山区高速公路紧急避险车道辅助车道设置

通过对8处紧急避险车道主线外侧车道车头时距的收集与分析,运用拟合分析和卡方检验,发现当外侧车道交通流小于500veh·h-1时,车头时距符合负指数分布.考虑主线外侧车道交通流量、失控车辆的速度与失控车辆汇入的临界间隙,应用微分法求导得到失控车辆汇入主线外侧车道的汇入概率模型.通过分析失控车辆汇入主线外侧车道的换车道驾驶行为,得到了不同路面状况下车辆汇入临界间隙.在保证失控车辆95%的汇入成功率条件下,计算不同路面状况、主线外侧交通流量与驶入速度下的辅助车道长度设置值.     

微观交通仿真研究不同流量条件下的车道利用率

车道利用率反映的是单一方向路段交通量在不同车道上的分布情况，它影响交通流的稳定性，是道路通行能力和交通安全的重要影响因素．针对不同流量条件下车道利用率的不确定性和难以通过实验采获等特点，应用车辆跟驰、车道变换等微观交通流仿真模型在一体化仿真环境下进行模拟研究，得到双车道和三车道路段流量一换道次数以及流量—车道利用率关系的基本规律。     

相邻交叉口短车道长度与配时参数协同优化

针对相邻交叉口在共有连线上均渠化左转短车道的现况,研究其时空资源的最优配置.通过分析短车道对进口道饱和流率的影响,建立以交叉口通行能力最大化与车均延误最小化为目标函数、以短车道长度和相位有效绿灯时间为决策变量的多目标优化模型.以大连市两相邻交叉口为例,通过Matlab软件对优化模型进行编程求解,进而利用VISSIM软件对现有方案和优化方案分别进行仿真试验.结果显示,优化方案虽然使每个交叉口通行能力减小,但是也使每个交叉口车均延误、饱和度和平均排队长度减少.此外,优化方案使每个交叉口通行能力与车均延误之比增大,使单位时间内通过两个交叉口的总车辆数增加.研究成果表明,交通组织与信号控制的协同优化设计可以实现交叉口群的时空资源的最优配置.     

基于元胞自动机的双车道环岛交通流特性研究

针对以元胞自动机模型模拟单车道环岛交通行为推断多车道环岛交通流特性的局限性,通过分析双车道环岛上车辆在自由流下的期望行驶路线、在非自由流下的期望换道临界位置和极限位置,描述双车道环岛上车辆的换道决策,建立双车道环岛的元胞自动机模型。数值模拟分析结果表明:环岛总延误时间与环岛限速、车辆驾驶员熟练程度以及车辆左转概率有关,同时也受环岛周长的影响;在其他因素不变的情况下,若环岛周长越小、车辆限速越大、车辆左转概率越小以及驾驶员熟练程度越高,则环岛总延误时间越小。     

一种高速公路隧道交通流元胞自动机模型

针对高速公路隧道交通瓶颈,通过分析高速公路隧道区域通行环境特性,研究车辆行驶在高速公路隧道路段时的换车道、加速、减速等微观交通现象,在双车道元胞自动机模型STCA模型基础上,引入车辆速度控制条件和车道控制条件,提出了一种高速公路隧道交通瓶颈元胞自动机模型,分析了不同长度高速公路隧道对区域路段交通流的影响。研究结果表明：建立的模型能够模拟车辆在高速公路隧道区域的时空变化特征;高速公路隧道瓶颈会对紧邻瓶颈下游的特定长度路段的交通流产生缓冲作用;隧道路段区域的最大流量以及平均车速与无隧道路段区域相比,将会随着隧道长度的增加而逐渐降低。     

基于车道的交叉口车道功能和信号相位优化模型

考虑不同进口道、不同流向、不同车道功能及不同相位方案等复杂因素的相互影响,建立了基于车道的交叉口车道功能和信号相位优化模型。模型目标函数采用交叉口关键流量比最小,考虑进出口道车道平衡、流量匹配、车道功能冲突、合用车道等饱和度等约束,能够同时优化进口道和出口道,给出了模型求解算法。提出的模型变量较少,与目前交通设计方法衔接更好,能够得到全局最优解,求解方法也相对简单。实例验证表明,模型能够有效降低交叉口关键流量比、周期和车均延误。     

锯齿形公交优先进口道的设计与延误分析

根据锯齿形公交优先进口道的工作原理和工作流程,分析了公交候驶区的长度和主、预信号的信号配时,并采用VISSIM仿真软件,对交叉口进行仿真,分析在设置锯齿形公交优先进口道前后,交叉口的交通延误变化情况。结果表明：通过设置锯齿形公交优先进口道。公交车辆的车均延误减少,社会车辆的车均延误增加。但是乘客总延误和人均延误都减少了,改善了整个交叉口的交通运行状况。     

混合网联环境快速路交织区交通流特性分析

在混合人工驾驶车辆(human-driven vehicle, HV)与网联自动驾驶车辆(connected and autonomous vehicle, CAV)的交通流环境下，为提升快速路交织区的通行效率与行车安全性，深入分析了混合交通流的基本特性.首先，结合交织区通行能力计算模型，研究交织区域长度、交织交通量比和CAV渗透率等因素对交织区通行能力的影响；其次，推导混合交通流基本图模型，并在不同期望车头时距和CAV渗透率下对混合交通流基本图参数进行分析；最后，通过数值仿真实验，分别探讨在由车辆换道行为所产生的单一扰动和频繁扰动条件下，混合交通流行驶速度与车头间距的时空演化规律及交通流稳定性.结果表明：CAV渗透率的提升可以提高交织区通行能力以及混合交通流交通效率；交织交通量比的减小和交织区域长度的增大可提高交织区通行能力；提升CAV渗透率可以有效提高混合交通流的稳定性，但较小的车头间距也会造成一定的安全隐患.     

借BRT车道掉头的交叉口渠化与信号控制优化

针对城市快速公交(BRT)时空优先权引发的交叉口拥堵问题,以太原市平阳路与学府街交叉口为例,通过交通调查分析交叉口存在的问题,运用"借BRT车道掉头"的方法对该交叉口的渠化和信号控制方案重新设计,用Vissim交通仿真软件对原方案和设计方案进行对比分析。得出优化后北进口道左转车辆的车均延误与车均停车时间分别下降了15.2 s、13.2 s,掉头车辆的车均延误与车均停车时间分别下降了9.6 s、10.8 s,左转与掉头的平均排队长度降低42%.结果表明:文章所给"借道掉头"设计方法能缓解BRT与其他车辆在平交口的冲突,提高交叉口通行效率。     

城市快速路常发性瓶颈交通流失效生存分析模型

瓶颈处交通流失效(breakdown)是导致快速路拥堵的重要原因,其致因则是交通需求、驾驶行为及设施设计等多因素交互作用的结果.针对快速路常发性瓶颈失效的随机特征,基于海量检测数据,提出了快速路瓶颈失效的生存分析模型.该模型首先以速度、密度组合阈值法判断失效是否发生;然后统计失效发生时刻及发生前的交通流参数,利用生存函数描述失效发生概率与瓶颈通行能力的关系;进一步采用Cox回归模型分析瓶颈失效的影响因素.上海市内环3个典型双车道常发性瓶颈点277个交通流失效事件分析表明,在50%的失效概率下,3个瓶颈每车道通行能力分别为1341,1 552,1 662veh.h-1;通过调控主线车速及驶入匝道流量可对瓶颈失效起到有效的保护作用.利用该方法可精细化确定瓶颈点概率通行能力,并为快速路主动交通管理措施设计提供理论依据.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.