输气管道泄漏流场特性分析

输气管道泄漏流场特性对输气管道泄漏检测与定位研究具有重要的意义。根据实际流速和管内压力,建立了圆口泄漏和缝隙泄漏的计算流体动力学模型。在此基础上,研究了不同泄露口的泄漏速率与管内压力的关系以及泄露口形状对泄漏口附近流场的影响,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:泄漏速率和管内压力呈线性关系,圆形泄漏口的口径越大,泄漏速率越高;而矩形泄漏口的泄漏速率明显高于圆形泄漏口,泄漏口方位对泄漏速率的影响不大;在泄漏口附近压力和速度梯度均比较大,但泄漏口对管内气流的影响范围比较小;仿真结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性,说明基于计算流体动力学模型的方法研究气体管道泄漏流场特性是可行的。     

基于FLUENT的天然气管道微量泄漏数值模拟

为了降低天然气管道泄漏对环境造成的危害,采用FLUENT软件对高压天然气管道微量泄漏后甲烷扩散特性进行数值模拟,模拟了非稳态时甲烷浓度分布情况;探究不同管道压力和泄漏方式以及不同时间下天然气泄漏扩散过程的变化规律,并通过甲烷浓度分布图分析天然气的扩散特性和区域。结果表明:管内压力越大,甲烷扩散区域越大;泄漏方式为细缝泄漏时,扩散范围就相对小孔泄漏较大;甲烷泄漏出去的扩散浓度变化在前几分钟内就已达到稳定。     

旋转阀气力输送空气泄漏特性仿真

为分析旋转阀气力输送的空气泄漏特性和流场变化规律,基于Fluent软件,采用非定常计算,建立旋转阀气力输送系统二维、三维计算模型,对某型旋转阀气力输送系统在纯送风工况下进行数值模拟,研究不同时刻旋转阀气力输送系统的压力分布与空气泄漏量,并对比二维与三维计算模型泄气量的变化规律,获得叶顶间隙、进出口压差对旋转阀泄气量的影响规律.数值计算得到的不同压差下旋转阀泄气量与试验结果对比显示,两者最大相对误差为12.2％,平均相对误差为8.7％.研究表明,二维与三维计算模型的泄气量随旋转时间变化趋势一致,二者平均泄气量偏差为9.8％;旋转阀平均泄气量、高压腔体瞬间泄气量与进出口压差呈线性关系;旋转阀高压腔体瞬间泄气量随叶顶间隙尺寸变化很小,而旋转阀平均泄气量随叶顶间隙呈指数趋势增长.     

输气管道泄漏瞬态仿真分析

针对气体管道可能发生的泄漏工况,基于气体管道瞬变流动模型,结合泄漏边界条件,采用数值解法仿真得到泄漏后管道任一位置压力流量随时间的变化,并通过模型法对泄漏位置实时计算。结果表明：未泄漏稳态计算时,公式法和模型法的计算结果基本相同。管道泄漏后会产生负压波,导致全线压力降低,泄漏点上游流量增大,下游流量减小。压力波先后传播到管道首末端,在传播到管道首末端时会发生反射,随着压力波反射次数的增加,管内压力和流量会逐渐达到稳定状态。气体管道发生泄漏后,压力波向上下游传播,在各点产生的压力波幅呈指数规律衰减。利用管道泄漏后稳定状态时的起终点压力和流量结果计算得到的定位结果与真实值更接近。     

考虑黏度变化的球塞副稳态工况泄漏特性研究

建立球塞副偏心稳态运动的双边楔形缝隙流场数学模型,应用数值方法联合迭代求解雷诺方程和能量方程,利用求解出的压力场和温度场相互修正. 在此基础上得到压差-剪切流动造成的黏度变化并运用于泄漏量特性计算. 基于此得到球塞副在不同入口压力、不同工作转速、不同滑转率下的泄漏特性,并对压差和剪切导致的泄漏进行了区别分析. 结果表明入口压力直接影响泄漏量,黏度变化导致泄漏量变化速率增加;运动引起的剪切产热导致泄漏增大,但在高压条件下所占比例减小;试验结果验证了计算结论,说明变黏度泄漏计算模型的准确性.      

