溶微囊藻菌的分离与溶藻作用

从太湖梅梁湾水域放置的除藻中试反应器的人工介质上分离出1株溶藻细菌,并对该株菌溶解铜绿微囊藻和降解微囊藻毒素的效果与机制进行了研究.结果表明,结合形态学、生理与生化特性以及16S rRNA特异性引物扩增综合分析,初步鉴定该株细菌属于假单胞菌属;对源自太湖的微囊藻的最低溶藻细菌浓度为105个/mL;在太湖水、PBS缓冲液和BG11微囊藻培养基等反应体系中对微囊藻均有较强的溶解作用,24 h藻细胞溶解率分别为85.9%、67.9%和91.0%,完全溶藻时间为48 h.其溶藻方式可能为分泌某种胞外物质所致.该株菌对微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)也具有较强的降解作用.在MC-LR起始质量浓度为2.642 μg/L时,细菌对MC-LR作用18,36和72 h的降解率分别为14.2%、51.3%和100.0%.此菌株在太湖水中保持着较好的生物活性,表现出较强的溶藻与降解MC-LR作用.     

聚己内酯纳米纤维膜固定化溶藻菌对藻类和藻毒素的生物降解作用

采用电纺法制备并表征了聚己内酯纳米纤维膜(NMP).将从太湖水体中分离到的假单胞菌属溶藻菌固定化在聚己内酯纳米纤维膜(NMP)、维纶(VNL)和阿科蔓(AQUA)等人工介质材料上,分析与比较不同人工介质固定化溶藻菌对太湖土著铜绿微囊藻和微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)的生物降解作用.实验结果显示:NMP吸水率、孔隙率、拉伸强度分别为(81.33±1.58)%、(78.68±4.85)%、(89.8±7.5)MPa.NMP固定化溶藻菌的数量为5.65×107/cm2;NMP固定化溶藻菌对藻细胞的48h溶藻率和对MC-LR的48h降解率分别为85.68%和60.16%;溶解藻细胞可重复利用次数达到4次.上述结果表明,NMP是一种良好的固定化溶藻菌的纳米人工介质,可以增强溶藻菌对铜绿微囊藻和MC-LR的生物降解作用.     

氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化溶藻菌的除藻作用

为了探讨氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化溶藻菌后对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻作用和降解微囊藻毒素LR(MC-LR)的作用,从太湖水体中分离获得一株属于芽孢杆菌属的溶藻菌,将其与氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化后,以普通Fe2O3作为实验对照,测定其溶藻作用和降解MC-LR作用.以激光粒度仪测定氧化铁纳米颗粒与溶藻菌两者单独和同时存在时的粒径大小及粒径分布,以获得氧化铁纳米颗粒固定化溶藻菌的证据.分析结果表明:在太湖水体中分离获得的一株芽孢杆菌具有较强的溶藻和降解MC-LR的作用,作用24 h后的溶藻率和MC-LR降解率分别达到44.3%和20.5%.同时加入氧化铁纳米颗粒后,溶藻率达到53.0%,MC-LR的降解率达到33.0%.激光粒度仪检测发现,氧化铁纳米颗粒与细菌混合后的颗粒物的平均直径增加到氧化铁纳米颗粒的12.3倍,同时氧化铁纳米颗粒和细菌单独存在时的粒径分布峰消失.氧化铁纳米颗粒是一种具有良好性能的生物固定化材料,可能通过其特有的途径有效地固定化溶藻菌,并增强溶藻菌的溶藻和降解藻毒素作用.     

人工介质富集微生物对藻类和藻毒素降解试验研究

采用人工介质富集微生物的方法对藻类和微囊藻毒素的生物降解进行了试验研究.中试结果表明:在水力停留时间6～7 d,源水叶绿素a为15.3～266.1μg/L条件下,人工介质对叶绿素a的去除率达59.4%.运用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对微囊藻毒素进行了检测,当进水总微囊藻毒素TMC-RR和TMC-LR分别为0.25～8.93,0.15～4.73μg/L,胞外微囊藻毒素EMC-RR和EMC-LR分别为0.13～0.68,0.02～0.11μg/L时,人工介质对TMC-RR,TMC-LR和EMC-RR,EMC-LR平均去除率分别为69.8%,93.7%,42.2%和68.4%.聚合酶链反应(PCR)电泳图谱发现,人工介质上富集有大量的假单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属等溶藻细菌.通过人工介质富集微生物的方法可有效降解太湖水体中的藻类和微囊藻毒素.     

1株铜绿微囊藻降解菌的分离鉴定及其溶藻特征

以铜绿微囊藻为供试藻类,从发生黄化的铜绿微囊藻液中分离出了1株溶藻细菌H1.对溶藻细菌H1进行的生理鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析结果表明该菌株为短芽孢杆菌属.H1菌对于铜绿微囊藻的降解特性表明:该株溶藻细菌对于铜绿微囊藻有很好的去除效果,1 d后叶绿素去除率达到了71.6%,7 d后叶绿素去除率为80.48%.在溶藻过程中,营养物质氮和磷从藻细胞内转移到了藻细胞外.     

H1菌降解铜绿微囊藻的溶藻特性

溶藻细菌H1对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻效果随着溶藻细菌培养时间的增加而增强,随着铜绿微囊藻生长周期的增加而减弱,溶藻细菌H1对处于生长初期的铜绿微囊藻的处理效果最好,处于生长平稳期的H1菌对藻液的降解效果明显强于处于生长期的H1菌.     

