一种新的点云模型控制网格的生成方法

控制网格是三维模型表示成位移细分曲面的关键.针对采用紧缩包围盒方法在处理表面有大凸大凹的点云模型时所出现的问题,提出了一种新的从点云模型中重建其表面控制网格的方法.该方法首先将点云的包围盒均分为n×n×n个小体元,然后,通过一种类似三维种子填充的算法对点云外部的小体元做上标记,并删去这些小体元,最后从剩下的体元外表面上产生一个初始的控制网格.实验结果表明,该方法不仅能快速地产生位移细分曲面的控制网格,而且能更好地逼近于原模型.     

基于地面激光点云数据的单木三维重建方法

目的 使用地面三维点云数据,提出一种单株树木三维网格模型重建方法,为精准获取测树因子提供技术支撑。 方法 对获取的点云进行预处理,使用k-d树构建近邻关系图,用Dijkstra算法求算出子图的根。检测出有效路径后,使用探测半径计算关键路径。计算树枝骨架,然后对初始骨架进行Bezier曲线半径平滑,得到平滑的骨架,再将骨架连接,使用半径平滑和圆柱拟合减少点云密度小造成的拟合不足的情况,能够最大限度保留树枝的细节。结果 使用3株落叶松点云数据构建了树枝树干表面网格模型,重建了树木三维结构。将树干、树枝的三维网格模型与点云匹配后,效果较好;所构建的模型能够进行细小枝条的重建,而不是模拟细枝,通过观察重建结果,一级枝的重建效果非常好,大的二级枝也能得到很好的展示;整套算法计算快速,计算时间与枝条的复杂程度、连接关系有关。结论 基于关键路径探测的方法能够很好地构建树木的三维网格模型,可以用于单株树木测树因子的精确提取。     

基于经纬网格的点云孔洞填补算法

为解决三维点云数据存在复杂的点云孔洞、对后续处理造成影响的问题,提出一种基于经纬网格的点云修补算法。首先将点云的三维坐标转换到球坐标系,形成三维球体,并对球体进行经纬网格的区域划分;然后找出每一个网格区域对应的点云三维坐标点,并求出点的密度;最后,利用密度较小区域邻近区域的点进行样条插值,来填补孔洞,实验证明了该算法的稳健性,恢复复杂物体的表面信息效果较好。     

基于Imageware的汽车灯罩复杂曲面反求设计

利用逆向软件Imageware对汽车灯罩点云数据进行处理,划分特征线网格和曲面重构,对重建的三维模型与原始点云进行了误差检测,最终的封闭曲面可通过IGES格式传输到通用商业CAD/CAM软件。讨论曲面反求设计主要涉及的技术问题,以及利用逆向工程技术检测曲面拟合精度的方法。逆向技术缩短了灯罩的开发周期,节约了灯罩造型设计成本。     

基于点云数据的曲面重建算法比较研究

针对现有的多种点云数据曲面重建算法,从曲面重建的网格曲面、隐式曲面、参数曲面三种不同重建方式入手,比较了四种算法针对不同目标物重建的优劣,并给出相应的精度评价。实验结果表明:基于NURBS参数曲面重建的方式最佳,基于贪婪投影三角化网格曲面重建的方式其次,基于移动立方体与基于泊松方程隐式曲面重建方式的时间复杂度与空间复杂度较大,且重建后的点云模型误差也较大。     

汽车逆向设计中用NURBS曲面拟合点云数据

针对汽车的逆向设计,利用非接触测量方法中的CDD相机拍照法得到一组点云数据·将Tritop,Atos和CATIA三种软件联合应用,对点云数据进行了筛选、划分,用曲线拟合的方法做出了点云的特征线网格,并在此网格的基础上,利用NURBS曲面拟合技术,得出了点云的曲面造型·通过将拟合得到的曲面造型和原始点云数据的对比,对拟合曲面进行了误差分析·结果显示,只是在凹槽的边缘部位误差稍有增大,但也在很小的范围内变化,符合实际设计时的要求·由此证明,此种多软件联合应用的方法在处理曲面造型的逆向设计方面是可行的·     

插值Loop曲面细分算法在堆焊自由曲面重建中的应用

针对堆焊自由曲面焊缝形貌不规则致使焊缝识别精度低、自动焊接困难的问题,提出了一种利用插值Loop曲面细分算法对旋转电弧传感器采集的堆焊焊缝三维形貌数据进行曲面重建的方法。首先,采用格拉布斯(Grubbs)检验算法对异常采样点进行滤波处理,得到质量较高的形貌数据;然后,采用局部最优Delaunay算法对形貌数据进行初始三角网格剖分;最后,利用插值Loop曲面细分算法对初始三角网格进行曲面细分,实现焊缝三维形貌重建。结果表明,此方法的曲面重建效果良好,降低了初始三角网格剖分的误差,实用性强。     

密集三维散乱点数据的拓扑矩形网格自组织压缩重建

探讨了曲面密集三维散乱点数据的拓扑矩形网格自组织压缩重建方法。建立了基于自组织特征映射神经网络的三维散乱点数据的拓扑矩形网格自组织压缩重建模型。该模型利用神经元对曲面散乱点的学习和训练来模拟曲面上的点与点之间的内在关系,结点连接权矢量集作为对散乱点集的工程近似化并重构曲面样本点的内在拓扑关系,实现曲面密集三维散乱点数据的自组织压缩。按矩形阵列侧抑制邻区训练调整网络神经元权重矢量,使网络输出层结点呈矩形阵列分布,可生成测量点集压缩后的拓扑矩形网格,可用于NURBS曲面重构。计算机仿真实验表明,所建模型可以实现三维密集散乱点数据自组织压缩,生成期望疏密程度和精度的双有序点列,重建矩形拓扑网格。     

无序点云的平坦度自适应增量网格重建算法

设计了无序点云的平坦度自适应增量网格重建算法,通过对局部曲面平坦度的计算,根据预定义的公式,动态地调整自适应逼近误差参数,从而在保证网格质量的同时,过滤部分对重建效果意义不大的点,因此,适用于海量数据．该算法避免了基于三维Delaunay的四面体剖分带来的高复杂度及基于二维平面投影的三角剖分带来的变形和局限性．实验证明,能够高效、可靠地生成贴近原始曲面的三角网格,并取得较理想的绘制效果．     

基于三维虚拟vr的历史街景重现技术

传统方法采集点云数据时容易丢失信息,无法保证历史街景重现的完整性。为此,提出一种新的基于三维虚拟vr的历史街景重现技术,对采集的0像素值点进行去噪处理,防止大量空洞产生。通过取交集对由三维采样点构成的集合进行多帧融合处理,求出各三维采样点的深度可信度,根据深度可信度排序对三维采样点进行无重复融合处理,获取历史街景完整三维点云。依据ICP法,通过不停查找对应点集及运算变换关系的过程,找到目标点集与参照点集间的旋转矩阵与平移向量,将感兴趣重建部分从整个场景中分离实现点云配准。将历史街景三维重建模型添加至Google Earth平台,在Google Earth平台实现历史街景重现。实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效实现历史街景重现,重建精度高、完整性强。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…