考虑热力学效应的涡轮氧泵口环间隙泄漏特性研究

为精确分析口环间隙泄漏特性及泄漏流动对液氧泵内流场的影响,本文基于SST k-ω湍流模型与High Resolution算法,对某涡轮氧泵进行了全尺寸整场数值模拟,研究了不同流量工况下热力学效应对液氧泵外特性、口环间隙泄漏量及空化特性的影响。研究结果表明,在额定工况点附近,Б.B.奥夫相尼科夫公式预测口环间隙泄漏特性相对准确,偏流量工况下各经验公式预测精度下降;等体积流量下,工质为液氧时泵效率较常温水介质高4%,口环间隙泄漏量大于水介质下,且泄漏量差值与流量相关;等温条件下,介质温度对口环间隙泄漏量影响较小,额定工况下高温液氧泄漏损失较大;考虑热力学效应后,泵腔口环间隙内的温升随流量减小而增大,120%～40%工况下温升约为1～3 K。液氧泵扬程与效率较等温条件结果略有升高,口环间隙进出口涡量增大、泄漏量明显减小,泄漏量减小数值与流量成反比,最大减小量为3%,同时口环间隙内空化加剧。     

FLUENT在丙烷泄漏扩散研究中的应用

应用FLUENT软件对某光纤企业丙烷泄漏后的扩散进行数值模拟,在设置边界条件及计算模型的前提下,探究丙烷扩散规律,得到泄漏后丙烷气体的速度、温度、密度、质量浓度等分布情况.结果显示,泄漏后丙烷气云速度由超声速变至亚声速,最后在距泄漏源较远处近似环境风速;在泄漏口垂直方向上,温度呈规律性变化,风口处变化最为明显,近地面温度变化缓慢,反之亦然;密度在泄漏源处可达1.49kg/m3,随着扩散逐渐接近空气密度;泄漏后大气中丙烷的含量从开始向周边先增大后减小,垂直方向上近地面丙烷含量较其他区更高.此结果可为该种易燃易爆气体的污染监控提供一定的理论依据.     

含硫天然气管道连续泄漏规律研究

为了预测含硫天然气泄漏后危险气体的扩散距离和危险区域的面积,以中国石油长庆油田第五采气厂输送管线为例,结合当地的实际环境,根据高斯烟羽模型选择适合于含硫天然气连续泄漏的控制参数,开展了含硫天然气在不同泄漏量、大气环境、地面粗糙度条件下连续泄漏的数值模拟研究,得出了相应的下风向扩散距离及其危害面积。结果表明:不同的条件下,天然气扩散的距离和面积不同。泄漏量越大,天然气扩散的距离和危害面积也越大,H2S的危险区域的面积也越大;大气稳定性越高,扩散距离和危害面积越大;地面粗糙度越大,扩散距离和危害面积越小。模拟结果可为人员疏散方案及应急救援预案制定提供理论依据和技术指导。     

迷宫密封泄漏特性的试验研究

为了研究迷宫密封泄漏特性,设计并搭建了旋转密封试验台,测量了典型迷宫密封在8种压比、5种转速、固定密封间隙下的泄漏量和密封腔室压力.通过数值模拟结果的对比分析,找出了压比、转速对迷宫密封泄漏特性和腔室压力的影响规律.研究结果表明:搭建的旋转密封试验台在迷宫密封泄漏量和密封腔室压力的测量精度上是可靠的;相比于试验结果,数值计算获得的泄漏量和腔室压力的最大相对误差分别为3.25%、3.6%,表明试验与数值结果吻合良好,数值方法可以较准确地预测迷宫密封的泄漏量和腔室压力;相同转速下的流量系数随着压比的提高而增大,小压比下的流量系数增加迅速;相同压比下的转速对流量系数的影响很小,可以忽略;迷宫密封腔室压力系数沿流动方向逐渐减小,密封腔室结构对压力系数影响很大.     

基于FLUENT的含硫天然气泄漏数值模拟研究

为了研究天然气输送管道发生泄漏后气体的扩散规律,以长庆油田第五采气厂输送管道为研究对象,利用FLUENT软件进行数值计算。根据现场的实际情况,建立了数值模拟的物理模型,设置合理的边界条件,得到了不同风速下天然气扩散规律。结果表明:在静风条件下,气体的浓度和速度分布基本上呈对称分布。在风力的作用下,气体的浓度场向下风向发生了明显的偏斜,当风速为3 m/s时,喷射气流大约在泄漏口上方50 m处发生偏斜,当风速为5 m/s时,喷射气流大约在泄漏口上方35 m处发生偏斜,当风速为10 m/s时,喷射气流大约在泄漏口上方15 m处发生偏斜,而且随着风速的增大,射流偏离竖直方向角度也增大。同时风速越大,硫化氢对人体有危害的面积越小。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.