苤蓝皮生物吸附去除水体中的阴离子染料

用低值的地产苤蓝皮材料作为生物吸附剂去除水体中的三种阴离子染料苋菜红、日落黄、亮绿,研究了pH值、吸附剂量、染料浓度、吸附剂粒径、离子强度、吸附时间等对吸附的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件.结果表明:三种染料在pH值为2时去除率较高;吸附在36h达到平衡.吸附等温线符合Langmuir模式,吸附过程符合Langergren准一级动力学方程.     

橘子皮对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的研究

橘子皮主要含有羧基、氨基和磺酸基,具有一定的吸附性.用低值廉价的橘子皮作为吸附剂对染料废水中的亚甲基蓝进行吸附,探讨了吸附平衡时间、溶液pH、染料浓度、橘子皮吸附剂的添加量对亚甲蓝吸附的影响,结果表明:橘子皮生物吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附所需平衡时间为1 h,在pH=10的条件下,亚甲基蓝的初始浓度为400 mg/L,橘子皮用量为1 g时,橘子皮对亚甲基蓝的吸附率可达到90.55%,吸附量最大为45.3 mg/g,等温吸附线符合Langmuir模式,该吸附过程符合二级动力模型,结果具有很好的应用前景和较好的经济价值.     

水锰矿吸附法去除水中Cr（Ⅲ）的研究

以合成的水锰矿(γ-MnOOH)为吸附剂,研究了pH、吸附时间、投加量和质量浓度对Cr(Ⅲ)吸附去除效果的影响,并测定了吸附等温线.结果表明:吸附率-pH曲线呈"S"形,当Cr(Ⅲ)初始质量浓度为10 mg/L时,发生吸附突跃的pH范围为3.3～6.5,pH>6.5时容易出现Cr(OH)3沉淀;反应4 h时达到吸附平衡;吸附去除率随吸附剂投加量的增加而提高;吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,在25 ℃、吸附体系pH=5.0、ρ(吸附剂)为1 g/L的条件下,γ-MnOOH对Cr(Ⅲ)的饱和吸附量为34.01 mg/g.     

柚子皮对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的研究

以柚子皮为原料制备了柚子皮、水洗柚子皮和酸洗柚子皮3种生物吸附剂,用于吸附水溶液中亚甲基蓝(MB).考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间、MB溶液初始浓度等对吸附效果的影响,并探讨了吸附机理.结果表明:3种吸附剂对MB的吸附规律大致相同,其中水洗柚子皮的吸附量最大,酸洗柚子皮次之,柚子皮最小.在pH 9,25℃条件下,用水洗柚子皮吸附溶液中MB,约170 min达到吸附平衡,等温吸附数据符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,最大吸附量为335mg·g-1.用pH 2的酸液进行解吸附再生,解吸率达到78%.红外光谱分析表明:水洗柚子皮表面有羟基、羧基、羰基、醛基和氨基等多种官能团,吸附剂表面带负电荷的基团对MB的吸附起重要作用.     

碳纳米管泡沫体的制备及其对腐植酸的吸附性能

以碳纳米管、聚氨酯发泡剂为主要原料制备出一种新型高效吸附剂,研究了其对天然水中腐植酸的吸附特性.试验中考察了腐植酸溶液pH值与初始浓度、吸附剂用量与吸附时间对吸附过程与效果的影响.试验发现,碳纳米管泡沫体对腐植酸吸附平衡时间约为5 h;在酸性（pH为3.5）及偏酸性条件下（pH为5.5）,1%CNT泡沫体对腐植酸吸附率高;在腐植酸初始浓度低于20 mg/L与在20~40 mg/L时,其吸附率分别为100%和大于80%.研究结果表明,碳纳米管泡沫体是一种新型高效的吸附剂,在酸性与偏酸性条件下对天然水中腐植酸有很好的吸附效果,碳纳米管泡沫体吸附腐植酸符合Langmuir模型.     

高锰酸钾改性活性炭对Au~(3+)的吸附性能研究

以高锰酸钾改性的颗粒活性炭(MAC)为吸附剂,研究了pH值、吸附时间、MAC投加量和Au3+浓度对Au3+吸附性能的影响,并测定了吸附等温线.结果表明,随着pH的升高MAC对Au3+的吸附率先升高后降低,在pH=2.5时吸附率达到98%;在体系25℃,pH=2.5的条件下,MAC对Au3+的吸附率随时间的延长而增大,吸附平衡时间为90 min;Au3+的吸附量随MAC投加量和Au3+浓度的增加而增大.对Au3+的吸附符合Langmuir单分子层吸附规律,单分子层饱和吸附量为0.332 4 mmol/g.     

粘土-壳聚糖复合吸附剂吸附铬(Ⅶ)离子性能的研究

通过壳聚糖与粘土的结合,制备出复合吸附剂,并研究其对C r(Ⅵ)离子的吸附性能.研究结果表明,与单一的粘土或壳聚糖相比,该吸附剂对C r(Ⅵ)离子吸附速度快、吸附能力强.吸附除去C r(Ⅵ)的最佳工艺条件是:壳聚糖与粘土质量比为0.04,pH值4~6,C r(Ⅵ)离子的质量浓度≤10 m g/L,吸附平衡时间为40 m in,吸附剂用量为8.0 g/L.     

改性小麦秸秆对磷酸根的动态吸附性能

以氯化锌为活化剂对小麦秸秆进行了改性,制备出一种新型炭质吸附剂。以溶液的流速、初始浓度、pH值、温度和吸附剂用量对动态吸附效果的影响进行了研究和分析。结果表明：在溶液流速为5mL／min、初始浓度为50mg／L、pH为7、吸附剂量为3g时,吸附剂的吸附效果最好,在50min基本达到吸附平衡。随着溶液流速的增加,改性小麦秸秆对磷酸根的吸附量逐渐减少;随着溶液初始浓度的增大,吸附床层的穿透点提前;在pH=7时,吸附剂的动态饱和吸附量可达4．294mg／g;吸附区的移动速度随温度的升高而缓慢降低,但幅度不大。     

大孔树脂吸附法处理印染废水的研究

研究了大孔树脂吸附法处理直接红印染废水.考察了废水pH值、废水浓度、吸附时间和吸附剂用量对色度和浓度去除率的影响.结果表明:在pH值为8,废水浓度为9mg/L,反应时间为2小时,100ml废水中吸附剂用量为3g时,废水的色度去除率为93.9%,浓度去除率为97.9%.大孔树脂的重复使用性能良好.     

海鲜菇菌糠对废水中重金属铜离子的吸附性能研究

为了探究以海鲜菇菌糠作为生物吸附剂时,对废水中重金属Cu~(2+)的吸附性能。本文通过单因素静态吸附实验确定了溶液初始pH值、铜离子初始浓度、吸附剂加入量、吸附时间及吸附剂粒径大小对菌糠吸附性能的影响,通过L9(34)正交试验确定了最佳的吸附条件。结果表明,最佳单因素条件为:溶液初始pH 5、Cu~(2+)初始浓度10 mg/L、吸附时间150 min、吸附剂加入量28 g/L,吸附率最大为72%;正交试验分析显示Cu~(2+)初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附剂加入量、pH为显著因素,优化后Cu~(2+)初始浓度为15 mg/L、pH 5.5、吸附时间150 min、加入量为32 g/L,吸附率可达78%。海鲜菇菌糠作为一种高效环保经济的生物吸附剂对废水中重金属铜离子有较强的吸附能力,可望用于废水处理。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.