壮族的人生礼仪及其文化内涵

人生礼仪是一个人一生中在不同年龄阶段所举行的仪式。在壮族的传统文化中，人生礼仪主要由诞生礼、婚礼、寿礼、葬礼构成。文章拟在对壮族人生礼仪的主要内容作简单归纳介绍的基础上，深入分析在人生礼仪中所体现出来的壮族人的生死观念、社会伦理观以及贯穿于各人生礼仪中的人际馈赠关系。     

生殖崇拜观念在国人民俗文化中的影响

生殖崇拜观念广泛影响着国人的民俗礼仪、民间艺术和民间信仰。在人生礼仪方面，诞生礼使人获得社会地位，婚礼成了生命繁衍最重要的程序，寿礼则成为报孝祖先繁衍功德的现实化了的生殖崇拜观念；在民间艺术中，鸟、鱼、莲的造型图案及面塑礼、馍的寓意中都蕴涵了生殖崇拜观念的深层含义；民间信仰中从灵物崇拜到众多的生育神，使民众将“有子万事足”的观念带到了今天。     

中国古代的各种成年礼仪－－现代成年礼仪构想

本文着重介绍了我国古代汉民族和一些少数民族的成年礼仪：汉族的冠礼、笄礼、瑶族的跳盘王，藏族女子的“上头”等，作者认为举行现代成年礼仪很有必要，并对现代成年礼仪作了初步的构想。     

新疆回族人生礼仪的文化变迁与现代意义

新疆正处于现代市场经济建设的重要时期，各民族的传统化都存在着如何适应现代社会转型需要的迫切任务，回族作为新疆人口众多的少数民族，也面临着同样的时代问题。对回族历史化的研究也就比较集中地体现在回族化的现代化问题研究上。人生礼仪是回族传统化中的重要组成部分。回族的人生礼仪内容众多，主要有诞生礼、命名礼、满月礼、百日礼、割礼、婚礼、丧礼等。对新疆回族人生礼仪习俗的化研究，有助于深入了解新疆回族的特点，发掘新疆回族化的精华，摒弃糟粕，促进新疆的精神明建设和民族团结以及提高适应现代市场经济的能力。     

新疆回族人生礼仪的文化变迁与现代意义

新疆正处于现代市场经济建设的重要时期,各民族的传统文化都存在着如何适应现代社会转型需要的迫切任务,回族作为新疆人口众多的少数民族,也面临着同样的时代问题。对回族历史文化的研究也就比较集中地体现在回族文化的现代化问题研究上。人生礼仪是回族传统文化中的重要组成部分。回族的人生礼仪内容众多,主要有诞生礼、命名礼、满月礼、百日礼、割礼、婚礼、丧礼等。对新疆回族人生礼仪习俗的文化研究,有助于深入了解新疆回族的特点,发掘新疆回族文化的精华,摒弃糟粕,促进新疆的精神文明建设和民族团结以及提高适应现代市场经济的能力。     

浅析人生礼仪中的吉祥图像——以河南汝南县为例

人生礼仪包含了人的一生的轨迹,从出生到死亡,从自然人到真正社会意义上的人都有相应的仪式。人生礼仪中的吉祥图像,是我们认识人生礼仪的重要途径,全文将从婚姻礼仪、丧葬礼仪、诞生礼以及寿礼几个方面具体分析其吉祥图像及其深刻内涵。     

蓝靛瑶的"花"、"斗"人观--那洪村蓝靛瑶诞生、翁花、要斗和度师礼仪的调查与研究

在蓝靛瑶的日常社会中，一个人从出生到长大成人，通常要在不同的年龄阶段为之举行相应的礼式，如诞生礼、翁花礼仪、要斗礼仪、度师礼仪等，以示祝福。通过对各种礼仪的过程及所用祭品的展现，反映出在蓝靛瑶族的深层观念中，“花”是人的生命的象征；“斗”是生命最重要的滋养物；女子在人的生命的“养”中，具有比男子更为重要的地位。     

蓝靛瑶的"花"、"斗"人观--那洪村蓝靛瑶诞生、翁花、要斗和度师礼仪的调查与研究

在蓝靛瑶的日常社会中，一个人从出生到长大成人，通常要在不同的年龄阶段为主举行相应的礼式，如诞生礼、翁花礼仪、要斗礼仪、度师礼仪等，以示祝福。通过对各种礼仪的过程及所用祭品的展现，反映出在蓝靛瑶族的深层观念中，“花”是人的生命的象征；“斗”是生命最重要的滋养物；女子在人的生命的“养”中，具有比男子更为重要的地位。     

中国古代冠礼的道德意蕴

中国自古就有"礼仪之邦"之称,礼作为一种伦理制度,一直支配着传统社会人们的生活方式和思维观念,并起着化民成德的作用。有"礼之始"之称的冠礼在古代中国地位非常重要,它在帮助个体顺利跨越人生的不同阶段的同时又引导其进入礼的社会语境。冠礼是以仪式为载体的"成德之教",通过具体而生动的礼仪活动来启发和教育个体,为社会培养合格的社会成员。冠礼具体仪节所蕴涵的道德精神,今天依然值得我们重视。     

土家族口传教育的形式与内容探讨

土家族是一个历史悠久，文化灿烂的民族，它也是一个只有语言而没有文字的民族，民族历史文化和生产生活常识都必须依靠口传教育来完成，所以口传教育在土家族民间有着举足轻重的作用。土家族民间口传教育主要通过家庭教育、家族教育、村寨社区教育、师徒传承教育来实现。口传教育的内容主要有生产技能教育、生活常识教育、人生礼仪和社会礼俗教育、民间文化教育等。民间口传教育是土家族学校教育的基础，是土家族走向文明的铺路石。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.