铵氮对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeroginosa）FACHB905的生长、生化组成和毒素生产的影响

研究了铵氮对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeroginosa)FACHB905的生长、生化组成和毒素生产的影响.结果表明,铵氮不利于铜绿微囊藻的生长,藻细胞最大比生长速率的铵氮浓度为0.2 mmol/L;藻细胞生化组成与铵氮的消耗程度密切相关,铵氮缺乏时细胞叶绿素含量降低,细胞C/N比急剧升高,铵氮的存在显著降低GS酶活力;该藻株毒素主要为MC-LR和去甲基MC-LR(desmethylMC-MR),铵氮浓度为1.0 mmol/L时毒素含量最高,为(1.66±0.47) μg/mg. 这些研究不仅有助于揭示氮源对铜绿微囊藻生长和产毒的影响机理,而且对于评估和预防有害蓝藻水华暴发具有重要意义.     

高锰酸钾灭活铜绿微囊藻及胞内毒素释放机制

采用高锰酸钾对微囊藻毒素MC-LR进行氧化试验,结果表明MC-LR氧化降解符合二级动力学模型,铜绿微囊藻细胞外代谢有机物(EOM)和细胞内代谢有机物(IOM)背景下,MC-LR降解速率常数分别为368.3(mol·L-1)-1·s-1和400.2(mol·L-1)-1·s-1.同时,采用高锰酸钾对铜绿微囊藻进行预氧化试验,研究不同氧化剂投加量、氧化时间对铜绿微囊藻活性、藻毒素MC-LR的释放的影响.结果表明,高锰酸钾对藻活性、细胞内MC-LR的释放均符合二级动力学模型.氧化过程中存在两个氧化剂暴露剂量临界点,细胞灭活临界点及毒素释放临界点.细胞灭活临界点之前氧化剂主要与EOM和藻细胞细胞壁上的分泌物反应,藻活性缓慢降低,细胞灭活临界点之后,氧化剂直接与细胞壁反应,导致藻细胞迅速丧失活性,同时藻活性下降速率常数由0.49~2.35(mol·L-1)-1·s-1突变至5.00~19.38(mol·L-1)-1·s-1.毒素释放临界点之前藻细胞基本保持完整,MC-LR释放不明显,毒素释放临界点处藻细胞发生明显破裂和溶解,细胞内MC-LR大量释放,同时,MC-LR释放速率常数在临界点前后由0.55~1.45(mol·L-1)-1·s-1突变至0.96~14.45(mol·L-1)-1·s-1.3维荧光光谱(EEM)分析发现,当高锰酸钾暴露剂量达到细胞灭活临界点时,EOM中类腐殖质峰开始出现,暴露剂量达到毒素释放临界点时,类腐殖质峰显著增加,与藻细胞活性及胞内MC-LR释放规律类似.     

太湖水华藻的分离、鉴定和产毒特性

采用抗生素与倍比稀释相结合的分离方法,对太湖梅梁湾水域水华的优势藻进行分离培养;结合全细胞聚合酶链反应(PCR)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和实时荧光定量PCR(RTQ-PCR)法进行藻属与产毒特性分析.结果显示:自太湖梅梁湾水域成功分离获得2株藻株TH1和TH2,2株藻株藻蓝蛋白基因中间序列(PC-IGS)、微囊藻16S rDNA保守序列(Micr 16s rDNA)扩增均为阳性,TH1的微囊藻毒素合成酶基因B(mcyB)扩增为阳性,而TH2的mcyB扩增为阴性.培养15 d的THI藻株每108个藻细胞产生的总微囊藻毒素-LR(TMC-LR)为0.594 μg,胞外微囊藻毒素-LR(EMC-LR)为0.085μg,分别为铜绿微囊藻产毒株的61.93%和86.09%;TH2藻株未检出MC-LR.TH1藻株mcyB的mRNA相对表达水平为铜绿微囊藻产毒株的5.9%.结果表明:分离自太湖梅梁湾的2株藻细胞均为蓝藻门中的微囊藻属,其中1株产毒微囊藻具有较强的产毒能力,太湖梅梁湾水域有产毒微囊藻污染.     

电化学氧化灭活铜绿微囊藻及藻毒素的降解

利用混合金属氧化物(IrO_2-Ta_2O_5/Ti)电极在氯化钠电解质中产生的活性氯(氯气和次氯酸)灭活铜绿微囊藻细胞.活性氯在溶液中的生成符合法拉第定律,其浓度与电流密度和反应时间成正比.实验系统考察了藻细胞完整性、表面形态和光合活性在电化学氧化过程中的变化,并研究了藻类有机物和微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)在该过程中的释放与降解情况.结果表明:电化学氧化工艺可有效灭活铜绿微囊藻细胞;电流密度越大,反应时间越长,藻细胞破损程度越严重;胞外MC-LR在氧化过程中呈现先升高再降低的趋势,最终质量浓度可达到1.0μg·L~(-1)以下.电化学氧化工艺不仅可以有效灭活藻细胞,还能有效控制藻细胞胞外有机物和藻毒素,因此对于高藻水处理具有良好的应用前景.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.