O3夹杂物低;随着尺寸的增加,簇群状Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率相比于同尺寸致密球形Al2O3夹杂物降低得就越多.计算结果显示,与同尺寸的致密球形Al2O3夹杂物相比,直径为20、40、60和80μm的簇群状Al2O3夹杂物上浮去除率分别降低了4.8%、5.7%、6.4%和12.5%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.